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Wang JQ, Song LJ, Huo JT, Gao M, Zhang Y. Designing Advanced Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Alloys by Controlling the Energy State. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311406. [PMID: 38811026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous alloys, also known as metallic glasses, exhibit many advanced mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Owing to the nonequilibrium nature, their energy states can vary over a wide range. However, the energy relaxation kinetics are very complex and composed of various types that are coupled with each other. This makes it challenging to control the energy state precisely and to study the energy-properties relationship. This brief review introduces the recent progresses on studying the enthalpy relaxation kinetics during isothermal annealing, for example, the observation of two-step relaxation phenomenon, the detection of relaxation unit (relaxun), the key role of large activation entropy in triggering memory effect, the influence of glass energy state on nanocrystallization. Based on the above knowledge, a new strategy is proposed to design a series of amorphous alloys and their composites consisting of nanocrystals and glass matrix with superior functional properties by precisely controlling the nonequilibrium energy states. As the typical examples, Fe-based amorphous alloys with both advanced soft magnetism and good plasticity, Gd-based amorphous/nanocrystalline composites with large magnetocaloric effect, and Fe-based amorphous alloys with high catalytic performance are specifically described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Jian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Tao Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Duan YJ, Nabahat M, Tong Y, Ortiz-Membrado L, Jiménez-Piqué E, Zhao K, Wang YJ, Yang Y, Wada T, Kato H, Pelletier JM, Qiao JC, Pineda E. Connection between Mechanical Relaxation and Equilibration Kinetics in a High-Entropy Metallic Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:056101. [PMID: 38364152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.056101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The slow transition from an out-of-equilibrium glass towards a supercooled liquid is a complex relaxation phenomenon. In this Letter, we study the correlation between mechanical relaxation and equilibration kinetics in a Pd_{20}Pt_{20}Cu_{20}Ni_{20}P_{20} high-entropy metallic glass. The evolution of stress relaxation with aging time was obtained with an unprecedented detail, allowing us to pinpoint new interesting features. The long structural relaxation towards equilibrium contains a wide distribution of activation energies, instead of being just associated to the β relaxation as commonly accepted. The stress relaxation time can be correlated with the equilibration rate and we observe a decrease of microstructural heterogeneity which contrasts with an increase of dynamic heterogeneity. These results significantly enhance our insight of the interplay between relaxation dynamics and thermodynamics in metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Duan
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - M Nabahat
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Yu Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - L Ortiz-Membrado
- Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - E Jiménez-Piqué
- Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Kun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Wada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - J M Pelletier
- Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J C Qiao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - E Pineda
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
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3
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Tong Y, Song L, Gao Y, Fan L, Li F, Yang Y, Mo G, Liu Y, Shui X, Zhang Y, Gao M, Huo J, Qiao J, Pineda E, Wang JQ. Strain-driven Kovacs-like memory effect in glasses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8407. [PMID: 38110399 PMCID: PMC10728148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying complex relaxation behaviors is of critical importance for understanding the nature of glasses. Here we report a Kovacs-like memory effect in glasses, manifested by non-monotonic stress relaxation during two-step high-to-low strains stimulations. During the stress relaxation process, if the strain jumps from a higher state to a lower state, the stress does not continue to decrease, but increases first and then decreases. The memory effect becomes stronger when the atomic motions become highly collective with a large activation energy, e.g. the strain in the first stage is larger, the temperature is higher, and the stimulation is longer. The physical origin of the stress memory effect is studied based on the relaxation kinetics and the in-situ synchrotron X-ray experiments. The stress memory effect is probably a universal phenomenon in different types of glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Lijian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yurong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Longlong Fan
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fucheng Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Mo
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Shui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Meng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Juntao Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Qiao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Eloi Pineda
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jun-Qiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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Liu N, Sohn S, Na MY, Park GH, Raj A, Liu G, Kube SA, Yuan F, Liu Y, Chang HJ, Schroers J. Size-dependent deformation behavior in nanosized amorphous metals suggesting transition from collective to individual atomic transport. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5987. [PMID: 37752103 PMCID: PMC10522620 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying atomistic mechanism of deformation is a central problem in mechanics and materials science. Whereas deformation of crystalline metals is fundamentally understood, the understanding of deformation of amorphous metals lacks behind, particularly identifying the involved temporal and spatial scales. Here, we reveal that at small scales the size-dependent deformation behavior of amorphous metals significantly deviates from homogeneous flow, exhibiting increasing deformation rate with reducing size and gradually shifted composition. This transition suggests the deformation mechanism changes from collective atomic transport by viscous flow to individual atomic transport through interface diffusion. The critical length scale of the transition is temperature dependent, exhibiting a maximum at the glass transition. While viscous flow does not discriminate among alloy constituents, diffusion does and the constituent element with higher diffusivity deforms faster. Our findings yield insights into nano-mechanics and glass physics and may suggest alternative processing methods to epitaxially grow metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijia Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sungwoo Sohn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Yale Institute for Nanoscience and Quantum Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Min Young Na
