1
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Li Z, Varrassi L, Yang Y, Franchini C, Bellaiche L, He J. Ultrastrong Coupling between Polar Distortion and Optical Properties in Ferroelectric MoBr 2O 2. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15411-15419. [PMID: 38780106 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Tuning the properties of materials by using external stimuli is crucial for developing versatile smart materials. Strong coupling among the order parameters within a single-phase material constitutes a potent foundation for achieving precise property control. However, cross-coupling is fairly weak in most single materials. Leveraging first-principles calculations, we demonstrate a layered mixed anion compound MoBr2O2 that exhibits electric-field switchable spontaneous polarization and ultrastrong coupling between polar distortion and electronic structures as well as optical properties. It offers feasible avenues of achieving tunable Rashba spin-splitting, electrochromism, thermochromism, photochromism, and nonlinear optics by applying an external electric field to a single domain sample and heating, as well as intense light illumination. Additionally, it exhibits an exceptionally large photostrictive effect. These findings not only showcase the feasibility of achieving multiple order parameter coupling within a single material but also pave the way for comprehensive applications based on property control, such as energy harvesting, information processing, and ultrafast control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lorenzo Varrassi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Yali Yang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cesare Franchini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Smart Ferroic Materials Center, Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jiangang He
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhu M, Yan W, Xu H, Sun L, Chen M, Liu F, Chen L, Zhang J, Sheng Z. Millijoule Terahertz Radiation from Laser Wakefields in Nonuniform Plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:165002. [PMID: 38701476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We report the experimental measurement of millijoule terahertz (THz) radiation emitted in the backward direction from laser wakefields driven by a femtosecond laser pulse of few joules interacting with a gas target. By utilizing frequency-resolved energy measurement, it is found that the THz spectrum exhibits two peaks located at about 4.5 and 9.0 THz, respectively. In particular, the high frequency component emerges when the drive laser energy exceeds 1.26 J, at which electron acceleration in the forward direction is detected simultaneously. Theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations indicate that the THz radiation is generated via mode conversion from the laser wakefields excited in plasma with an up-ramp profile, where radiations both at the local electron plasma frequency and its harmonics are produced. Such intense THz sources may find many applications in ultrafast science, e.g., manipulating the transient states of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhelin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xichen Hu
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenchao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhengming Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser and Plasma (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
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3
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Erba A, Desmarais JK, Casassa S, Civalleri B, Donà L, Bush IJ, Searle B, Maschio L, Edith-Daga L, Cossard A, Ribaldone C, Ascrizzi E, Marana NL, Flament JP, Kirtman B. CRYSTAL23: A Program for Computational Solid State Physics and Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6891-6932. [PMID: 36502394 PMCID: PMC10601489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Crystal program for quantum-mechanical simulations of materials has been bridging the realm of molecular quantum chemistry to the realm of solid state physics for many years, since its first public version released back in 1988. This peculiarity stems from the use of atom-centered basis functions within a linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) approach and from the corresponding efficiency in the evaluation of the exact Fock exchange series. In particular, this has led to the implementation of a rich variety of hybrid density functional approximations since 1998. Nowadays, it is acknowledged by a broad community of solid state chemists and physicists that the inclusion of a fraction of Fock exchange in the exchange-correlation potential of the density functional theory is key to a better description of many properties of materials (electronic, magnetic, mechanical, spintronic, lattice-dynamical, etc.). Here, the main developments made to the program in the last five years (i.e., since the previous release, Crystal17) are presented and some of their most noteworthy applications reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Erba
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jacques K. Desmarais
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Casassa
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Civalleri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Donà
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ian J. Bush
- STFC
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Searle
- SFTC
Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Maschio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Edith-Daga
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cossard
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Ribaldone
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ascrizzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Naiara L. Marana
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Flament
- Université
de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 — PhLAM — Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Bernard Kirtman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
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4
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Cui W, Yalavarthi EK, Radhan AV, Bashirpour M, Gamouras A, Ménard JM. High-field THz source centered at 2.6 THz. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32468-32477. [PMID: 37859049 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a table-top high-field terahertz (THz) source based on optical rectification of a collimated near-infrared pulse in gallium phosphide (GaP) to produce peak fields above 300 kV/cm with a spectrum centered at 2.6 THz. The experimental configuration, based on tilted-pulse-front phase matching, is implemented with a phase grating etched directly onto the front surface of the GaP crystal. Although the THz generation efficiency starts showing a saturation onset as the near-infrared pulse energy reaches 0.57 mJ, we can expect our configuration to yield THz peak fields up to 866 kV/cm when a 5 mJ generation NIR pulse is used. This work paves the way towards broadband, high-field THz sources able to access a new class of THz coherent control and nonlinear phenomena driven at frequencies above 2 THz.
