1
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Fan B, Pongó T, Cruz Hidalgo R, Börzsönyi T. Effect of Particle Shape on the Flow of an Hourglass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:058201. [PMID: 39159093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.058201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The flow rate of a granulate out of a cylindrical container is studied as a function of particle shape for flat and elongated ellipsoids experimentally and numerically. We find a nonmonotonic dependence of the flow rate on the grain aspect ratio a/b. Starting from spheres the flow rate grows and has two maxima around the aspect ratios of a/b≈0.6 (lentil-like ellipsoids) and a/b≈1.5 (ricelike ellipsoids) reaching a flow rate increase of about 15% for lentils compared to spheres. For even more anisometric shapes (a/b=0.25 and a/b=4) the flow rate drops. Our results reveal two contributing factors to the nonmonotonic nature of the flow rate: both the packing fraction and the particle velocity through the orifice are nonmonotonic functions of the grain shape. Thus, particles with slightly nonspherical shapes not only form a better packing in the silo but also move faster through the orifice than spheres. We also show that the resistance of the granulate against shearing increases with aspect ratio for both elongated and flat particles; thus change in the effective friction of the granulate due to changing particle shape does not coincide with the trend in the flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tivadar Pongó
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Collective Dynamics Lab, Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 215306, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Agrawal P, Zhuang S, Dreher S, Mitter S, Ahmed D. SonoPrint: Acoustically Assisted Volumetric 3D Printing for Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2408374. [PMID: 39049689 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Advances in additive manufacturing in composites have transformed aerospace, medical devices, tissue engineering, and electronics. A key aspect of enhancing properties of 3D-printed objects involves fine-tuning the material by embedding and orienting reinforcement within the structure. Existing methods for orienting these reinforcements are limited by pattern types, alignment, and particle characteristics. Acoustics offers a versatile method to control the particles independent of their size, geometry, and charge, enabling intricate pattern formations. However, integrating acoustics into 3D printing has been challenging due to the scattering of the acoustic field between polymerized layers and unpolymerized resin, resulting in unwanted patterns. To address this challenge, SonoPrint, an innovative acoustically assisted volumetric 3D printer is developed that enables simultaneous reinforcement patterning and printing of the entire structure. SonoPrint generates mechanically tunable composite geometries by embedding reinforcement particles, such as microscopic glass, metal, and polystyrene, within the fabricated structure. This printer employs a standing wave field to create targeted particle motifs-including parallel lines, radial lines, circles, rhombuses, hexagons, and polygons-directly in the photosensitive resin, completing the print in just a few minutes. SonoPrint enhances structural properties and promises to advance volumetric printing, unlocking applications in tissue engineering, biohybrid robots, and composite fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Agrawal
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shengyang Zhuang
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Dreher
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarthak Mitter
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Sun Y, Wang C, Yang J, Shi W, Pang Q, Wang Y, Li J, Hu B, Xia C. Evident structural anisotropies arising from near-zero particle asphericity in granular spherocylinder packings. Phys Rev E 2024; 110:014903. [PMID: 39161035 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.014903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
With magnetic resonance imaging experiments, we study packings of granular spherocylinders with merely 2% asphericity. Evident structural anisotropies across all length scales are identified. Most interestingly, the global nematic order decreases with increasing packing fraction, while the local contact anisotropy shows an opposing trend. We attribute this counterintuitive phenomenon to a competition between gravity-driven ordering aided by frictional contacts and a geometric frustration effect at the marginally jammed state. It is also surprising to notice that such slight particle asphericity can trigger non-negligible correlations between contact-level and mesoscale structures, manifested in drastically different nonaffine structural rearrangements upon compaction from that of granular spheres. These observations can help improve statistical mechanical models for the orientational order transformation of nonspherical granular particle packings, which involves complex interplays between particle shape, frictional contacts, and external force field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yujie Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
- Department of Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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4
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Anzivino C, Ness C, Moussa AS, Zaccone A. Shear flow of non-Brownian rod-sphere mixtures near jamming. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L042601. [PMID: 38755845 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l042601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We use the discrete element method, taking particle contact and hydrodynamic lubrication into account, to unveil the shear rheology of suspensions of frictionless non-Brownian rods in the dense packing fraction regime. We find that, analogously to the random close packing volume fraction, the shear-driven jamming point of this system varies in a nonmonotonic fashion as a function of the rod aspect ratio. The latter strongly influences how the addition of rodlike particles affects the rheological response of a suspension of frictionless non-Brownian spheres to an external shear flow. At fixed values of the total (rods plus spheres) packing fraction, the viscosity of the suspension is reduced by the addition of "short"(≤2) rods but is instead increased by the addition of "long"(≥2) rods. A mechanistic interpretation is provided in terms of packing and excluded-volume arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Anzivino
- Department of Physics "A. Pontremoli", University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher Ness
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alessio Zaccone
- Department of Physics "A. Pontremoli", University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
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5
