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Yang P, Baggioli M, Cai Z, Tian Y, Zhang H. Holographic Dissipative Spacetime Supersolids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:221601. [PMID: 38101390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.221601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Driving a system out of equilibrium enriches the paradigm of spontaneous symmetry breaking, which could then take place not only in space but also in time. The interplay between temporal and spatial symmetries, as well as symmetries from other internal degrees of freedom, can give rise to novel nonequilibrium phases of matter. In this Letter, we investigate a driven-dissipative superfluid model using holographic methods and reveal the existence of a spacetime supersolid (STS) phase that concomitantly breaks the time translation, spatial translation, and the internal U(1) symmetry. The holographic methods naturally include finite temperature effects, which enables us to explore the complex phase diagram of this model and observe a cascade of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions from the STS phase to a synchronized superfluid phase, and finally to a normal fluid phase, by increasing the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Matteo Baggioli
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Zi Cai
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongbao Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Chen L, Lowder DT, Bakali E, Andrews AM, Schrenk W, Waas M, Svagera R, Eguchi G, Prochaska L, Wang Y, Setty C, Sur S, Si Q, Paschen S, Natelson D. Shot noise in a strange metal. Science 2023; 382:907-911. [PMID: 37995251 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Strange-metal behavior has been observed in materials ranging from high-temperature superconductors to heavy fermion metals. In conventional metals, current is carried by quasiparticles; although it has been suggested that quasiparticles are absent in strange metals, direct experimental evidence is lacking. We measured shot noise to probe the granularity of the current-carrying excitations in nanowires of the heavy fermion strange metal YbRh2Si2. When compared with conventional metals, shot noise in these nanowires is strongly suppressed. This suppression cannot be attributed to either electron-phonon or electron-electron interactions in a Fermi liquid, which suggests that the current is not carried by well-defined quasiparticles in the strange-metal regime that we probed. Our work sets the stage for similar studies of other strange metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Chen
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, TX 77005, USA
| | - Dale T Lowder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Emine Bakali
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aaron Maxwell Andrews
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Schrenk
- Center for Micro and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Waas
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Svagera
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaku Eguchi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Prochaska
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Chandan Setty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Shouvik Sur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Qimiao Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Silke Paschen
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas Natelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Liu H, Sonner J. Holographic systems far from equilibrium: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:016001. [PMID: 31634882 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab4f91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we give an overview of some recent progress in using holography to study various far-from-equilibrium condensed matter systems. Non-equilibrium problems are notoriously difficult to deal with, not to mention at strong coupling and when including quantum effects. Remarkably, using holographic duality one can describe and follow the real-time evolution of far-from-equilibrium systems, including those which are spatially inhomogeneous and anisotropic, by solving partial differential gravity equations. We sample developments in two broad classes of question which have recently been of much interest to the condensed matter community: non-equilibrium steady states, and quantum systems undergoing a global quench. Our discussion focuses on the main physical insights obtained from the gravity approaches, rather than comprehensive treatment of each topic or detailed descriptions of gravity calculations. The paper also includes an overview of current numerical techniques, as well as the holographic Schwinger-Keldysh approach to real-time correlation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Center for theoretical physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
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Sonner J, Withers B. Universal Spatial Structure of Nonequilibrium Steady States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:161603. [PMID: 29099229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.161603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a large family of nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) corresponding to forced flows over obstacles. The spatial structure at large distances from the obstacle is shown to be universal, and can be quantitatively characterized in terms of certain collective modes of the strongly coupled many body system, which we define in this work. In holography, these modes are spatial analogues of quasinormal modes, which are known to be responsible for universal aspects of relaxation of time dependent systems. These modes can be both hydrodynamical or nonhydrodynamical in origin. The decay lengths of the hydrodynamic modes are set by η/s, the shear viscosity over entropy density ratio, suggesting a new route to experimentally measuring this ratio. We also point out a new class of nonequilibrium phase transitions, across which the spatial structure of the NESS undergoes a dramatic change, characterized by the properties of the spectrum of these spatial collective modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Sonner
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1214 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Withers
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1214 Genève 4, Switzerland