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5
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Xu R, Lin T, Luo J, Chen X, Blackert ER, Moon AR, JeBailey KM, Zhu H. Phonon Polaritonics in Broad Terahertz Frequency Range with Quantum Paraelectric SrTiO 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302974. [PMID: 37334883 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Photonics in the frequency range of 5-15 terahertz (THz) potentially open a new realm of quantum materials manipulation and biosensing. This range, sometimes called "the new terahertz gap", is traditionally difficult to access due to prevalent phonon absorption bands in solids. Low-loss phonon-polariton materials may realize sub-wavelength, on-chip photonic devices, but typically operate in mid-infrared frequencies with narrow bandwidths and are difficult to manufacture on a large scale. Here, for the first time, quantum paraelectric SrTiO3 enables broadband surface phonon-polaritonic devices in 7-13 THz. As a proof of concept, polarization-independent field concentrators are designed and fabricated to locally enhance intense, multicycle THz pulses by a factor of 6 and increase the spectral intensity by over 90 times. The time-resolved electric field inside the concentrators is experimentally measured by THz-field-induced second harmonic generation. Illuminated by a table-top light source, the average field reaches 0.5 GV m-1 over a large volume resolvable by far-field optics. These results potentially enable scalable THz photonics with high breakdown fields made of various commercially available phonon-polariton crystals for studying driven phases in quantum materials and nonlinear molecular spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jiaming Luo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Blackert
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Alyssa R Moon
- Nanotechnology Research Experience for Undergraduates (Nano REU) Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Khalil M JeBailey
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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6
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Cheng B, Kramer PL, Shen ZX, Hoffmann MC. Terahertz-Driven Local Dipolar Correlation in a Quantum Paraelectric. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:126902. [PMID: 37027861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.126902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced ferroelectricity in quantum paraelectrics is a new avenue of achieving dynamic stabilization of hidden orders in quantum materials. In this Letter, we explore the possibility of driving a transient ferroelectric phase in the quantum paraelectric KTaO_{3} via intense terahertz excitation of the soft mode. We observe a long-lived relaxation in the terahertz-driven second harmonic generation (SHG) signal that lasts up to 20 ps at 10 K, which may be attributed to light-induced ferroelectricity. Through analyzing the terahertz-induced coherent soft-mode oscillation and finding its hardening with fluence well described by a single-well potential, we demonstrate that intense terahertz pulses up to 500 kV/cm cannot drive a global ferroelectric phase in KTaO_{3}. Instead, we find the unusual long-lived relaxation of the SHG signal comes from a terahertz-driven moderate dipolar correlation between the defect-induced local polar structures. We discuss the impact of our findings on current investigations of the terahertz-induced ferroelectric phase in quantum paraelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cheng
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Patrick L Kramer
- Laser Science and Technology, SLAC Linear Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Matthias C Hoffmann
- Laser Science and Technology, SLAC Linear Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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7
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Song C, Yang Q, Liu X, Zhao H, Zhang C, Meng S. Electronic Origin of Laser-Induced Ferroelectricity in SrTiO 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:576-583. [PMID: 36633437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although ultrafast control of the nonthermally driven ferroelectric transition of paraelectric SrTiO3 was achieved under laser excitation, the underlying mechanism and dynamics of the photoinduced phase transition remain ambiguous. Here, the determinant formation mechanism of ultrafast ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 is traced by nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. That is, the selective excitation of multiple phonons, induced by photoexcited electrons through the strong correlation between electronic excitation and lattice distortion, results in the breaking of the crystal central symmetry and the onset of ferroelectricity. The accompanying population transition between 3dz2 and 3dx2-y2 orbitals excites multiple phonon branches, including the two high-energy longitudinal optical modes, so as to drive the titanium ion away from the center of the oxygen octahedron and generate a metastable ferroelectric phase. Our findings reveal a cooperative electronic and ionic driving mechanism for the laser-induced ferroelectricity that provides new schemes for the optical control of ultrafast quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Xinbao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan523808, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan523808, China
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8
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Jiao ZH, Song JH, Zhang S, Li XY, Wang GL, Zhao SF. Controllable waveform terahertz generation using rippled plasma driven by an inhomogeneous electrostatic field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:442-451. [PMID: 36606978 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically present the waveform controls of terahertz (THz) radiations generated from homogeneous and rippled plasma within inhomogeneous external electrostatic field. The Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations is implemented to demonstrate generation and controllability of three types of THz pulses: single frequency THz pulse in homogeneous plasma, broadband THz pulse and dual frequency THz pulse in rippled plasma. The single frequency THz pulse can be tuned via shifting the knob of electron density of homogeneous plasma. Waveform of broadband THz pulse can be regulated into an envelope-like shape by varying amplitude of electron density of rippled plasma. The two center frequencies' interval of dual frequency THz pulse can be controlled by wave numbers of density distribution of rippled plasma. This work provides a potential means to generate the dual frequency THz pulses with two harmonic frequencies (ω+Ωω, Ω=2) or incommensurate frequencies (ω+Ωω, Ω=1.7,1.8, 2.2…).
