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Zhong S, Zhang X, Gou J, Chen L, Wei SH, Yang SA, Lu Y. Lone-pair activated ferroelectricity and stable charged domain wall in Bi monolayer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8322. [PMID: 39333513 PMCID: PMC11436895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectricity has been predicted in two-dimensional Group-Va elemental materials and confirmed in high-quality Bi monolayers by a recent experiment. The origin of such elemental ferroelectricity is related to the spontaneous lattice distortion with atomic layer buckling. A surprising observation in experiment is the abundance of charged 180° head-to-head/tail-to-tail domain walls, distinct from conventional ferroelectrics, where the naturally occurring ferroelectric domain walls are mostly charge neutral. Here, we clarify the origin of this phenomenon. We find that distinct from conventional ferroelectrics, in such single-element ferroelectric monolayers, it is the strain energy rather than the electrostatic energy that dominates the energetics. This leads to intrinsically stable 180° charged domain walls. The orbital interaction and the lone-pair activation mechanism play a key role in this picture. We further predict and confirm experimentally that the most stable domain wall type changes from charged to neutral ones under small applied strain. Our work reveals a mechanism to generate polarization and stabilize intrinsic charged domain walls, which will shed light on potential applications of ferroelectronics based on charged domain walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhong
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xuanlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Gou
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Huai Wei
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan A Yang
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, IAPME, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yunhao Lu
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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2
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Li N, Lee HJ, Sri Gyan D, Ahn Y, Landahl EC, Carnis J, Lee JY, Kim TY, Unithrattil S, Jo JY, Chun SH, Kim S, Park SY, Eom I, Adamo C, Li SJ, Kaaret JZ, Schlom DG, Wen H, Benedek NA, Evans PG. Ultrafast Optically Induced Perturbation of Oxygen Octahedral Rotations in Multiferroic BiFeO 3 Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6417-6424. [PMID: 38710072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The functional properties of complex oxides, including magnetism and ferroelectricity, are closely linked to subtle structural distortions. Ultrafast optical excitations provide the means to manipulate structural features and ultimately to affect the functional properties of complex oxides with picosecond-scale precision. We report that the lattice expansion of multiferroic BiFeO3 following above-bandgap optical excitation leads to distortion of the oxygen octahedral rotation (OOR) pattern. The continuous coupling between OOR and strain was probed using time-resolved X-ray free-electron laser diffraction with femtosecond time resolution. Density functional theory calculations predict a relationship between the OOR and the elastic strain consistent with the experiment, demonstrating a route to employing this approach in a wider range of systems. Ultrafast control of the functional properties of BiFeO3 thin films is enabled by this approach because the OOR phenomena are related to ferroelectricity, and via the Fe-O-Fe bond angles, the superexchange interaction between Fe atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hyeon Jun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, South Korea
| | - Deepankar Sri Gyan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Youngjun Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eric C Landahl
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, United States
| | - Jerome Carnis
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille 13013, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Jun Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Tae Yeon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Sanjith Unithrattil
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Jo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Sae Hwan Chun
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Sunam Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Intae Eom
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Carolina Adamo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sabrina J Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeffrey Z Kaaret
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Haidan Wen
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nicole A Benedek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Paul G Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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3
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Varignon J. Unexpected Competition between Ferroelectricity and Rashba Effects in Epitaxially Strained SrTiO_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:106401. [PMID: 38518324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The Rashba parameter α_{R} is usually assumed to scale linearly with the amplitude of polar displacements by construction of the spin-orbit interaction. On the basis of first-principles simulations, ferroelectric phases of SrTiO_{3} reached under epitaxial compressive strain are characterized by (i) large Rashba effects at the bottom of the conduction band near the paraelectric-ferroelectric boundary and (ii) an unexpected suppression of the phenomena when the amplitude of polar displacements increases. This peculiar behavior is ascribed to the inverse dependence of the Rashba parameter with the crystal field Δ_{CF} induced by the polar displacements that alleviates the degeneracy of Ti t_{2g} states and annihilates the Rashba effects. Although α_{R} has intrinsically a linear dependance on polar displacements, the latter becomes antagonist to Rashba phenomena at large polar mode amplitude. Thus, the Rashba coefficient may be bound to an upper value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Varignon
- CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000 Caen, France
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4
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Cheng H, Jiao P, Wang J, Qing M, Deng Y, Liu JM, Bellaiche L, Wu D, Yang Y. Tunable and parabolic piezoelectricity in hafnia under epitaxial strain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:394. [PMID: 38195734 PMCID: PMC10776838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectrics are a class of functional materials that have been extensively used for application in modern electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologies. The sign of longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients is typically positive but recently a few ferroelectrics, such as ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) and van der Waals ferroelectric CuInP2S6, were experimentally found to have negative piezoelectricity. Here, using first-principles calculation and measurements, we show that the sign of the longitudinal linear piezoelectric coefficient of HfO2 can be tuned from positive to negative via epitaxial strain. Nonlinear and even parabolic piezoelectric behaviors are further found at tensile epitaxial strain. This parabolic piezoelectric behavior implies that the polarization decreases when increasing the magnitude of either compressive or tensile longitudinal strain, or, equivalently, that the strain increases when increasing the magnitude of electric field being either parallel or antiparallel to the direction of polarization. The unusual piezoelectric effects are from the chemical coordination of the active oxygen atoms. These striking piezoelectric features of positive and negative sign, as well as linear and parabolical behaviors, expand the current knowledge in piezoelectricity and broaden the potential of piezoelectric applications towards electro-mechanical and communications technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Peijie Jiao
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mingkai Qing
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Physics Department, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yurong Yang
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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5
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Tian H, Cui S, Fu L, Zhang H, Li C, Cui Y, Mao A. Strain-Induced Structural Phase Transitions in Epitaxial (001) BiCoO 3 Films: A First-Principles Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2342. [PMID: 37630927 PMCID: PMC10459104 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We have simulated BiCoO3 films epitaxially grown along (001) direction with density functional theory computations. Leading candidates for the lowest-energy phases have been identified. The tensile strains induce magnetic phase transition in the ground state (P4mm symmetry) from a C-type antiferromagnetic order to a G-type order for the in-plane lattice parameter above 3.922 Å. The G-type antiferromagnetic order will be maintained with larger tensile strains; however, a continuous structural phase transition will occur, combining the ferroelectric and antiferrodistortive modes. In particular, the larger tensile strain allows an isostructural transition, the so-called Cowley's ''Type Zero'' phase transitions, from Cc-(I) to Cc-(II), with a slight volume collapse. The orientation of ferroelectric polarization changes from the out-of-plane direction in the P4mm to the in-plane direction in the Pmc21 state under epitaxial tensile strain; meanwhile, the magnetic ordering temperature TN can be strikingly affected by the variation of misfit strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Shuqi Cui
- School of General Education, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China;
| | - Long Fu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chenggang Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yingqi Cui
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Aijie Mao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Cao Y, Tang YL, Zhu YL, Wang Y, Liu N, Zou MJ, Feng YP, Geng WR, Li C, Li D, Li Y, Wu B, Liu J, Gong F, Zhang Z, Ma XL. Polar Magnetism Above 600 K with High Adaptability in Perovskite Oxides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48052-48060. [PMID: 36226575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High magnetic order temperature, sustainable polar insulating state, and tolerance to device integrations are substantial advantages for applications in next-generation spintronics. However, engineering such functionality in a single-phase system remains a challenge owing to the contradicted chemical and electronic requirements for polar nature and magnetism, especially with an ordering state highly above room temperature. Perovskite-related oxides with unique flexibility allow electron-unpaired subsystems to merge into the polar lattice to induce magnetic interactions, combined with their inherent asymmetry, thereby promising polar magnet design. Herein, by atomic-level composition assembly, a family of Ti/Fe co-occupied perovskite oxide films Pb(Ti1-x,Fex)O3 (PFT(x)) with a Ruddlesden-Popper superstructure are successfully synthesized on several different substrates, demonstrating exceptional adaptability to different integration conditions. Furthermore, second-harmonic generation measurements convince the symmetry-breaking polar character. Notably, a ferromagnetic ground state up to 600 K and a steady insulating state far beyond room temperature were achieved simultaneously in these films. This strategy of constructing layered modular superlattices in perovskite oxides could be extended to other strongly correlated systems for triggering nontrivial quantum physical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Long Tang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Yin-Lian Zhu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Min-Jie Zou
