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Tomm N, Mahmoodian S, Antoniadis NO, Schott R, Valentin SR, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Javadi A, Warburton RJ. Photon bound state dynamics from a single artificial atom. NATURE PHYSICS 2023; 19:857-862. [PMID: 37323806 PMCID: PMC10264240 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023-01997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between photons and a single two-level atom constitutes a fundamental paradigm in quantum physics. The nonlinearity provided by the atom leads to a strong dependence of the light-matter interface on the number of photons interacting with the two-level system within its emission lifetime. This nonlinearity unveils strongly correlated quasiparticles known as photon bound states, giving rise to key physical processes such as stimulated emission and soliton propagation. Although signatures consistent with the existence of photon bound states have been measured in strongly interacting Rydberg gases, their hallmark excitation-number-dependent dispersion and propagation velocity have not yet been observed. Here we report the direct observation of a photon-number-dependent time delay in the scattering off a single artificial atom-a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to an optical cavity. By scattering a weak coherent pulse off the cavity-quantum electrodynamics system and measuring the time-dependent output power and correlation functions, we show that single photons and two- and three-photon bound states incur different time delays, becoming shorter for higher photon numbers. This reduced time delay is a fingerprint of stimulated emission, where the arrival of two photons within the lifetime of an emitter causes one photon to stimulate the emission of another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Tomm
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sahand Mahmoodian
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha R. Valentin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D. Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alisa Javadi
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Wang L, Liu M, Yu S, Xu P, He X, Wang K, Wang J, Zhan M. Effect of an echo sequence to a trapped single-atom interferometer with photon momentum kicks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15038-15049. [PMID: 32403537 DOI: 10.1364/oe.385700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a single-atom interferometer (SAI) in an optical dipole trap (ODT) with photon momentum kicks. An echo sequence is used for the SAI. We find experimentally that interference visibilities of a counter-propagating Raman type SAI decay much faster than the co-propagating case. To understand the underlying mechanism, a wave-packet propagating simulation is developed for the ODT-guided SAI. We show that in state dependent dipole potentials, the coupling between external dynamics and internal states makes the atom evolve in different paths during the interfering process. The acquired momentum from counter-propagating Raman pulses forces the external motional wave packets of two paths be completely separated and the interferometer visibility decays quickly compared to that of the co-propagating Raman pulses process. Meanwhile, the echo interference visibility experiences revival or instantaneous collapse which depends on the π pulse adding time at approximate integer multiples or half integer multiples of the trap period.
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Calajó G, Fang YLL, Baranger HU, Ciccarello F. Exciting a Bound State in the Continuum through Multiphoton Scattering Plus Delayed Quantum Feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:073601. [PMID: 30848634 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Excitation of a bound state in the continuum (BIC) through scattering is problematic since it is by definition uncoupled. Here, we consider a type of dressed BIC and show that it can be excited in a nonlinear system through multiphoton scattering and delayed quantum feedback. The system is a semi-infinite waveguide with linear dispersion coupled to a qubit, in which a single-photon, dressed BIC is known to exist. We show that this BIC can be populated via multiphoton scattering in the non-Markovian regime, where the photon delay time (due to the qubit-mirror distance) is comparable with the qubit's decay. A similar process excites the BIC existing in an infinite waveguide coupled to two distant qubits, thus yielding stationary entanglement between the qubits. This shows, in particular, that single-photon trapping via multiphoton scattering can occur without band edge effects or cavities, the essential resource being instead the delayed quantum feedback provided by a single mirror or the emitters themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calajó
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yao-Lung L Fang
- Department of Physics, Duke University, P.O. Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Harold U Baranger
- Department of Physics, Duke University, P.O. Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - Francesco Ciccarello
- Department of Physics, Duke University, P.O. Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italia
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Sánchez-Burillo E, García-Ripoll J, Martín-Moreno L, Zueco D. Nonlinear quantum optics in the (ultra)strong light-matter coupling. Faraday Discuss 2015; 178:335-56. [PMID: 25760380 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00206g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The propagation of N photons in one dimensional waveguides coupled to M qubits is discussed, both in the strong and ultrastrong qubit-waveguide coupling. Special emphasis is placed on the characterisation of the nonlinear response and its linear limit for the scattered photons as a function of N, M, qubit inter distance and light-matter coupling. The quantum evolution is numerically solved via the matrix product states technique. The time evolutions for both the field and qubits are computed. The nonlinear character (as a function of N/M) depends on the computed observable. While perfect reflection is obtained for N/M≅1, photon-photon correlations are still resolved for ratios N/M=non-zero. Inter-qubit distance enhances the nonlinear response. Moving to the ultrastrong coupling regime, we observe that inelastic processes are robust against the number of qubits and that the qubit-qubit interaction mediated by the photons is qualitatively modified. The theory developed in this work models experiments in circuit QED, photonic crystals and dielectric waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sánchez-Burillo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón y Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50009, Spain