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9
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Nilforoushan N, Apretna T, Song C, Boulier T, Tignon J, Dhillon S, Hanna M, Mangeney J. Ultra-broadband THz pulses with electric field amplitude exceeding 100 kV/cm at a 200 kHz repetition rate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:15556-15565. [PMID: 35473272 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a table-top source delivering ultra-broadband THz pulses with electric field strength exceeding 100 kV/cm at a repetition rate of 200 kHz. The source is based on optical rectification of 23 fs pulses at 1030 nm delivered by a ytterbium-doped fiber laser followed by a nonlinear temporal compression stage. We generate THz pulses with a conversion efficiency of up to 0.11 % with a spectrum extending to 11 THz using a 1 mm thick GaP crystal and a conversion efficiency of 0.016 % with a spectrum extending to 30 THz using a 30 µm thick GaSe crystal. The essential features of the emitted THz pulse spectra are well captured by simulations of the optical rectification process relying on coupled nonlinear equations. Our ultrafast laser-based source uniquely satisfies an important requirement of nonlinear THz experiments, namely the emission of ultra-broadband THz pulses with high electric field amplitudes at high repetition rates, opening a route towards nonlinear time-resolved THz experiments with high signal-to-noise ratios.
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10
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Puviani M, Manske D. Quench-drive spectroscopy of cuprates. Faraday Discuss 2022; 237:125-147. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cuprates are d-wave superconductors which exhibit a rich phase diagram: they are characterized by superconducting fluctuations even above the critical temperature, and thermal disorder can reduce or suppress the phase...
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11
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Shi X, Wang J, Cheng X, Huang H. Ultrafast Ferroelectric Domain Switching Induced by Nano‐Second Strain‐Pulse. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Houbing Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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12
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Zhang Y, Dai J, Zhong X, Zhang D, Zhong G, Li J. Probing Ultrafast Dynamics of Ferroelectrics by Time-Resolved Pump-Probe Spectroscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102488. [PMID: 34632722 PMCID: PMC8596111 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials have been a key research topic owing to their wide variety of modern electronic and photonic applications. For the quick exploration of higher operating speed, smaller size, and superior efficiencies of novel ferroelectric devices, the ultrafast dynamics of ferroelectrics that directly reflect their respond time and lifetimes have drawn considerable attention. Driven by time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy that allows for probing, controlling, and modulating dynamic processes of ferroelectrics in real-time, much research efforts have been made to understand and exploit the ultrafast dynamics of ferroelectric. Herein, the current state of ultrafast dynamic features of ferroelectrics tracked by time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy is reviewed, which includes ferroelectrics order parameters of polarization, lattice, spin, electronic excitation, and their coupling. Several potential perspectives and possible further applications combining ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and ferroelectrics are also presented. This review offers a clear guidance of ultrafast dynamics of ferroelectric orders, which may promote the rapid development of next-generation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Junfeng Dai
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiangli Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Dongwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Gaokuo Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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13
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Reimann K, Woerner M, Elsaesser T. Two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy of condensed-phase molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:120901. [PMID: 33810677 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear terahertz (THz) spectroscopy relies on the interaction of matter with few-cycle THz pulses of electric field amplitudes up to megavolts/centimeter (MV/cm). In condensed-phase molecular systems, both resonant interactions with elementary excitations at low frequencies such as intra- and intermolecular vibrations and nonresonant field-driven processes are relevant. Two-dimensional THz (2D-THz) spectroscopy is a key method for following nonequilibrium processes and dynamics of excitations to decipher the underlying interactions and molecular couplings. This article addresses the state of the art in 2D-THz spectroscopy by discussing the main concepts and illustrating them with recent results. The latter include the response of vibrational excitations in molecular crystals up to the nonperturbative regime of light-matter interaction and field-driven ionization processes and electron transport in liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Reimann
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Asai G, Hata D, Harada S, Kasai T, Arashida Y, Katayama I. High-throughput terahertz spectral line imaging using an echelon mirror. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3515-3523. [PMID: 33770948 DOI: 10.1364/oe.413802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates terahertz (THz) line imaging that acquires broadband spectral information by combining echelon-based single-shot THz spectroscopy with high-sensitivity phase-offset electrooptic detection. An approximately 40 dB signal-to-noise ratio is obtained for a THz spectrum from a single line of the camera, with a detection bandwidth up to 2 THz at the peak electric-field strength of 1.2 kV/cm. The spatial resolution of the image is confirmed to be diffraction limited for each spectral component of the THz wave. We use the system to image sugar tablets by quickly scanning the sample, which illustrates the capacity of the proposed spectral line imaging system for high-throughput applications.