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan-Peng Feng
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wan-Rong Geng
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changji Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Da Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghui Gong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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7
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Grosso BF, Spaldin NA, Tehrani AM. Physics-Guided Descriptors for Prediction of Structural Polymorphs. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7342-7349. [PMID: 35921428 PMCID: PMC9376952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We develop a method combining machine learning (ML) and density functional theory (DFT) to predict low-energy polymorphs by introducing physics-guided descriptors based on structural distortion modes. We systematically generate crystal structures utilizing the distortion modes and compute their energies with single-point DFT calculations. We then train a ML model to identify low-energy configurations on the material's high-dimensional potential energy surface. Here, we use BiFeO3 as a case study and explore its phase space by tuning the amplitudes of linear combinations of a finite set of distinct distortion modes. Our procedure is validated by rediscovering several known metastable phases of BiFeO3 with complex crystal structures, and its efficiency is proved by identifying 21 new low-energy polymorphs. This approach proposes a new avenue toward accelerating the prediction of low-energy polymorphs in solid-state materials.
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8
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Kaczkowski J, Pugaczowa-Michalska M, Płowaś-Korus I. Comparative density functional studies of pristine and doped bismuth ferrite polymorphs by GGA+U and meta-GGA SCAN+U. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8571-8584. [PMID: 33876019 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the effect of nonmagnetic dopants Al, Ga, Sc, and In at the Fe-site on the phase stability, structural, and electronic properties of different bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) polymorphs in the framework of density functional theory with the Hubbard U correction (DFT+U). We started our consideration from the determination of the magnitude of the U parameter. First, we calculated the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the rhombohedral R3c-G phase of BiFeO3 within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA for different values of the U. Next, we compared these results with those obtained within the parameter-free hybrid functional. After determining the optimal values of the Hubbard U parameter we analyzed the total energies between the selected BiFeO3 polymorphs without and with dopants within both GGA+U and SCAN+U. For all dopants the concentration was 12.5% which was close to their solubility limit in BiFeO3 under ambient conditions. We found that none of these dopants led to the structural phase transition. However, DFT+U calculations revealed that the doping of BiFeO3 with Al and Ga reduced the energy barrier between R3c-G and Cm-C phases whereas for Sc and In the energy difference between both phases increased. For the orthorhombic phases the considered dopants do not affect the energy barrier between them and the rhombohedral phase. In addition, the ferroelectric polarization does not change after replacing the Fe atom by the dopant for the all considered BiFeO3 polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kaczkowski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland.
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9
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Zhao HJ, Chen P, Prosandeev S, Artyukhin S, Bellaiche L. Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-like interaction in ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:341-345. [PMID: 33046858 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) between two magnetic moments mi and mj is of the form [Formula: see text]. It originates from spin-orbit coupling, and is at the heart of fascinating phenomena involving non-collinear magnetism, such as magnetic topological defects (for example, skyrmions) as well as spin-orbit torques and magnetically driven ferroelectricity, that are of significant fundamental and technological interest. In sharp contrast, its electric counterpart, which is an electric DMI characterized by its [Formula: see text] strength and describing an interaction between two polar displacements ui and uj, has rarely been considered, despite the striking possibility that it could also generate new features associated with non-collinear patterns of electric dipoles. Here we report first-principles simulations combined with group theoretical symmetry analysis which not only demonstrate that electric DMI does exist and has a one-to-one correspondence with its magnetic analogue, but also reveals a physical source for it. These findings can be used to explain and/or design phenomena of possible technological importance in ferroelectrics and multiferroics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jian Zhao
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Sergey Prosandeev
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sergey Artyukhin
- Quantum Materials Theory, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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10