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Park
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Arindam Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Guannan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Sebastian A Kube
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Fusen Yuan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hye Jung Chang
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano Convergence, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Schroers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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5
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Song L, Gao Y, Zou P, Xu W, Gao M, Zhang Y, Huo J, Li F, Qiao J, Wang LM, Wang JQ. Detecting the exponential relaxation spectrum in glasses by high-precision nanocalorimetry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302776120. [PMID: 37155861 PMCID: PMC10193961 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302776120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonexponential relaxations are universal characteristics for glassy materials. There is a well-known hypothesis that nonexponential relaxation peaks are composed of a series of exponential events, which have not been verified. In this Letter, we discover the exponential relaxation events during the recovery process using a high-precision nanocalorimetry, which are universal for metallic glasses and organic glasses. The relaxation peaks can be well fitted by the exponential Debye function with a single activation energy. The activation energy covers a broad range from α relaxation to β relaxation and even the fast γ/β' relaxation. We obtain the complete spectrum of the exponential relaxation peaks over a wide temperature range from 0.63Tg to 1.03Tg, which provides solid evidence that nonexponential relaxation peaks can be decomposed into exponential relaxation units. Furthermore, the contribution of different relaxation modes in the nonequilibrium enthalpy space is measured. These results open a door for developing the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium physics and for precisely modulating the properties of glasses by controlling the relaxation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Song
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yurong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Juntao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Fushan S. Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Jichao C. Qiao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian710072, China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei066004, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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6
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Chen Y, Feng S, Lu X, Pan S, Xia C, Wang LM. Uncovering the bridging role of slow atoms in unusual caged dynamics and β-relaxation of binary metallic glasses. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:134511. [PMID: 37031140 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of β-relaxation in metallic glasses is still not fully understood, and the guidance of slow atoms for caged dynamics and β-relaxation is rarely mentioned. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal the bridging role of slow atoms on unusual caged dynamics and β-relaxation. In the stage of unusual caged dynamics, slow atoms are bounded by neighboring atoms. It is difficult for the slow atoms to break the cage, producing more high-frequency vibration, which causes more atoms to jump out of the cage randomly in the next stage. Precisely, the movement of the slow atoms changes from individual atoms vibrating inside the cage and gradually breaking out of the cage into a string-like pattern. The string-like collective atomic jumps cause decay of the cages, inducing β-relaxation. This situation generally exists in binary systems with the large atomic mass difference. This work offers valuable insights for understanding the role of slow atoms in unusual caged dynamics and β-relaxation, complementing studies on the origin of β-relaxation in metallic glasses and their glass-forming liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, 066004 Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Shidong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, 066004 Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, 066004 Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Shaopeng Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Chaoqun Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 300130 Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, 066004 Qinhuangdao, China
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7
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Highly tunable β-relaxation enables the tailoring of crystallization in phase-change materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7352. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn glasses, secondary (β-) relaxations are the predominant source of atomic dynamics. Recently, they have been discovered in covalently bonded glasses, i.e., amorphous phase-change materials (PCMs). However, it is unclear what the mechanism of β-relaxations is in covalent systems and how they are related to crystallization behaviors of PCMs that are crucial properties for non-volatile memories and neuromorphic applications. Here we show direct evidence that crystallization is strongly linked to β-relaxations. We find that the β-relaxation in Ge15Sb85 possesses a high tunability, which enables a manipulation of crystallization kinetics by an order of magnitude. In-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, dielectric functions, and ab-initio calculations indicate that the weakened β-relaxation intensity stems from a local reinforcement of Peierls-like distortions, which increases the rigidity of the bonding network and decreases the dynamic heterogeneity. Our findings offer a conceptually new approach to tuning the crystallization of PCMs based on manipulating the β-relaxations.