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15
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Ovchinnikov AV, Chefonov OV, Agranat MB, Fortov VE, Jazbinsek M, Hauri CP. Generation of strong-field spectrally tunable terahertz pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33921-33936. [PMID: 33182871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.405545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ideal laser source for nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy offers large versatility delivering both ultra-intense broadband single-cycle pulses and user-selectable multi-cycle pulses at narrow linewidths. Here we show a highly versatile terahertz laser platform providing single-cycle transients with tens of MV/cm peak field as well as spectrally narrow pulses, tunable in bandwidth and central frequency across 5 octaves at several MV/cm field strengths. The compact scheme is based on optical rectification in organic crystals of a temporally modulated laser beam. It allows up to 50 cycles and central frequency tunable from 0.5 to 7 terahertz, with a minimum width of 30 GHz, corresponding to the photon-energy width of ΔE=0.13 meV and the spectroscopic-wavenumber width of Δ(λ-1)=1.1 cm-1. The experimental results are excellently predicted by theoretical modelling. Our table-top source shows similar performances to that of large-scale terahertz facilities but offering in addition more versatility, multi-colour femtosecond pump-probe opportunities and ultralow timing jitter.
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16
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Kuramochi H, Aoyama G, Okajima H, Sakamoto A, Kanegawa S, Sato O, Takeuchi S, Tahara T. Femtosecond Polarization Switching in the Crystal of a [CrCo] Dinuclear Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kuramochi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory RIKEN, and Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
- JST, PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Current address: Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS) Institute for Molecular Science 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Genki Aoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science College of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- JST, PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science College of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science College of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeuchi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory RIKEN, and Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
- Current address: Graduate School of Material Science University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kohto Kamigori Hyogo 678-1297 Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory RIKEN, and Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
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17
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Ghalgaoui A, Reimann K, Woerner M, Elsaesser T, Flytzanis C, Biermann K. Frequency Upshift of the Transverse Optical Phonon Resonance in GaAs by Femtosecond Electron-Hole Excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:027401. [PMID: 32701339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.027401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of transient electric currents on the transverse optical (TO) phonon resonance is studied after excitation by two femtosecond near-infrared pulses via the fourth-order nonlinear terahertz emission. Nonlinear signals due to interband shift currents and heavy-hole-light-hole polarizations are separated from Raman-induced TO phonon coherences. The latter display a frequency upshift by some 100 GHz upon interband excitation of an electron-hole plasma. The frequency shift is caused by transverse electronic shift currents, which modify the dielectric function. A local-field model based on microscopic current densities reproduces the observed frequency upshift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghalgaoui
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Reimann
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christos Flytzanis
- Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Klaus Biermann
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, 10117 Berlin. Germany
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18
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Kuramochi H, Aoyama G, Okajima H, Sakamoto A, Kanegawa S, Sato O, Takeuchi S, Tahara T. Femtosecond Polarization Switching in the Crystal of a [CrCo] Dinuclear Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15865-15869. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kuramochi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory RIKEN, and Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
- JST, PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Current address: Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS) Institute for Molecular Science 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Genki Aoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science College of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- JST, PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science College of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science College of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5258 Japan
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeuchi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory RIKEN, and Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
- Current address: Graduate School of Material Science University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kohto Kamigori Hyogo 678-1297 Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory RIKEN, and Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
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19
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Minami Y, Ofori-Okai B, Sivarajah P, Katayama I, Takeda J, Nelson KA, Suemoto T. Macroscopic Ionic Flow in a Superionic Conductor Na^{+} β-Alumina Driven by Single-Cycle Terahertz Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:147401. [PMID: 32338953 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.147401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic motion significantly contributes to conductivity in devices such as memory, switches, and rechargeable batteries. In our work, we experimentally demonstrate that intense terahertz electric-field transients can be used to manipulate ions in a superionic conductor, namely Na^{+} β-alumina. The cations trapped in the local potential minima are accelerated using single-cycle terahertz pulses, thereby inducing a macroscopic current flow on a subpicosecond timescale. Our results clearly show that single-cycle terahertz pulses can be used to significantly modulate the nature of superionic conductors and could possibly serve as a basic tool for application in future electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Minami
- Department of Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Benjamin Ofori-Okai
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Prasahnt Sivarajah
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ikufumi Katayama
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tohru Suemoto
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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20
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Yang T, Wang B, Hu JM, Chen LQ. Domain Dynamics under Ultrafast Electric-Field Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:107601. [PMID: 32216398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the dynamic responses of a material is of importance to both understanding its fundamental physics at high frequencies and potential device applications. Here we develop a phase-field model for predicting the dynamics of ferroelectric materials and study the dynamic responses of ferroelectric domains and domain walls subjected to an ultrafast electric-field pulse. We discover a transition of domain evolution mechanisms from pure domain growth at a relatively low field to combined nucleation and growth of domains at a high field. We derive analytical models for the two regimes which allow us to extract the effective mass and damping coefficient of ferroelectric domain walls. The exhibition of two regimes for the ferroelectric domain dynamics at low and high electric fields is expected to be a general phenomenon that would appear for ferroic domains under other ultrafast stimuli. The present Letter also offers a general framework for studying domain dynamics and obtaining fundamental properties of domain walls and thus for manipulating the dynamic functionalities of ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jia-Mian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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21