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Cheng XR, Kuang XY, Cheng H, Tian H, Yang SM, Yu M, Dou XL, Mao AJ. Strain-induced structural phase transition, electric polarization and unusual electric properties in photovoltaic materials CsMI 3 (M = Pb, Sn). RSC Adv 2020; 10:12432-12438. [PMID: 35497588 PMCID: PMC9051086 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10791f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural phase transition, ferroelectric polarization, and electric properties have been investigated for photovoltaic films CsMI3 (M = Pb, Sn) epitaxially grown along (001) direction based on the density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the phase diagrams of two epitaxial CsPbI3 and CsSnI3 films are almost identical, except critical transition strains varying slightly. The epitaxial tensile strains induce two ferroelectric phases Pmc21, and Pmn21, while the compressive strains drive two paraelectric phases P212121, P21212. The larger compressive strain enhances the ferroelectric instability in these two films, eventually rendering them another ferroelectric state Pc. Whether CsPbI3 or CsSnI3, the total polarization of Pmn21 phase comes from the main contribution of B-position cations (Pb or Sn), whereas, for Pmc21 phase, the main contributor is the I ion. Moreover, the epitaxial strain effects on antiferrodistortive vector, polarization and band gap of CsMI3 (M = Pb, Sn) are further discussed. Unusual electronic properties under epitaxial strains are also revealed and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Xiao-Yu Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hao Tian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Si-Min Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Xi-Long Dou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ai-Jie Mao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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11
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Varignon J, Bristowe NC, Bousquet E, Ghosez P. Magneto-electric multiferroics: designing new materials from first-principles calculations. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In parallel with the revival of interest for magneto-electric multiferroic materials in the beginning of the century, first-principles simulations have grown incredibly in efficiency during the last two decades. Density functional theory calculations, in particular, have so become a must-have tool for physicists and chemists in the multiferroic community. While these calculations were originally used to support and explain experimental behaviour, their interest has progressively moved to the design of novel magneto-electric multiferroic materials. In this article, we mainly focus on oxide perovskites, an important class of multifunctional material, and review some significant advances to which contributed first-principles calculations. We also briefly introduce the various theoretical developments that were at the core of all these advances.
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12
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Lin LF, Zhang Y, Moreo A, Dagotto E, Dong S. Frustrated Dipole Order Induces Noncollinear Proper Ferrielectricity in Two Dimensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:067601. [PMID: 31491163 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.067601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Within Landau theory, magnetism and polarity are homotopic, displaying a one-to-one correspondence between most physical characteristics. However, despite widely reported noncollinear magnetism, spontaneous noncollinear electric dipole order as a ground state is rare. Here, a dioxydihalides family is predicted to display noncollinear ferrielectricity, induced by competing ferroelectric and antiferroelectric soft modes. This intrinsic of dipoles generates unique physical properties, such as Z_{2}×Z_{2} topological domains, atomic-scale dipole vortices, and negative piezoelectricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Lin
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Adriana Moreo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Elbio Dagotto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Shuai Dong
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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13
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Senn MS, Bristowe NC. A group-theoretical approach to enumerating magnetoelectric and multiferroic couplings in perovskites. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018; 74:308-321. [PMID: 29978842 PMCID: PMC6038361 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318007441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A group-theoretical approach is used to enumerate the possible couplings between magnetism and ferroelectric polarization in the parent Pm{\overline 3}m perovskite structure. It is shown that third-order magnetoelectric coupling terms must always involve magnetic ordering at the A and B sites which either transforms both as R-point or both as X-point time-odd irreducible representations (irreps). For fourth-order couplings it is demonstrated that this criterion may be relaxed allowing couplings involving irreps at X-, M- and R-points which collectively conserve crystal momentum, producing a magnetoelectric effect arising from only B-site magnetic order. In this case, exactly two of the three irreps entering the order parameter must be time-odd irreps and either one or all must be odd with respect to inversion symmetry. It is possible to show that the time-even irreps in this triad must transform as one of: X1+, M3,5- or R5+, corresponding to A-site cation order, A-site antipolar displacements or anion rocksalt ordering, respectively. This greatly reduces the search space for type-II multiferroic perovskites. Similar arguments are used to demonstrate how weak ferromagnetism may be engineered and a variety of schemes are proposed for coupling this to ferroelectric polarization. The approach is illustrated with density functional theory calculations on magnetoelectric couplings and, by considering the literature, suggestions are given of which avenues of research are likely to be most promising in the design of novel magnetoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Senn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nicholas C. Bristowe
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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14