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Dong YX, Zhang ZT, Zhang XD, Cao BY. Orientation of graphene nanosheets in suspension under an electric field: theoretical model and molecular dynamic simulations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:255702. [PMID: 38457833 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad31be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Orientation regulation of nanoparticles in a suspension by an electric field is a powerful tool to tune its mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical properties etc. However, how molecular modification can affect the orientation of two-dimensional nanoparticles is still unclear. In this paper, the influence of molecular modification on the orientation of graphene nanosheets (GNS) in water was investigated through theoretical analyses and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Firstly, a new orientation angle model was proposed, which considers hydration effects, dipole moments and resistance torque. Then, MD simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of position, direction, type, and number of functional groups on the orientation of GNS. The trend observed in MD simulations is consistent with the proposed theoretical model. The results reveal that, under the combined influence of the dipole moment and hydration effects, the modification with hydrophilic functional groups can reduce the orientation angle from 21.31° to 8.34°, while the modification with hydrophobic functional groups increases it to 26.43°. Among the hydrophilic functional groups, orientation of hydroxylated GNS is the best. With an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups, orientation angle is decreased from 12.61° to 8.34°. This work can provide valuable guidance for the design of high-performance suspensions and composites, such as thermal smart materials with adjustable thermal conductivity and intelligent devices with tailored capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Dong
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Yang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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6
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Libál A, Stepanov S, Reichhardt C, Reichhardt CJO. Dynamic phases and combing effects for elongated particles moving over quenched disorder. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7937-7943. [PMID: 37814545 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
We consider a two-dimensional system of elongated particles driven over a landscape containing randomly placed pinning sites. For varied pinning site density, external drive magnitude, and particle elongation, we find a wide variety of dynamic phases, including random structures, stripe or combed phases with nematic order, and clogged states. The different regimes can be identified by examining nematic ordering, cluster size, number of pinned particles, and transverse diffusion. In some regimes we find that the pinning can enhance the particle alignment, producing a nonmonotonic signature in the nematic ordering with a maximum at a particular combination of pinning density and drive. The optimal nematic occurs when a sufficient number of particles can be pinned, generating a local shear and leading to what we call a combing effect. At high drives, the combing effect is reduced when the number of pinned particles decreases. For stronger pinning, the particles form a heterogeneous clustered or clogged state that depins into a fluctuating state with high diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Libál
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj 400084, Romania
| | - S Stepanov
- Physics Department, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj 400084, Romania
| | - C Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - C J O Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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7
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Fan B, Zuriguel I, Dijksman JA, van der Gucht J, Börzsönyi T. Elongated particles discharged with a conveyor belt in a two-dimensional silo. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:044902. [PMID: 37978696 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.044902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The flow of elliptical particles out of a two-dimensional silo when extracted with a conveyor belt is analyzed experimentally. The conveyor belt-placed directly below the silo outlet-reduces the flow rate, increases the size of the stagnant zone, and it has a very strong influence on the relative velocity fluctuations as they strongly increase everywhere in the silo with decreasing belt speed. In other words, instead of slower but smooth flow, flow reduction by belt leads to intermittent flow. Interestingly, we show that this intermittency correlates with a strong reduction of the orientational order of the particles at the orifice region. Moreover, we observe that the average orientation of the grains passing through the outlet is modified when they are extracted with the belt, a feature that becomes more evident for large orifices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iker Zuriguel
- Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamás Börzsönyi
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Zou Y, Ma G, Zhao S, Chen S, Zhou W. Particle shape transforms the driving of shear stress in granular materials. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Amereh M, Nadler B. Orientational-induced strain hardening of axisymmetric grains. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:L042901. [PMID: 36397499 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.l042901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rheological response of oriented axisymmetric grains has additional degrees of complexity associated with their microstructure orientation. These additional kinematic degrees of freedom that give rise to complex transient macroscale rheological responses are not well understood. In this Letter, we study the rheology of axisymmetric grains subjected to transient flow. We identify strong coupling between the microstructure rearrangement and strain hardening which, under certain conditions, can yield jamming. We identify the critical conditions corresponding to jamming and the dependency on the shape of the grains. It is shown that this is a particular form of jamming that is directional in nature, since unjamming occurs if the shear direction is reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amereh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - B Nadler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
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10
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Pongó T, Börzsönyi T, Cruz Hidalgo R. Discharge of elongated grains in silos under rotational shear. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034904. [PMID: 36266860 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of elongated particles from a silo with rotating bottom is investigated numerically. The introduction of a slight transverse shear reduces the flow rate Q by up to 70% compared with stationary bottom, but the flow rate shows a modest increase by further increasing the external shear. Focusing on the dependency of flow rate Q on orifice diameter D, the spheres and rods show two distinct trends. For rods, in the small-aperture limit Q seems to follow an exponential trend, deviating from the classical power-law dependence. These macroscopic observations are in good agreement with our earlier experimental findings [Phys. Rev. E 103, 062905 (2021)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.103.062905]. With the help of the coarse-graining methodology we obtain the spatial distribution of the macroscopic density, velocity, kinetic pressure, and orientation fields. This allows us detecting a transition from funnel to mass flow pattern caused by the external shear. Additionally, averaging these fields in the region of the orifice reveals that the strong initial decrease in Q is mostly attributed to changes in the flow velocity, while the weakly increasing trend at higher rotation rates is related to increasing packing fraction. Similar analysis of the grain orientation at the orifice suggests a correlation of the flow rate magnitude with the vertical orientation and the packing fraction at the orifice with the order of the grains. Lastly, the vertical profile of mean acceleration at the center of the silo denotes that the region where the acceleration is not negligible shrinks significantly due to the strong perturbation induced by the moving wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tivadar Pongó
- Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Börzsönyi
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Raúl Cruz Hidalgo
- Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Ding Y, Yang J, Ou Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Hu B, Xia C. Structural evolution of granular cubes packing during shear-induced ordering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:224003. [PMID: 35263715 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5c22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Packings of granular particles may transform into ordered structures under external agitation, which is a special type of out-of-equilibrium self-assembly. Here, evolution of the internal packing structures of granular cubes under cyclic rotating shearing has been analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Various order parameters, different types of contacts and clusters composed of face-contacting cubes, as well as the free volume regions in which each cube can move freely have been analyzed systematically to quantify the ordering process and the underlying mechanism of this granular self-assembly. The compaction process is featured by a first rapid formation of orientationally ordered local structures with faceted contacts, followed by further densification driven by free-volume maximization with an almost saturated degree of order. The ordered structures are strongly anisotropic with contacting ordered layers in the vertical direction while remaining liquid-like in the horizontal directions. Therefore, the constraint of mechanical stability for granular packings and the thermodynamic principle of entropy maximization are both effective in this system, which we propose can be reconciled by considering different depths of supercooling associated with various degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Ou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwen Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjie Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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12
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DEM investigation of particle flow in a vertical rice mill: Influence of particle shape and rotation speed. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Berzi D, Buettner KE, Curtis JS. Dense shearing flows of soft, frictional cylinders. SOFT MATTER 2021; 18:80-88. [PMID: 34849518 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We perform discrete numerical simulations at a constant volume of dense, steady, homogeneous flows of true cylinders interacting via Hertzian contacts, with and without friction, in the absence of preferential alignment. We determine the critical values of the solid volume fraction and the average number of contacts per particle above which rate-independent components of the stresses develop, along with a sharp increase in the fluctuations of angular velocity. We show that kinetic theory, extended to account for a velocity correlation at solid volume fractions larger than 0.49, can quantitatively predict the measured fluctuations of translational velocity, at least for sufficiently rigid cylinders, for any value of the cylinder aspect ratio and friction investigated here. The measured pressure above and below the critical solid volume fraction is in agreement with a recent theory originally intended for spheres that conjugates extended kinetic theory, the finite duration of collisions between soft particles and the development of an elastic network of long-lasting contacts responsible for the rate-independency of the flows in the supercritical regime. Finally, we find that, for sufficiently rigid cylinders, the ratio of shear stress to pressure in the subcritical regime is a linear function of the ratio of the shear rate to a suitable measure of the fluctuations of translational velocity, in qualitative accordance with kinetic theory, with an intercept that increases with friction. A decrease in the particle stiffness gives rise to nonlinear effects that greatly diminishes the stress ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin E Buettner
- University of Florida, 32611 Gainesville, FL, USA
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, 77389 Spring, TX, USA
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14
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A study of ellipsoidal and spherical particle flow, clogging and unclogging dynamics. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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To K, Mo YK, Pongó T, Börzsönyi T. Discharge of elongated grains from silo with rotating bottom. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:062905. [PMID: 34271770 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.062905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the flow of elongated grains (wooden pegs of length L=20 mm with circular cross section of diameter d_{c}=6 and 8 mm) from a silo with a rotating bottom and a circular orifice of diameter D. In the small orifice range (D/d<5) clogs are mostly broken by the rotating base, and the flow is intermittent with avalanches and temporary clogs. Here d≡(3/2d_{c}^{2}L)^{1/3} is the effective grain diameter. Unlike for spherical grains, for rods the flow rate W clearly deviates from the power law dependence W∝(D-kd)^{2.5} at lower orifice sizes in the intermittent regime, where W is measured in between temporary clogs only. Instead, below about D/d<3 an exponential dependence W∝e^{κD} is detected. Here k and κ are constants of order unity. Even more importantly, rotating the silo base leads to a strong-more than 50%-decrease of the flow rate, which otherwise does not depend significantly on the value of ω in the continuous flow regime. In the intermittent regime, W(ω) appears to follow a nonmonotonic trend, although with considerable noise. A simple picture, in terms of the switching from funnel flow to mass flow and the alignment of the pegs due to rotation, is proposed to explain the observed difference between spherical and elongated grains. We also observe shear-induced orientational ordering of the pegs at the bottom such that their long axes in average are oriented at a small angle 〈θ〉≈15^{∘} to the motion of the bottom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwing To
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 119, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kai Mo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 119, Republic of China
| | - Tivadar Pongó
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.,Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tamás Börzsönyi
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Kim J, Lahlil K, Gacoin T, Kim J. Measuring the order parameter of vertically aligned nanorod assemblies. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7630-7637. [PMID: 33928956 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08452b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned nanorod assemblies are of great interest both for fundamental studies of anisotropic physical properties arising from the structures and for the development of functional devices utilizing such anisotropic characteristics. Simultaneous measurement of the homeotropic order parameter (Shomeo) of assemblies in dynamic states can allow further optimization of the assembly process and the device performance. Although many techniques (e.g. birefringence measurement, SAXS analysis, and high-resolution microscopy) have been proposed to characterise Shomeo, these do not yet meet the essential criteria such as for rapid, in situ and non-destructive analyses. Here, we propose a novel approach employing a unique photoluminescence behaviour of lanthanide-doped crystalline nanorods, of which the emission spectrum contains the detailed information on the structure of the assembly. We demonstrate a rapid in situ determination of Shomeo of Eu3+-doped NaYF4 nanorods of which the orientation is controlled under an external electric field. The method does not require the consideration of polarization and can be performed using a conventional fluorescence microscopy setup. This new methodology would provide a more in-depth examination of various assembled nanostructures and the collective dynamics of their building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmo Kim