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Lian C, Ali ZA, Kwon H, Wong BM. Indirect but Efficient: Laser-Excited Electrons Can Drive Ultrafast Polarization Switching in Ferroelectric Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3402-3407. [PMID: 31181930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the efficiency of next-generation ferroelectric (FE) electronic devices, new techniques for controlling ferroelectric polarization switching are required. While most prior studies have attempted to induce polarization switching via the excitation of phonons, these experimental techniques required intricate and expensive terahertz sources and have not been completely successful. Here, we propose a new mechanism for rapidly and efficiently switching the FE polarization via laser-tuning of the underlying dynamical potential energy surface. Using time-dependent density functional calculations, we observe an ultrafast switching of the FE polarization in BaTiO3 within 200 fs. A laser pulse can induce a charge density redistribution that reduces the original FE charge order. This excitation results in both desirable and highly directional ionic forces that are always opposite to the original FE displacements. Our new mechanism enables the reversible switching of the FE polarization with optical pulses that can be produced from existing 800 nm experimental laser sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lian
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Zulfikhar A Ali
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Hyuna Kwon
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Bryan M Wong
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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22
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Erba A, Maul J, Ferrabone M, Carbonnière P, Rérat M, Dovesi R. Anharmonic Vibrational States of Solids from DFT Calculations. Part I: Description of the Potential Energy Surface. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3755-3765. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Erba
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jefferson Maul
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferrabone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Philippe Carbonnière
- IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM-CAPT UMR CNRS 5254, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 avenue du Président Angot, 64053 PAU CEDEX 9, Pau, France
| | - Michel Rérat
- IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, IPREM-CAPT UMR CNRS 5254, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 avenue du Président Angot, 64053 PAU CEDEX 9, Pau, France
| | - Roberto Dovesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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23
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Lu J, Lee SH, Li X, Lee SC, Han JH, Kown OP, Nelson KA. Efficient terahertz generation in highly nonlinear organic crystal HMB-TMS. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:30786-30794. [PMID: 30469972 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.030786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on generation of strong and broadband terahertz (THz) pulses via collinearly phase-matched optical rectification of near-infrared femtosecond pulses in the organic nonlinear optical HMB-TMS (2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-3-ium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate) single crystals which exhibit optimal molecular orientation and large macroscopic optical nonlinearity for efficient THz wave generation. Single-cycle THz pulses with a peak electric field strength of 0.66 MV/cm and a bandwidth from 0.1 to 5.4 THz are achieved from an HMB-TMS crystal with only a 2-mm clear aperture pumped by 1350 nm pulses at moderate fluences. The generated THz energy is about 1 µJ and the corresponding pump-to-THz energy conversion efficiency reaches 0.23%.
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24
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Wall S, Yang S, Vidas L, Chollet M, Glownia JM, Kozina M, Katayama T, Henighan T, Jiang M, Miller TA, Reis DA, Boatner LA, Delaire O, Trigo M. Ultrafast disordering of vanadium dimers in photoexcited VO
2. Science 2018; 362:572-576. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau3873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wall
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Luciana Vidas
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James M. Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michael Kozina
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Thomas Henighan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mason Jiang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Timothy A. Miller
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David A. Reis
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lynn A. Boatner
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Olivier Delaire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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25
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Cai H, Huang H, Huang Q, Hu X, Zhang J, Zhai X, Lu Y. Optical tuning of dielectric properties of La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3/SrTiO 3 superlattices in the terahertz range. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:7842-7851. [PMID: 29609332 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.007842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)n/(SrTiO3)m superlattices with different superlattice period but the same total thickness were deposited on LaAlO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Dielectric properties of these samples were investigated by means of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) under external continuous wave green laser excitation and optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy (OPTP) at room temperature. Experimental results show that the real part of the permittivity for both superlattices increases significantly with increasing green laser pump power, which indicates the decrease of the plasma frequency, along with the increase of the electron scattering rate, soft mode eigenfrequency and oscillator strength in the Drude-Lorentz model. Furthermore, it's observed that the insulating superlattice exhibits a more significant dielectric tunability than the metallic superlattice. Besides, the carrier lifetime of superlattices is much shorter than the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin film in the OPTP measurements, indicating that the electrons excited in the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layers may be trapped by the defects located in the interfaces of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and SrTiO3 or the SrTiO3 layers. With the optical field-induced tunability of dielectric properties, (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)n/(SrTiO3)m superlattices show great potential in the actively tunable devices in the THz range.
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26
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First demonstration of coherent Cherenkov radiation matched to circular plane wave. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17440. [PMID: 29234106 PMCID: PMC5727164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed coherent Cherenkov radiation matched to a circular plane wave (CCR-MCP) for the first time using a hollow conical dielectric made of a high-density polyethylene. The refractive index and the absorption coefficient of the dielectric were evaluated to be 1.537 ± 0.004 and 0.006 ± 0.028 by measuring the pulse formed by the interference between the CCR-MCP and the coherent diffraction radiation. These values were consistent with the values shown in a reference for the high-density polyethylene. In accordance with the theory of the Cherenkov radiation, the spectrum of the CCR-MCP shifted towards higher wavenumbers compared to that of the coherent diffraction radiation. The intensity of the CCR-MCP beam was proportional to the height of the hollow conical dielectric and was 3 times the intensity of the coherent diffraction radiation. The CCR-MCP technique can produce broadband terahertz-wave sources with unprecedented power at compact accelerator facilities.