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Goian V, Schumann FO, Widdra W. Growth and lattice dynamics of ultrathin BaO films on Pt(0 0 1). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:095001. [PMID: 29350619 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa94a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the surface phonons of long-range ordered BaO thin films grown on Pt(0 0 1). In the thickness range between 4 and 28 ML, we find unstrained BaO(0 0 1)-([Formula: see text]) bulk-like terminated films which coincide with a Pt(0 0 1)-c([Formula: see text]) lattice periodicity. The dipole-active lattice vibrations were determined using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. For all BaO film thicknesses, a single Fuchs-Kliewer phonon-polariton is observed. Its intensity increases and its frequency softens with increasing film thickness. These thickness-dependent properties and the spectral shape are quantitatively discussed on the basis of dielectric theory, where a proper modeling requires three components: the dielectric response of the BaO film itself, the plasmonic response of the metallic substrate, and a weak damping due to a defect-induced doping within the oxide film. For a full description, also the quantization of the phonon wavevector due to the confinement within the film of finite thickness has to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Goian
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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15
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Liu B, Yang C, Li X, Wang C, Liu G, Yang H, Wang Y. Origin of antipolar clusters in BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films. Ann Ital Chir 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Sahoo MPK, Shimada T, Kitamura T. Strain-induced ferroelectricity and lattice coupling in BaSnO 3 and SrSnO 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26047-26055. [PMID: 28926037 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03952b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite stannates such as BaSnO3 and SrSnO3 exhibit promising photovoltaic properties, and hold promise for application in solar cell devices. However, the lack of ferroelectricity and the wide band gap in these materials limit their potential for photovoltaic applications. Here, by first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the realization of a primary ferroelectric polarization in non-ferroelectric BaSnO3 and SrSnO3 through strain engineering. In addition to the appearance of polarization, the band gaps of the materials are greatly narrowed when the paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transition takes place under compressive strain. Furthermore, an intriguing Q2 mode triggered by lattice coupling with the polar mode is found in the stannates subjected to a sufficient tensile strain and this mode has a significant effect on the band gap, which suggests another pathway to narrow the band gap through the electric field control of the Q2 mode. The fruitful electronic, structural, and energetic properties are discussed in detail to achieve a fundamental understanding of the strain-induced ferroelectricity, tunable band gap, and lattice couplings between the Q2 mode and different polar/rotational distortions in the perovskite stannates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310007, China.
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17
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Song G, Gao B, Li G, Zhang J. First-principles study on the electric structure and ferroelectricity in epitaxial CsSnI3 films. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitaxial strain can induce ferroelectricity and enhance the polarization in the inorganic hybrid perovskite material CsSnI3 for energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Song
- Department of Physics
- Huaiyin Institute of Technology
- Huaian 223003
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology
| | - Benling Gao
- Department of Physics
- Huaiyin Institute of Technology
- Huaian 223003
- China
| | - Guannan Li
- Department of Physics
- Huaiyin Institute of Technology
- Huaian 223003
- China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Huaiyin Institute of Technology
- Huaian 223003
- China
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18
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Varignon J, Bristowe NC, Ghosez P. Electric Field Control of Jahn-Teller Distortions in Bulk Perovskites. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:057602. [PMID: 26894734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.057602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Jahn-Teller distortion, by its very nature, is often at the heart of the various electronic properties displayed by perovskites and related materials. Despite the Jahn-Teller mode being nonpolar, we devise and demonstrate, in the present Letter, an electric field control of Jahn-Teller distortions in bulk perovskites. The electric field control is enabled through an anharmonic lattice mode coupling between the Jahn-Teller distortion and a polar mode. We confirm this coupling and quantify it through first-principles calculations. The coupling will always exist within the Pb2_{1}m space group, which is found to be the favored ground state for various perovskites under sufficient tensile epitaxial strain. Intriguingly, the calculations reveal that this mechanism is not only restricted to Jahn-Teller active systems, promising a general route to tune or induce novel electronic functionality in perovskites as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Varignon
- Physique Théorique des Matériaux, Université de Liège (B5), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicholas C Bristowe
- Physique Théorique des Matériaux, Université de Liège (B5), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Ghosez
- Physique Théorique des Matériaux, Université de Liège (B5), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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19