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Khalid Lahlil
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Jongwook Kim
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
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17
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Madani M, Maleki M, Török J, Shaebani MR. Evolution of shear zones in granular packings under pressure. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1814-1820. [PMID: 33399618 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01768j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress transmission in realistic granular media often occurs under external load and in the presence of boundary slip. We investigate shear localization in a split-bottom Couette cell with smooth walls subject to a confining pressure experimentally and by means of numerical simulations. We demonstrate how the characteristics of the shear zone, such as its center position and width, evolve as the confining pressure and wall slip modify the local effective friction coefficient of the material. For increasing applied pressure, the shear zone evolves toward the center of the cylinder and grows wider and the angular velocity reduces compared to the driving rate of the bottom disk. Moreover, the presence of slip promotes the transition from open shear zones at the top surface to closed shear zones inside the bulk. We also systematically vary the ratio of the effective friction near the bottom plate and in the bulk in simulations and observe the resulting impact on the surface flow profile. Besides the boundary conditions and external load, material properties such as grain size are also known to influence the effective friction coefficient. However, our numerical results reveal that the center position and width of the shear zone are insignificantly affected by the choice of the grain size as far as it remains small compared to the radius of the rotating bottom disk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoush Madani
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Maniya Maleki
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran and Optics Research Center, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - János Török
- MTA-BME Morphodynamics Research Group, Department of Theoretical Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - M Reza Shaebani
- Department of Theoretical Physics & Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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18
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Cai R, Xiao H, Christov IC, Zhao Y. Diffusion of ellipsoidal granular particles in shear flow. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Cai
- Institute of Process Equipment Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Hongyi Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ivan C. Christov
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Yongzhi Zhao
- Institute of Process Equipment Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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19
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Marschall TA, Teitel S. Depletion forces in athermally sheared mixtures of frictionless disks and rods in two dimensions. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042908. [PMID: 33212568 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We carry out numerical simulations to study the behavior of an athermal mixture of frictionless circular disks and elongated rods in two dimensions, under three different types of global linear deformation at a finite strain rate: (i) simple shearing, (ii) pure shearing, and (iii) isotropic compression. We find that the fluctuations induced by such deformations lead to depletion forces that cause rods to group in parallel oriented clusters for the cases of simple and pure shear, but not for isotropic compression. For simple shearing, we find that as the fraction of rods increases, this clustering increases, leading to an increase in the average rate of rotation of the rods, and a decrease in the magnitude of their nematic ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Marschall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - S Teitel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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20
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21
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Heussinger C. Packings of frictionless spherocylinders. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:022903. [PMID: 32942494 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.022903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present simulation results on the properties of packings of frictionless spherocylindrical particles. Starting from a random distribution of particles in space, a packing is produced by minimizing the potential energy of interparticle contacts until a force-equilibrated state is reached. For different particle aspect ratios α=10⋯40, we calculate contacts z, pressure as well as bulk and shear modulus. Most important is the fraction f_{0}(α) of spherocylinders with contacts at both ends, as it governs the jamming threshold z_{c}(α)=8+2f_{0}(α). These results highlight the important role of the axial "sliding" degree of freedom of a spherocylinder, which is a zero-energy mode but only if no end contacts are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Heussinger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Zhao Y, Chew JW. Discrete element method study on hopper discharge behaviors of binary mixtures of nonspherical particles. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Membrane Technology CenterNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
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23
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Discrete Element Method Investigation of Binary Granular Flows with Different Particle Shapes. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13071841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of particle shape differences on binary mixture shear flows are investigated using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The binary mixtures consist of frictionless rods and disks, which have the same volume but significantly different shapes. In the shear flows, stacking structures of rods and disks are formed. The effects of the composition of the mixture on the stacking are examined. It is found that the number fraction of stacking particles is smaller for the mixtures than for the monodisperse rods and disks. For binary mixtures with small particle shape differences, the mixture stresses are bounded by the stresses of the two corresponding monodisperse systems. However, for binary mixtures with large particle shape differences, the stresses of the mixtures can be larger than the stresses of the monodisperse systems at large solid volume fractions because larger differences in particle shape cause geometrical interference in packing, leading to stronger particle–particle interactions in the flow. The stresses in dense binary mixtures are found to be exponential functions of the order parameter, which is a measure of particle alignment. Based on the simulation results, an empirical expression for the bulk friction coefficient (ratio of the shear stress to normal stress) for dense binary flows is proposed by accounting for the effects of particle alignment and solid volume fraction.