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Hamm P, Meuwly M, Johnson SL, Beaud P, Staub U. Perspective: THz-driven nuclear dynamics from solids to molecules. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061601. [PMID: 29308420 PMCID: PMC5741436 DOI: 10.1063/1.4992050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen dramatic developments in the technology of intense pulsed light sources in the THz frequency range. Since many dipole-active excitations in solids and molecules also lie in this range, there is now a tremendous potential to use these light sources to study linear and nonlinear dynamics in such systems. While several experimental investigations of THz-driven dynamics in solid-state systems have demonstrated a variety of interesting linear and nonlinear phenomena, comparatively few efforts have been made to drive analogous dynamics in molecular systems. In the present Perspective article, we discuss the similarities and differences between THz-driven dynamics in solid-state and molecular systems on both conceptual and practical levels. We also discuss the experimental parameters needed for these types of experiments and thereby provide design criteria for a further development of this new research branch. Finally, we present a few recent examples to illustrate the rich physics that may be learned from nonlinear THz excitations of phonons in solids as well as inter-molecular vibrations in liquid and gas-phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steve L Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Beaud
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Staub
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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28
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Maehrlein S, Paarmann A, Wolf M, Kampfrath T. Terahertz Sum-Frequency Excitation of a Raman-Active Phonon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:127402. [PMID: 29341630 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.127402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In stimulated Raman scattering, two incident optical waves induce a force oscillating at the difference of the two light frequencies. This process has enabled important applications such as the excitation and coherent control of phonons and magnons by femtosecond laser pulses. Here, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the so far neglected up-conversion counterpart of this process: THz sum-frequency excitation of a Raman-active phonon mode, which is tantamount to two-photon absorption by an optical transition between two adjacent vibrational levels. Coherent control of an optical lattice vibration of diamond is achieved by an intense terahertz pulse whose spectrum is centered at half the phonon frequency of 40 THz. Remarkably, the carrier-envelope phase of the THz pulse is directly transferred into the phase of the lattice vibration. New prospects in general infrared spectroscopy, action spectroscopy, and lattice trajectory control in the electronic ground state emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Maehrlein
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Paarmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Kampfrath
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Kozina M, van Driel T, Chollet M, Sato T, Glownia JM, Wandel S, Radovic M, Staub U, Hoffmann MC. Ultrafast X-ray diffraction probe of terahertz field-driven soft mode dynamics in SrTiO 3. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:054301. [PMID: 28503632 PMCID: PMC5415405 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We use ultrafast X-ray pulses to characterize the lattice response of SrTiO3 when driven by strong terahertz fields. We observe transient changes in the diffraction intensity with a delayed onset with respect to the driving field. Fourier analysis reveals two frequency components corresponding to the two lowest energy zone-center optical modes in SrTiO3. The lower frequency mode exhibits clear softening as the temperature is decreased while the higher frequency mode shows slight temperature dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kozina
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Wandel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - U Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M C Hoffmann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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30
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Folpini G, Reimann K, Woerner M, Elsaesser T, Hoja J, Tkatchenko A. Strong Local-Field Enhancement of the Nonlinear Soft-Mode Response in a Molecular Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:097404. [PMID: 28949583 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.097404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear response of soft-mode excitations in polycrystalline acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is studied with two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the correlation of CH_{3} rotational modes with collective oscillations of π electrons drives the system into the nonperturbative regime of light-matter interaction, even for a moderate strength of the THz driving field on the order of 50 kV/cm. Nonlinear absorption around 1.1 THz leads to a blueshifted coherent emission at 1.7 THz, revealing the dynamic breakup of the strong electron-phonon correlations. The observed behavior is reproduced by theoretical calculations including dynamic local-field correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Folpini
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Reimann
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Hoja
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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31
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THz Electric Field-Induced Second Harmonic Generation in Inorganic Ferroelectric. Sci Rep 2017; 7:687. [PMID: 28386081 PMCID: PMC5429639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Second Harmonic Generation induced by the electric field of a strong nearly single-cycle terahertz pulse with the peak amplitude of 300 kV/cm is studied in a classical inorganic ferroelectric thin film of (Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3. The dependences of the SHG intensity on the polarization of the incoming light is revealed and interpreted in terms of electric polarization induced in the plane of the film. As the THz pulse pumps the medium in the range of phononic excitations, the induced polarization is explained as a dynamical change of the ferrolectric order parameter. It is estimated that under action of the THz pulse the ferroelectric order parameter acquires an in-plane component up to 6% of the net polarization.