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Mao AJ, Tian H, Kuang XY, Jia J, Chai JS. Structural phase transition and spin reorientation of LaFeO3 films under epitaxial strain. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural phase transition and spin reorientation of orthoferrites LaFeO3 epitaxially grown along the pseudocubic (001) direction are investigated based on first-principles calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Mao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - H. Tian
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - X. Y. Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - J. W. Jia
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - J. S. Chai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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20
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Tian H, Mao AJ, Zhao HJ, Cui Y, Li H, Kuang XY. Large polarization and dielectric response in epitaxial SrZrO3 films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7680-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07881d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of (001) epitaxial SrZrO3 thin films under misfit strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ai-Jie Mao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hong Jian Zhao
- Laboratory of Dielectric Materials
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yingqi Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton
- CNRS
- Université
- Paris-Sud
- ENS Cachan
| | - Xiao-Yu Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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21
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Chen L, Yang Y, Gui Z, Sando D, Bibes M, Meng XK, Bellaiche L. Large Elasto-Optic Effect in Epitaxial PbTiO(3) Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:267602. [PMID: 26765030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.267602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the elasto-optic properties of four different structural phases in (001) epitaxial PbTiO(3) films under tensile strain: a tetragonal (T) phase and an orthorhombic (O) phase, which are the ground states for small and large strain, respectively, and two low-symmetry, monoclinic phases of Cm and Pm symmetries that have low total energy in the intermediate strain range. It is found that the refractive indices of the T and O phases respond differently to epitaxial strain, evidenced by a change of sign of their effective elasto-optic coefficients, and as a result of presently discovered correlations between refractive index, axial ratio, and magnitude of the ferroelectric polarization. The difference in refractive indices between T and O and the existence of such correlations naturally lead to large elasto-optic coefficients in the Cm and Pm states in the intermediate strain range, because Cm structurally bridges the T and O phases (via polarization rotation and a rapid change of its axial ratio) and Pm adopts a similar axial ratio and polarization magnitude to Cm. The present results therefore broaden the palette of functionalities of ferroelectric materials, and suggest new routes to generate systems with unprecedentedly large elasto-optic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yurong Yang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Zhigang Gui
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - D Sando
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - X K Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - L Bellaiche
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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22
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Zhao HJ, Xu C, Yang Y, Duan W, Chen XM, Bellaiche L. Predicted energetics and properties of rare-earth ferrites films grown on cubic (111)- and hexagonal (0001)-oriented substrates. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:485901. [PMID: 26569160 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/48/485901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed to compare the energetics of several phases, including hexagonal polar P6(3)cm and perovskite non-polar Pbnm-like states, of epitaxial RFeO3 films (with R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Lu) grown on different cubic (1 1 1)- and hexagonal (0 0 0 1)-oriented substrates. The P63cm phase is found to be the ground state for large enough in-plane lattice parameters in all investigated RFeO3 films, and its polarization is tunable by the amount of epitaxial strain. Series of available substrates allowing the growth of hexagonal polar RFeO3 films, as well as other phenomena of fundamental and technological importance (e.g. different ground states and coexistence between several phases) are also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jian Zhao
- Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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23
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Sando D, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films and devices: past, present and future. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:473201. [PMID: 25352066 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/47/473201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The celebrated renaissance of the multiferroics family over the past ten years has also been that of its most paradigmatic member, bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3). Known since the 1960s to be a high temperature antiferromagnet and since the 1970s to be ferroelectric, BiFeO3 only had its bulk ferroic properties clarified in the mid-2000s. It is however the fabrication of BiFeO3 thin films and their integration into epitaxial oxide heterostructures that have fully revealed its extraordinarily broad palette of functionalities. Here we review the first decade of research on BiFeO3 films, restricting ourselves to epitaxial structures. We discuss how thickness and epitaxial strain influence not only the unit cell parameters, but also the crystal structure, illustrated for instance by the discovery of the so-called T-like phase of BiFeO3. We then present its ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and their evolution near morphotropic phase boundaries. Magnetic properties and their modification by thickness and strain effects, as well as optical parameters, are covered. Finally, we highlight various types of devices based on BiFeO3 in electronics, spintronics, and optics, and provide perspectives for the development of further multifunctional devices for information technology and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sando