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24
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Rathee V, Arora S, Blair DL, Urbach JS, Sood AK, Ganapathy R. Role of particle orientational order during shear thickening in suspensions of colloidal rods. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:040601. [PMID: 32422733 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rheology of dense anisotropic colloidal suspensions often exhibits unsteady flow at constant imposed shear stress and/or shear rate. Using simultaneous high-resolution confocal microscopy and rheology, we find that the temporal behavior arises due to a strong coupling between shear flow and particle orientation. At smaller applied stresses, the orientation of rods fluctuates around the flow direction. A transition to an intermittent disordered state is observed at higher stresses when the angle between the flow and the rod orientation reaches a critical value. This disordered state is associated with transient drop in shear rate and an increase in viscosity. Simultaneous visualization of boundary stresses and orientation shows that the disordered regions lead to heterogeneous stresses and positive normal forces at the boundary, indicating the formation of systems spanning disordered particle contact networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Rathee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Srishti Arora
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Daniel L Blair
- Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Urbach
- Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rajesh Ganapathy
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560012, India
- School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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25
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Marschall TA, Teitel S. Shear-driven flow of athermal, frictionless, spherocylinder suspensions in two dimensions: Spatial structure and correlations. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032907. [PMID: 32289919 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We use numerical simulations to study the flow of athermal, frictionless, soft-core two-dimensional spherocylinders driven by a uniform steady-state simple shear applied at a fixed volume and a fixed finite strain rate γ[over ̇]. Energy dissipation is via a viscous drag with respect to a uniformly sheared host fluid, giving a simple model for flow in a non-Brownian suspension with Newtonian rheology. We study the resulting spatial structure of the sheared system, and compute correlation functions of the velocity, the particle density, the nematic order parameter, and the particle angular velocity. Correlations of density, nematic order, and angular velocity are shown to be short ranged both below and above jamming. We compare a system of size-bidisperse particles with a system of size-monodisperse particles, and argue how differences in spatial order as the packing increases lead to differences in the global nematic order parameter. We consider the effect of shearing on initially well ordered configurations, and show that in many cases the shearing acts to destroy the order, leading to the same steady-state ensemble as found when starting from random initial configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Marschall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - S Teitel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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26
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Marschall TA, Van Hoesen D, Teitel S. Shear-driven flow of athermal, frictionless, spherocylinder suspensions in two dimensions: Particle rotations and orientational ordering. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032901. [PMID: 32290000 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We use numerical simulations to study the flow of a bidisperse mixture of athermal, frictionless, soft-core two-dimensional spherocylinders driven by a uniform steady-state simple shear applied at a fixed volume and a fixed finite strain rate γ[over ̇]. Energy dissipation is via a viscous drag with respect to a uniformly sheared host fluid, giving a simple model for flow in a non-Brownian suspension with Newtonian rheology. Considering a range of packing fractions ϕ and particle asphericities α at small γ[over ̇], we study the angular rotation θ[over ̇]_{i} and the nematic orientational ordering S_{2} of the particles induced by the shear flow, finding a nonmonotonic behavior as the packing ϕ is varied. We interpret this nonmonotonic behavior as a crossover from dilute systems at small ϕ, where single-particle-like behavior occurs, to dense systems at large ϕ, where the geometry of the dense packing dominates and a random Poisson-like process for particle rotations results. We also argue that the finite nematic ordering S_{2} is a consequence of the shearing serving as an ordering field, rather than a result of long-range cooperative behavior among the particles. We arrive at these conclusions by consideration of (i) the distribution of waiting times for a particle to rotate by π, (ii) the behavior of the system under pure, as compared to simple, shearing, (iii) the relaxation of the nematic order parameter S_{2} when perturbed away from the steady state, and (iv) by construction, a numerical mean-field model for the rotational motion of a particle. Our results also help to explain the singular behavior observed when taking the α→0 limit approaching circular disks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Marschall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Daniel Van Hoesen
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - S Teitel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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27
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Chen B, Wu P, Xing H, Liu H, Li L, Wang L. Convection behavior of ellipsoidal particles in a quasi-two-dimensional bed under vertical vibration. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Stimuli induced cellulose nanomaterials alignment and its emerging applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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29
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Park D, Wershof E, Boeing S, Labernadie A, Jenkins RP, George S, Trepat X, Bates PA, Sahai E. Extracellular matrix anisotropy is determined by TFAP2C-dependent regulation of cell collisions. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:227-238. [PMID: 31659294 PMCID: PMC6989216 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The isotropic or anisotropic organization of biological extracellular matrices has important consequences for tissue function. We study emergent anisotropy using fibroblasts that generate varying degrees of matrix alignment from uniform starting conditions. This reveals that the early migratory paths of fibroblasts are correlated with subsequent matrix organization. Combined experimentation and adaptation of Vicsek modelling demonstrates that the reorientation of cells relative to each other following collision plays a role in generating matrix anisotropy. We term this behaviour 'cell collision guidance'. The transcription factor TFAP2C regulates cell collision guidance in part by controlling the expression of RND3. RND3 localizes to cell-cell collision zones where it downregulates actomyosin activity. Cell collision guidance fails without this mechanism in place, leading to isotropic matrix generation. The cross-referencing of alignment and TFAP2C gene expression signatures against existing datasets enables the identification and validation of several classes of pharmacological agents that disrupt matrix anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Park
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Esther Wershof
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna Labernadie
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert P Jenkins
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Samantha George