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32
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Morimoto T, Miyamoto T, Yamakawa H, Terashige T, Ono T, Kida N, Okamoto H. Terahertz-Field-Induced Large Macroscopic Polarization and Domain-Wall Dynamics in an Organic Molecular Dielectric. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:107602. [PMID: 28339244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A rapid polarization control in paraelectric materials is important for an ultrafast optical switching useful in the future optical communication. In this study, we applied terahertz-pump second-harmonic-generation-probe and optical-reflectivity-probe spectroscopies to the paraelectric neutral phase of an organic molecular dielectric, tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil and revealed that a terahertz pulse with the electric-field amplitude of ∼400 kV/cm produces in the subpicosecond time scale a large macroscopic polarization whose magnitude reaches ∼20% of that in the ferroelectric ionic phase. Such a large polarization generation is attributed to the intermolecular charge transfers and breathing motions of domain walls between microscopic neutral and ionic domains induced by the terahertz electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - H Yamakawa
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Terashige
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Ono
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - N Kida
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - H Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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33
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Coherent Excitation of Optical Phonons in GaAs by Broadband Terahertz Pulses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38264. [PMID: 27905563 PMCID: PMC5131294 DOI: 10.1038/srep38264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent excitation and control of lattice motion by electromagnetic radiation in optical frequency range has been reported through variety of indirect interaction mechanisms with phonon modes. However, coherent phonon excitation by direct interaction of electromagnetic radiation and nuclei has not been demonstrated experimentally in terahertz (THz) frequency range mainly due to the lack of THz emitters with broad bandwidth suitable for the purpose. We report the experimental observation of coherent phonon excitation and detection in GaAs using ultrafast THz-pump/optical-probe scheme. From the results of THz pump field dependence, pump/probe polarization dependence, and crystal orientation dependence, we attributed THz wave absorption and linear electro-optic effect to the excitation and detection mechanisms of coherent polar TO phonons. Furthermore, the carrier density dependence of the interaction of coherent phonons and free carriers is reported.
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34
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Wall S, Trigo M. Recent Developments in Ultrafast X-ray Techniques for Materials Science Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2016.1220273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Cremons DR, Plemmons DA, Flannigan DJ. Femtosecond electron imaging of defect-modulated phonon dynamics. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11230. [PMID: 27079790 PMCID: PMC4835536 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise manipulation and control of coherent lattice oscillations via nanostructuring and phonon-wave interference has the potential to significantly impact a broad array of technologies and research areas. Resolving the dynamics of individual phonons in defect-laden materials presents an enormous challenge, however, owing to the interdependent nanoscale and ultrafast spatiotemporal scales. Here we report direct, real-space imaging of the emergence and evolution of acoustic phonons at individual defects in crystalline WSe2 and Ge. Via bright-field imaging with an ultrafast electron microscope, we are able to image the sub-picosecond nucleation and the launch of wavefronts at step edges and resolve dispersion behaviours during propagation and scattering. We discover that the appearance of speed-of-sound (for example, 6 nm ps(-1)) wavefronts are influenced by spatially varying nanoscale strain fields, taking on the appearance of static bend contours during propagation. These observations provide unprecedented insight into the roles played by individual atomic and nanoscale features on acoustic-phonon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Cremons
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Dayne A Plemmons
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - David J Flannigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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36
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Kawada Y, Yasuda T, Takahashi H. Carrier envelope phase shifter for broadband terahertz pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:986-989. [PMID: 26974097 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated controlled shifting of the internal phase of broadband terahertz (THz) pulses. The internal phase of an ultrashort pulse is called the carrier envelope phase (CEP), which is an important parameter in the interaction of few-cycle light pulses and matter. Our CEP shifter utilizes the ultra-broadband feature of prism wave plates. We analytically derived the amount of CEP shift achievable by the CEP shifter using Jones matrixes. THz time-domain measurements clearly showed the shift of the CEP, and the results agreed well with the calculated values. The CEP shift was as high as 2π, indicating that any CEP values can be chosen using our CEP shifter.
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37
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Stepanov AG, Hauri CP. Short X-ray pulses from third-generation light sources. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:141-151. [PMID: 26698056 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515019281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-brightness X-ray radiation produced by third-generation synchrotron light sources (TGLS) has been used for numerous time-resolved investigations in many different scientific fields. The typical time duration of X-ray pulses delivered by these large-scale machines is about 50-100 ps. A growing number of time-resolved studies would benefit from X-ray pulses with two or three orders of magnitude shorter duration. Here, techniques explored in the past for shorter X-ray pulse emission at TGLS are reviewed and the perspective towards the realisation of picosecond and sub-picosecond X-ray pulses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Stepanov
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C P Hauri
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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38
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Terahertz-induced acceleration of massive Dirac electrons in semimetal bismuth. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15870. [PMID: 26522668 PMCID: PMC4629143 DOI: 10.1038/srep15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirac-like electrons in solid state have been of great interest since they exhibit many peculiar physical behaviors analogous to relativistic mechanics. Among them, carriers in graphene and surface states of topological insulators are known to behave as massless Dirac fermions with a conical band structure in the two-dimensional momentum space, whereas electrons in semimetal bismuth (Bi) are expected to behave as massive Dirac-like fermions in the three-dimensional momentum space, whose dynamics is of particular interest in comparison with that of the massless Dirac fermions. Here, we demonstrate that an intense terahertz electric field transient accelerates the massive Dirac-like fermions in Bi from classical Newtonian to the relativistic regime; the electrons are accelerated approaching the effective "speed of light" with the "relativistic" beta β = 0.89 along the asymptotic linear band structure. As a result, the effective electron mass is enhanced by a factor of 2.4.