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau, France, and Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
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24
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Zhao HJ, Yang Y, Ren W, Mao AJ, Chen XM, Bellaiche L. Creating multiferroics with large tunable electrical polarization from paraelectric rare-earth orthoferrites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:472201. [PMID: 25345407 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/47/472201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The quest for materials possessing both a magnetic ordering temperature above room temperature and a large electrical polarization is an important research direction in order to design novel spintronic and memory devices. Up to now, BiFeO3 and related systems are the only known compounds simultaneously possessing such characteristics. Here, first-principles calculations predict that another family of materials, namely epitaxial films made of rare-earth orthoferrites (RFeO3), can also exhibit such desired features. As a matter of fact, applying a large enough strain to these compounds, which are nominally paraelectric and have a high magnetic transition temperature, is predicted to render them ferroelectric, and thus multiferroic. At high compressive strain, the resulting ferroelectric phase of RFeO3 systems having large rare-earth ions is even a tetragonal state characterized by a giant polarization and axial ratio. For large tensile strain, two striking inhomogenous ferroelectric phases--including one never observed before in any perovskite--are further predicted as having significant polarization. A multiphase boundary also occurs, which may lead to optimization of properties or unusual features. Finally, many quantities, including electrical polarization and magnetic ordering temperature, are tunable by varying the epitaxial strain and/or chemical pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jian Zhao
- Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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25
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Hu S, Chen L, Wu Y, Yu L, Zhao X, Cao S, Zhang J, Ren W. Selected multiferroic perovskite oxides containing rare earth and transition metal elements. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Fan Z, Wang J, Sullivan MB, Huan A, Singh DJ, Ong KP. Structural instability of epitaxial (001) BiFeO₃ thin films under tensile strain. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4631. [PMID: 24717537 PMCID: PMC3982161 DOI: 10.1038/srep04631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore BiFeO3 under tensile strain using first-principles calculations. We find that the actual structures are more complex than what had been previously thought, and that there is a strong shear deformation type structural instability which modifies the properties. Specifically, we find that normal tensile strain leads to structural instabilities with a large induced shear deformation in (001) BiFeO3 thin films. These induced shear deformations in (001) BiFeO3 thin films under tension stabilize the (001) BiFeO3 thin films and lead to Cc and Ima2 phases that are more stable than the Pmc21 phase at high tensile strain. The induced shear deformation shifts the Cc to Ima2 phase transition towards lower tensile strain region (~1% less), prevents monoclinic tilt and oxygen octahedral tilts, and increases the ferroelectric polarization. The induced shear deformation also strongly affects the electronic structure. The results are discussed in relation to growth of BiFeO3 thin films on cubic and tetragonal substrates involving high levels of tensile strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
| | - Michael B. Sullivan
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 138632, Singapore
| | - Alfred Huan
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 138632, Singapore
| | - David J. Singh
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056, USA
| | - Khuong P. Ong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 138632, Singapore
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First-principles study on the phase diagram and multiferroic properties of (SrCoO3)1/(SrTiO3)1 superlattices. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4564. [PMID: 24699214 PMCID: PMC3975234 DOI: 10.1038/srep04564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To design a multiferroic material at atomic scale, strong spin-lattice and charge-lattice couplings play crucial roles. Our first-principles calculation on (SrCoO3)1/(SrTiO3)1 superlattices, with above coupling properties, yields a rich physical phase diagram as a function of epitaxial strain. In particular, a robust ferroelectric ferromagnetic insulator of Pc symmetry is stabilized at tensile strain Δa/a0 = 0.86%–5.53%. The polarization can be as large as 36 μC/cm2 and magnetic moment can reach 6μB per unit cell. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (0.16 meV/Co in (001) plane, 0.6 meV/Co in (100) plane) is comparable with that of TbMnO3 compound and the magnetoelectric constant α (1.44 × 10−3 Gaussian unit) is comparable with that of Co3B7O13Br compound. Our study suggests that epitaxially strained (SrCoO3)1/(SrTiO3)1 superlattices not only offer an excellent candidate for multiferroic materials, but also demonstrate the half-metal and ferromagnetic insulator properties with potential application in spintronic devices.