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul A Bates
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Erik Sahai
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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30
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Nath T, Heussinger C. Rheology in dense assemblies of spherocylinders: Frictional vs. frictionless. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:157. [PMID: 31863209 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the steady shear flow of dense assemblies of anisotropic spherocylindrical particles of varying aspect ratios. Comparing frictionless and frictional particles we discuss the specific role of frictional inter-particle forces for the rheological properties of the system. In the frictional system we evidence a shear-thickening regime, similar to that for spherical particles. Furthermore, friction suppresses the alignment of the spherocylinders along the flow direction. Finally, the jamming density in frictional systems is rather insensitive to variations in aspect ratio, quite contrary to what is known from frictionless systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Nath
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Heussinger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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31
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Lattanzi AM, Stickel JJ. Hopper flows of mixtures of spherical and rod‐like particles via the multisphere method. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Zhu L, Wang N, Lu H, Liu H. Effects of elongated particles rotation on discharge flow of mixed granular systems. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Marschall TA, Teitel S. Shear-driven flow of athermal, frictionless, spherocylinder suspensions in two dimensions: Stress, jamming, and contacts. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:032906. [PMID: 31639991 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.032906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use numerical simulations to study the flow of a bidisperse mixture of athermal, frictionless, soft-core two-dimensional spherocylinders driven by a uniform steady-state shear strain applied at a fixed finite rate. Energy dissipation occurs via a viscous drag with respect to a uniformly sheared host fluid, giving a simple model for flow in a non-Brownian suspension and resulting in a Newtonian rheology. We study the resulting pressure p and deviatoric shear stress σ of the interacting spherocylinders as a function of packing fraction ϕ, strain rate γ[over ̇], and a parameter α that measures the asphericity of the particles; α is varied to consider the range from nearly circular disks to elongated rods. We consider the direction of anisotropy of the stress tensor, the macroscopic friction μ=σ/p, and the divergence of the transport coefficient η_{p}=p/γ[over ̇] as ϕ is increased to the jamming transition ϕ_{J}. From a phenomenological analysis of Herschel-Bulkley rheology above jamming, we estimate ϕ_{J} as a function of asphericity α and show that the variation of ϕ_{J} with α is the main cause for differences in rheology as α is varied; when plotted as ϕ/ϕ_{J}, rheological curves for different α qualitatively agree. However, a detailed scaling analysis of the divergence of η_{p} for our most elongated particles suggests that the jamming transition of spherocylinders may be in a different universality class than that of circular disks. We also compute the number of contacts per particle Z in the system and show that the value at jamming Z_{J} is a nonmonotonic function of α that is always smaller than the isostatic value. We measure the probability distribution of contacts per unit surface length P(ϑ) at polar angle ϑ with respect to the spherocylinder spine and find that as α→0 this distribution seems to diverge at ϑ=π/2, giving a finite limiting probability for contacts on the vanishingly small flat sides of the spherocylinder. Finally, we consider the variation of the average contact force as a function of location on the particle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Marschall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - S Teitel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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34
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Gonzalez-Quiroga A, Kulkarni SR, Vandewalle L, Perreault P, Goel C, Heynderickx GJ, Van Geem KM, Marin GB. Azimuthal and radial flow patterns of 1g-Geldart B-type particles in a gas-solid vortex reactor. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Marschall T, Keta YE, Olsson P, Teitel S. Orientational Ordering in Athermally Sheared, Aspherical, Frictionless Particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:188002. [PMID: 31144891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.188002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We numerically simulate the uniform athermal shearing of bidisperse, frictionless, two-dimensional spherocylinders and three-dimensional prolate ellipsoids. We focus on the orientational ordering of particles as an asphericity parameter α→0 and particles approach spherical. We find that the nematic order parameter S_{2} is nonmonotonic in the packing fraction ϕ and that, as α→0, S_{2} stays finite at jamming and above. The approach to spherical particles thus appears to be singular. We also find that sheared particles continue to rotate above jamming and that particle contacts preferentially lie along the narrowest width of the particles, even as α→0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Marschall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Yann-Edwin Keta
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Département de Physique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Peter Olsson
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Teitel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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36
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Qi X, Lu Z, You EM, He Y, Zhang QE, Yi HJ, Li D, Ding SY, Jiang Y, Xiong X, Xu J, Ge D, Liu XY, Bai H. Nanocombing Effect Leads to Nanowire-Based, in-Plane, Uniaxial Thin Films. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12701-12712. [PMID: 30543280 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of thin films comprising ordered nanowire assemblies with emerging, precisely defined properties and adjustable functionalities enables highly integrated technologies in the fields of microelectronics and micro system technology, as well as for efficient power generation, storage, and utilization. Shear force, theoretically, is deemed the most promising method for obtaining in-plane, uniaxial thin films comprising nanowires. The success depends largely on the assembly process, and uniform structural control throughout multiple length scales can be achieved only if a rational strategy is executed. Here, we report that in shearing processes dopants such as lyotropic cellulose nanorods can give rise to the uniaxial alignment of V2O5· nH2O nanowires. Our systematic study indicates that this finding, namely, the nanocombing effect, can be a general principle for the continuous production of uniaxial thin films comprising densely packed nanowires varying in chemical composition and aspect ratios. Conversion of the V2O5· nH2O constituents via in situ oxidative polymerization leads to in-plane, uniaxial polyaniline (PANI) thin films with anisotropic electric and optical properties, which are otherwise difficult to fabricate due to the poor processability of PANI. The uniaxial PANI thin films can be utilized to fabricate flexible gas sensors for distinguishing various analytes, including similar homologues such as methanol and ethanol. We expect the methodology to be applied to a broad spectrum of synthetic and biogenic nanowires for the integration of their collective properties in high-performance electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Qi
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Zihao Lu
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - En-Ming You