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39
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Lu J, Hwang HY, Li X, Lee SH, Kwon OP, Nelson KA. Tunable multi-cycle THz generation in organic crystal HMQ-TMS. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:22723-22729. [PMID: 26368240 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.022723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of continuously tunable multi-cycle THz pulses with center frequencies from 0.3 to 0.8 THz in the organic nonlinear crystal, HMQ-TMS [2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1-methylquinolinium 2,-4,-6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate], by collinearly phase matched optical rectification of temporally shaped 800 nm pulses. The generation of harmonic frequency components inherent in the pulse shaper is selectively suppressed by varying the generation crystal thickness. THz pulses generated from HMQ-TMS show up to 20 times higher pulse energies compared to the benchmark inorganic THz generator ZnTe under identical conditions. The THz energy conversion efficiencies are measured to be on the order of 10(-5).
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40
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Yoshioka K, Minami Y, Shudo KI, Dao TD, Nagao T, Kitajima M, Takeda J, Katayama I. Terahertz-field-induced nonlinear electron delocalization in Au nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1036-1040. [PMID: 25559640 DOI: 10.1021/nl503916t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Improved control over the electromagnetic properties of metal nanostructures is indispensable for the development of next-generation integrated nanocircuits and plasmonic devices. The use of terahertz (THz)-field-induced nonlinearity is a promising approach to controlling local electromagnetic properties. Here, we demonstrate how intense THz electric fields can be used to modulate electron delocalization in percolated gold (Au) nanostructures on a picosecond time scale. We prepared both isolated and percolated Au nanostructures deposited on high resistivity Si(100) substrates. With increasing the applied THz electric fields, large opacity in the THz transmission spectra takes place in the percolated nanostructures; the maximum THz-field-induced transmittance difference, 50% more, is reached just above the percolation threshold thickness. Fitting the experimental data to a Drude-Smith model, we found furthermore that the localization parameter and the damping constant strongly depend on the applied THz-field strength. These results show that ultrafast nonlinear electron delocalization proceeds via strong electric field of THz pulses; the intense THz electric field modulates the backscattering rate of localized electrons and induces electron tunneling between Au nanostructures across the narrow insulating bridges without any material breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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41
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Yoshida T, Kamada S, Aoki T. Elimination of the chirp of narrowband terahertz pulses generated by chirped pulse beating using a tandem grating pair laser pulse stretcher. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:23679-23685. [PMID: 25321834 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.023679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the elimination of the chirp of narrowband terahertz pulses generated by chirped laser pulse beating using a laser pulse stretcher with two grating pairs that cancel out the third-order spectral phase. First, we show that positively chirped terahertz pulses can be generated using a pulse stretcher with a grating pair and internal lenses. We then combine this with a second grating pair, the spectral phase of which has the opposite sign to that of the first one. By varying the separation of the second grating pair, we experimentally verify that the chirp of the generated terahertz pulses can be eliminated.
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42
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Wu L, Jiang L, Sheng Q, Ding X, Yao J. Optical tuning of dielectric properties of SrTiO3:Fe in the terahertz range. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:2581-2583. [PMID: 23939118 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuning of the dielectric permittivity spectra of iron-doped strontium titanate (SrTiO3:Fe) single crystals in an external optical field is investigated at room temperature by means of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Application of the optical field leads to an appreciable tuning of the permittivity, which reaches up to 3.8%. The observed behavior is interpreted in terms of soft-mode hardening due to the anharmonic character of its potential. We also find that the change of refractive index has a linear relationship on scale with the applied light power. These findings are attributed to the internal space charge field of photorefraction caused by the excited free carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Institute of Laser and Opto-electronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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43
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Katayama I, Akai R, Bito M, Matsubara E, Ashida M. Electric field detection of phase-locked near-infrared pulses using photoconductive antenna. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:16248-16254. [PMID: 23938475 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.016248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that a photoconductive antenna gated with 5-fs ultrashort laser pulses can detect electric field transients of near-infrared pulses at least up to 180 THz. Measured sensitivity spectrum of the antenna shows a good agreement with a simple calculation, demonstrating the promising capability of the antenna to near infrared spectroscopy. Using this setup, near-infrared time-domain spectroscopy and characterization of phase controlled near-infrared pulses are demonstrated. Observed absorption spectrum of a polystyrene film and complex refractive index dispersion of a fused silica plate both agree well with those obtained by the conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Katayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
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