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Sanchez-Burillo E, Zueco D, Garcia-Ripoll JJ, Martin-Moreno L. Scattering in the ultrastrong regime: nonlinear optics with one photon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:263604. [PMID: 25615332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The scattering of a flying photon by a two-level system ultrastrongly coupled to a one-dimensional photonic waveguide is studied numerically. The photonic medium is modeled as an array of coupled cavities and the whole system is analyzed beyond the rotating wave approximation using matrix product states. It is found that the scattering is strongly influenced by the single- and multiphoton dressed bound states present in the system. In the ultrastrong coupling regime a new channel for inelastic scattering appears, where an incident photon deposits energy into the qubit, exciting a photon-bound state, and escaping with a lower frequency. This single-photon nonlinear frequency conversion process can reach up to 50% efficiency. Other remarkable features in the scattering induced by counterrotating terms are a blueshift of the reflection resonance and a Fano resonance due to long-lived excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sanchez-Burillo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon and Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50012 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Zueco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon and Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50012 Zaragoza, Spain and Fundacion ARAID, Paseo Maria Agustin 36, E-50004 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J J Garcia-Ripoll
- Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Martin-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon and Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50012 Zaragoza, Spain
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Werlang T, Marchiori MA, Cornelio MF, Valente D. Optimal rectification in the ultrastrong coupling regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:062109. [PMID: 25019727 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.062109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of ultrastrong coupling on the transport of heat. In particular, we present a condition for optimal rectification, i.e., flow of heat in one direction and complete isolation in the opposite direction. We show that the strong-coupling formalism is necessary for correctly describing heat flow in a wide range of parameters, including moderate to low couplings. We present a situation in which the strong-coupling formalism predicts optimal rectification whereas the phenomenological approach predicts no heat flow in any direction, for the same parameter values.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Werlang
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá MT, Brazil
| | - M A Marchiori
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá MT, Brazil
| | - M F Cornelio
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá MT, Brazil
| | - D Valente
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá MT, Brazil
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Yan WB, Fan H. Single-photon quantum router with multiple output ports. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4820. [PMID: 24769619 PMCID: PMC4001095 DOI: 10.1038/srep04820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The routing capability is a requisite in quantum network. Although the quantum routing of signals has been investigated in various systems both in theory and experiment, the general form of quantum routing with many output terminals still needs to be explored. Here we propose a scheme to achieve the multi-channel quantum routing of the single photons in a waveguide-emitter system. The channels are composed by the waveguides and are connected by intermediate two-level emitters. By adjusting the intermediate emitters, the output channels of the input single photons can be controlled. This is demonstrated in the cases of one output channel, two output channels and the generic N output channels. The results show that the multi-channel quantum routing of single photons can be well achieved in the proposed system. This offers a scheme for the experimental realization of general quantum routing of single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Yan WB, Huang JF, Fan H. Tunable single-photon frequency conversion in a Sagnac interferometer. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3555. [PMID: 24352185 PMCID: PMC6506444 DOI: 10.1038/srep03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum information carriers like photons might be manipulated, stored and transmitted in different quantum systems. It is important to integrate those systems efficiently. The capability of converting photons from one wavelength to another wavelength is a key requirement for combining the photons in telecommunications band for quantum transmission and the photons in near-visible band for quantum storage. Here, we investigate the tunable single-photon frequency conversion in the five-level emitter-Sagnac interferometer system. We show that the efficient single-photon conversion can be achieved in this scheme, at the same time, the frequencies of the input and output photons can be tuned in a large scale by controlling the frequencies and Rabi frequencies of the external driving fields. The realization of this scheme may lead to the efficient combination of quantum storage system with the quantum communication system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin-Feng Huang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China [2] Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Zheng H, Baranger HU. Persistent quantum beats and long-distance entanglement from waveguide-mediated interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:113601. [PMID: 25166530 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study photon-photon correlations and entanglement generation in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to two qubits with an arbitrary spatial separation. To treat the combination of nonlinear elements and 1D continuum, we develop a novel Green function method. The vacuum-mediated qubit-qubit interactions cause quantum beats to appear in the second-order correlation function. We go beyond the Markovian regime and observe that such quantum beats persist much longer than the qubit lifetime. A high degree of long-distance entanglement can be generated, increasing the potential of waveguide-QED systems for scalable quantum networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixiu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Duke University, P.O. Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Harold U Baranger
- Department of Physics, Duke University, P.O. Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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