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yuan He
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Qin-E Zhang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Han-Jing Yi
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Danyang Li
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Song-Yuan Ding
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xiaopeng Xiong
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Dongtao Ge
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xiang Yang Liu
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soft Functional Materials , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
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37
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Kou B, Cao Y, Li J, Xia C, Li Z, Dong H, Zhang A, Zhang J, Kob W, Wang Y. Translational and Rotational Dynamical Heterogeneities in Granular Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:018002. [PMID: 30028176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.018002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We use x-ray tomography to investigate the translational and rotational dynamical heterogeneities of a three dimensional hard ellipsoid granular packing driven by oscillatory shear. We find that particles which translate quickly form clusters with a size distribution given by a power law with an exponent that is independent of the strain amplitude. Identical behavior is found for particles that are translating slowly, rotating quickly, or rotating slowly. The geometrical properties of these four different types of clusters are the same as those of random clusters. Different cluster types are considerably correlated or anticorrelated, indicating a significant coupling between translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Surprisingly, these clusters are formed already at time scales that are much shorter than the α-relaxation time, in stark contrast to the behavior found in glass-forming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binquan Kou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixin Cao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jindong Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengjie Xia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haipeng Dong
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Walter Kob
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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38
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Szabó B, Kovács Z, Wegner S, Ashour A, Fischer D, Stannarius R, Börzsönyi T. Flow of anisometric particles in a quasi-two-dimensional hopper. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:062904. [PMID: 30011446 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.062904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The stationary flow field in a quasi-two-dimensional hopper is investigated experimentally. The behavior of materials consisting of beads and elongated particles with different aspect ratio is compared. We show, that while the vertical velocity in the flowing region can be fitted with a Gaussian function for beads, in the case of elongated grains the flowing channel is narrower and is bordered with sharper velocity gradient. For this case, we quantify deviations from the Gaussian velocity profile. Relative velocity fluctuations are considerably larger and slower for elongated grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Szabó
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kovács
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandra Wegner
- Institute of Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Institute of Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - David Fischer
- Institute of Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Stannarius
- Institute of Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Börzsönyi
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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39
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Nadler B, Guillard F, Einav I. Kinematic Model of Transient Shape-Induced Anisotropy in Dense Granular Flow. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:198003. [PMID: 29799231 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.198003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonspherical particles are ubiquitous in nature and industry, yet previous theoretical models of granular media are mostly limited to systems of spherical particles. The problem is that in systems of nonspherical anisotropic particles, dynamic particle alignment critically affects their mechanical response. To study the tendency of such particles to align, we propose a simple kinematic model that relates the flow to the evolution of particle alignment with respect to each other. The validity of the proposed model is supported by comparison with particle-based simulations for various particle shapes ranging from elongated rice-like (prolate) to flattened lentil-like (oblate) particles. The model shows good agreement with the simulations for both steady-state and transient responses, and advances the development of comprehensive constitutive models for shape-anisotropic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nadler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - F Guillard
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - I Einav
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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40
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Harrington M, Durian DJ. Anisotropic particles strengthen granular pillars under compression. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:012904. [PMID: 29448385 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.012904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We probe the effects of particle shape on the global and local behavior of a two-dimensional granular pillar, acting as a proxy for a disordered solid, under uniaxial compression. This geometry allows for direct measurement of global material response, as well as tracking of all individual particle trajectories. In general, drawing connections between local structure and local dynamics can be challenging in amorphous materials due to lower precision of atomic positions, so this study aims to elucidate such connections. We vary local interactions by using three different particle shapes: discrete circular grains (monomers), pairs of grains bonded together (dimers), and groups of three bonded in a triangle (trimers). We find that dimers substantially strengthen the pillar and the degree of this effect is determined by orientational order in the initial condition. In addition, while the three particle shapes form void regions at distinct rates, we find that anisotropies in the local amorphous structure remain robust through the definition of a metric that quantifies packing anisotropy. Finally, we highlight connections between local deformation rates and local structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Harrington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Douglas J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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41
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Nagy DB, Claudin P, Börzsönyi T, Somfai E. Rheology of dense granular flows for elongated particles. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:062903. [PMID: 29347339 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.062903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the rheology of dense granular flows for frictionless spherocylinders by means of 3D numerical simulations. As in the case of spherical particles, the effective friction μ is an increasing function of the inertial number I, and we systematically investigate the dependence of μ on the particle aspect ratio Q, as well as that of the normal stress differences, the volume fraction, and the coordination number. We show in particular that the quasistatic friction coefficient is nonmonotonic with Q: from the spherical case Q=1, it first sharply increases, reaches a maximum around Q≃1.05, and then gently decreases until Q=3, passing its initial value at Q≃2. We provide a microscopic interpretation for this unexpected behavior through the analysis of the distribution of dissipative contacts around the particles: as compared to spheres, slightly elongated grains enhance contacts in their central cylindrical band, whereas at larger aspect ratios particles tend to align and dissipate by preferential contacts at their hemispherical caps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel B Nagy