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28
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Yang Y, Iñiguez J, Mao AJ, Bellaiche L. Prediction of a novel magnetoelectric switching mechanism in multiferroics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:057202. [PMID: 24580626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.057202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a first-principles study of the recently predicted Pmc21 phase of the multiferroic BiFeO3 material, revealing a novel magnetoelectric effect that makes it possible to control magnetism with an electric field. The effect can be viewed as a two-step process: Switching the polarization first results in the change of the sense of the rotation of the oxygen octahedra, which in turn induces the switching of the secondary magnetic order parameter. The first step is governed by an original trilinear-coupling energy between polarization, octahedral tilting, and an antiferroelectric distortion. The second step is controlled by another trilinear coupling, this one involving the predominant and secondary magnetic orders as well as the oxygen octahedral tilting. In contrast with other trilinear-coupling effects in the literature, the present ones occur in a simple ABO3 perovskite and involve a large polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yang
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA and Physics Department, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jorge Iñiguez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ai-Jie Mao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - L Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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29
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Wang Y, Nelson C, Melville A, Winchester B, Shang S, Liu ZK, Schlom DG, Pan X, Chen LQ. BiFeO3 domain wall energies and structures: a combined experimental and density functional theory+U study. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:267601. [PMID: 23848922 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.267601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We determined the atomic structures and energies of 109°, 180°, and 71° domain walls in BiFeO3, combining density functional theory+U calculations and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy images. We find a substantial Bi sublattice shift and a rather uniform Fe sublattice across the walls. The calculated wall energies (γ) follow the sequence γ109<γ180<γ71 for the 109°, 180°, and 71° walls. We attribute the high 71° wall energy to an opposite tilting rotation of the oxygen octahedra and the low 109° wall energy to the opposite twisting rotation of the oxygen octahedra across the domain walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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30
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Ren W, Yang Y, Diéguez O, Iñiguez J, Choudhury N, Bellaiche L. Ferroelectric domains in multiferroic BiFeO3 films under epitaxial strains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:187601. [PMID: 23683243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.187601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed to investigate energetic and atomistic characteristics of ferroelectric domains walls (DWs) of BiFeO(3) (BFO) films subject to compressive strain. Significantly lower DW energies than those previously reported, and a different energetic hierarchy between the various DW types, are found for small strains. In all investigated cases (corresponding to ideal angles of 71°, 109°, and 180° formed by the domain polarizations), the DW energy reaches its maximum value for misfit strains that are around the critical strain at which the transition between the R-like and T-like phases occurs in single-domain BFO. Near these strains, several quantities depend strongly on the type of domain wall; such distinct behavior is associated with an elastic difference and a large out-of-plane polarization at the DW in the 180° case. A further increase of the magnitude of the strain leads to (i) a change of hierarchy of the DW energies, (ii) large out-of-plane polarizations inside each up and down domain, and (iii) novel atomic arrangements at the domain walls. Our study can thus initiate a new research direction, namely strain engineering of domain-wall functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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31
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Yang Y, Ren W, Wang D, Bellaiche L. Understanding and revisiting properties of EuTiO3 bulk material and films from first principles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:267602. [PMID: 23368621 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.267602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio computations are performed to investigate properties of bulk material and epitaxial films made of EuTiO3 (ETO). A whole family of nanoscale twinned phases, that present complex oxygen octahedra tilting (OOT) and unusual antiferroelectricity, is found to be degenerate in energy with simpler phases (all possessing typical OOT) in bulk ETO. Such degeneracy provides a successful explanation of recently observed anomalous phenomena. The calculations also lead to revisiting the (rich) phase diagram of ETO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Yang
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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