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Ribeiro P, Zamani F, Kirchner S. Steady-State Dynamics and Effective Temperature for a Model of Quantum Criticality in an Open System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:220602. [PMID: 26650286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.220602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the thermal and nonthermal steady-state scaling functions and the steady-state dynamics of a model of local quantum criticality. The model we consider, i.e., the pseudogap Kondo model, allows us to study the concept of effective temperatures near fully interacting as well as weak-coupling fixed points. In the vicinity of each fixed point we establish the existence of an effective temperature-different at each fixed point-such that the equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem is recovered. Most notably, steady-state scaling functions in terms of the effective temperatures coincide with the equilibrium scaling functions. This result extends to higher correlation functions as is explicitly demonstrated for the Kondo singlet strength. The nonlinear charge transport is also studied and analyzed in terms of the effective temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ribeiro
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya street 100 A, Skolkovo, Moscow area, 143025 Russia and CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Zamani
- Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Kirchner
- Center for Correlated Matter, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Sonner J, del Campo A, Zurek WH. Universal far-from-equilibrium dynamics of a holographic superconductor. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7406. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Chakrabortty S, Chakraborty S, Haque N. Brownian motion in strongly coupled, anisotropic Yang-Mills plasma: A holographic approach. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.89.066013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Clemson PT, Suprunenko YF, Stankovski T, Stefanovska A. Inverse approach to chronotaxic systems for single-variable time series. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:032904. [PMID: 24730910 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.032904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Following the development of a new class of self-sustained oscillators with a time-varying but stable frequency, the inverse approach to these systems is now formulated. We show how observed data arranged in a single-variable time series can be used to recognize such systems. This approach makes use of time-frequency domain information using the wavelet transform as well as the recently developed method of Bayesian-based inference. In addition, a set of methods, named phase fluctuation analysis, is introduced to detect the defining properties of the new class of systems by directly analyzing the statistics of the observed perturbations.We apply these methods to numerical examples but also elaborate further on the cardiac system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Clemson
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Yevhen F Suprunenko
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Tomislav Stankovski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Aneta Stefanovska
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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Suprunenko YF, Clemson PT, Stefanovska A. Chronotaxic systems with separable amplitude and phase dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:012922. [PMID: 24580312 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.012922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, deterministic nonautonomous oscillatory systems with stable amplitudes and time-varying frequencies were not recognized as such and have often been mistreated as stochastic. These systems, named chronotaxic, were introduced in Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 024101 (2013). In contrast to conventional limit cycle models of self-sustained oscillators, these systems posses a time-dependent point attractor or steady state. This allows oscillations with time-varying frequencies to resist perturbations, a phenomenon which is ubiquitous in living systems. In this work a detailed theory of chronotaxic systems is presented, specifically in the case of separable amplitude and phase dynamics. The theory is extended by the introduction of chronotaxic amplitude dynamics. The wide applicability of chronotaxic systems to a range of fields from biological and condensed matter systems to robotics and control theory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen F Suprunenko
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Philip T Clemson
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Aneta Stefanovska
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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Sonner J. Holographic Schwinger effect and the geometry of entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:211603. [PMID: 24313476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.211603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We show that the recently proposed bulk dual of an entangled pair of a quark and an antiquark corresponds to the Lorentzian continuation of the tunneling instanton describing Schwinger pair creation in the dual field theory. This observation supports and further explains the claim by Jensen and Karch that the bulk dual of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair is a string with a wormhole on its world sheet. We suggest that this constitutes a holographically dual realization of the creation of a Wheeler wormhole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Sonner
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and L.N.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Bhaseen MJ, Gauntlett JP, Simons BD, Sonner J, Wiseman T. Holographic superfluids and the dynamics of symmetry breaking. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:015301. [PMID: 23383803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.015301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We explore the far-from-equilibrium response of a holographic superfluid using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We establish the dynamical phase diagram corresponding to quantum quenches of the order parameter source field. We find three distinct regimes of behavior that are related to the spectrum of black hole quasinormal modes. These correspond to damped oscillations of the order parameter and to overdamped approaches to the superfluid and normal states. The presence of three regimes, which includes an emergent dynamical temperature scale, is argued to occur more generally in time-reversal-invariant systems that display continuous symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bhaseen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OHE, United Kingdom
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