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Philippe Claudin
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, PMMH UMR 7636, ESPCI-CNRS-Université Paris-Diderot-Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tamás Börzsönyi
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ellák Somfai
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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42
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Asencio K, Acevedo M, Zuriguel I, Maza D. Experimental Study of Ordering of Hard Cubes by Shearing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:228002. [PMID: 29286785 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.228002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally analyze the compaction dynamics of an ensemble of cubic particles submitted to a novel type of excitation. Instead of the standard tapping procedure used in granular materials we apply alternative twists to the cylindrical container. Under this agitation, the development of shear forces among the different layers of cubes leads to particle alignment. As a result, the packing fraction grows monotonically with the number of twists. If the intensity of the excitations is sufficiently large, an ordered final state is reached where the volume fraction is the densest possible compatible with the boundary condition. This ordered final state resembles the tetratic or cubatic phases observed in colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Asencio
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - M Acevedo
- CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Monterrey, PIIT. 66600 Apodaca, Nuevo Len, Mexico
| | - I Zuriguel
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - D Maza
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain
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43
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Guillard F, Marks B, Einav I. Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8155. [PMID: 28811568 PMCID: PMC5557931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When granular materials flow, the constituent particles segregate by size and align by shape. The impacts of these changes in fabric on the flow itself are not well understood, and thus novel non-invasive means are needed to observe the interior of the material. Here, we propose a new experimental technique using dynamic X-ray radiography to make such measurements possible. The technique is based on Fourier transformation to extract spatiotemporal fields of internal particle size and shape orientation distributions during flow, in addition to complementary measurements of velocity fields through image correlation. We show X-ray radiography captures the bulk flow properties, in contrast to optical methods which typically measure flow within boundary layers, as these are adjacent to any walls. Our results reveal the rich dynamic alignment of particles with respect to streamlines in the bulk during silo discharge, the understanding of which is critical to preventing destructive instabilities and undesirable clogging. The ideas developed in this paper are directly applicable to many other open questions in granular and soft matter systems, such as the evolution of size and shape distributions in foams and biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Guillard
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Benjy Marks
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Itai Einav
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia. .,Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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44
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Harth K, Trittel T, Wegner S, Stannarius R. Cooling of 3D granular gases in microgravity experiments. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714004008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Török J, Lévay S, Szabó B, Somfai E, Wegner S, Stannarius R, Börzsönyi T. Arching in three-dimensional clogging. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714003076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Wang D, Zheng H, Behringer RP. A Granular System of Ellipses under Linear Shear. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714006003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Somfai E, Nagy DB, Claudin P, Favier A, Kálmán D, Börzsönyi T. Effective friction of granular flows made of non-spherical particles. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714003062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Berzi D, Thai-Quang N, Guo Y, Curtis J. Collisional dissipation rate in shearing flows of granular liquid crystals. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:050901. [PMID: 28618469 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We make use of discrete-element-method numerical simulations of inelastic frictionless cylinders in simple shearing at different length-to-diameter ratios and solid volume fractions to analyze the rate of collisional dissipation of the fluctuation kinetic energy. We show that the nonspherical geometry of the particles is responsible, by inducing rotation, for increasing the dissipation rate of the fluctuation kinetic energy with respect to that for frictionless spheres. We also suggest that the partial alignment of the cylinders induced by shearing concurs with the particle inelasticity in generating correlation in the velocity fluctuations and thus affecting the collisional dissipation rate as the solid volume fraction increases. Finally, we propose simple phenomenological modifications to the expression of the collisional dissipation rate of kinetic theory of granular gases to take into account our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Berzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nha Thai-Quang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Jennifer Curtis
- College of Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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49
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Weis S, Schröter M. Analyzing X-ray tomographies of granular packings. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:051809. [PMID: 28571396 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Starting from three-dimensional volume data of a granular packing, as, e.g., obtained by X-ray Computed Tomography, we discuss methods to first detect the individual particles in the sample and then analyze their properties. This analysis includes the pair correlation function, the volume and shape of the Voronoi cells, and the number and type of contacts formed between individual particles. We mainly focus on packings of monodisperse spheres, but we will also comment on other monoschematic particles such as ellipsoids and tetrahedra. This paper is accompanied by a package of free software containing all programs (including source code) and an example three-dimensional dataset which allows the reader to reproduce and modify all examples given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Weis
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schröter
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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50
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Börzsönyi T, Somfai E, Szabó B, Wegner S, Ashour A, Stannarius R. Elongated grains in a hopper. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714006017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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