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8
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Duan YJ, Zhang LT, Qiao JC, Wang YJ, Yang Y, Wada T, Kato H, Pelletier JM, Pineda E, Crespo D. Intrinsic Correlation between the Fraction of Liquidlike Zones and the β Relaxation in High-Entropy Metallic Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:175501. [PMID: 36332263 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lacking the structural information of crystalline solids, the origin of the relaxation dynamics of metallic glasses is unclear. Here, we report the evolution of stress relaxation of high-entropy metallic glasses with distinct β relaxation behavior. The fraction of liquidlike zones, determined at each temperature by the intensity of stress decay, is shown to be directly related to both the aging process and the spectrum of relaxation modes obtained by mechanical spectroscopy. The results shed light on the intrinsic correlation between the static and dynamic mechanical response in high-entropy and conventional metallic glasses, pointing toward a sluggish diffusion high-entropy effect in the liquid dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Duan
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - L T Zhang
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - J C Qiao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Wada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - J M Pelletier
- Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, Bâtiment B. Pascal, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - E Pineda
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - D Crespo
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
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9
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Peng SX, Yin Z, Zhang T, Yang Q, Yu H, ZENG M. Vibration assisted glass-formation in zeolitic imidazolate framework. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:104501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New glass forming method is essential for broadening the scope of liquid and glassy metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to limitations of the conventional melt-quenching method. Herein we show that in-situ mechanical vibration can facilitate the framework melting at lower temperature and produce glassy MOFs with unique properties. Using ZIF-62 as a concept-proofing material, in-situ mechanical vibration enables low-temperature melting at 653 K, far below its melting point (713 K). The resulted vibrated ZIF-62 glass exhibited a lower glass transition temperature of 545 K, improved gas accessible porosity and pronounced short-to-medium range structures compared to the corresponding melt-quenched glass. We propose that vibration facilitated surface reconstruction facilitates pre-melting, which could be the cause of the lowered melting temperature. The vibration assisted method represents a new general method to produce MOF glasses without thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Yin
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - HaiBin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
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10
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Compositional dependence of the fragility in metallic glass forming liquids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3708. [PMID: 35764635 PMCID: PMC9240049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscosity and its temperature dependence, the fragility, are key properties of a liquid. A low fragility is believed to promote the formation of metallic glasses. Yet, the fragility remains poorly understood, since experimental data of its compositional dependence are scarce. Here, we introduce the film inflation method (FIM), which measures the fragility of metallic glass forming liquids across wide ranges of composition and glass-forming ability. We determine the fragility for 170 alloys ranging over 25 at.% in Mg–Cu–Y. Within this alloy system, large fragility variations are observed. Contrary to the general understanding, a low fragility does not correlate with high glass-forming ability here. We introduce crystallization complexity as an additional contribution, which can potentially become significant when modeling glass forming ability over many orders of magnitude. In metallic liquids, the fragility is difficult to predict and measure. Here, the authors present the film inflation method, which reveals large fragility variations across Mg–Cu–Y, and introduce the crystallization complexity as additional contribution to glass forming ability.
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11
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Impact of host phonons on interstitial diffusion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7840. [PMID: 35550534 PMCID: PMC9098489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The net effect of host phonons on interstitial diffusion has remained as a fundamental knowledge gap in our current theories since the motions of the host atoms and interstitials were coupled in these theories. Here we study this effect through molecular dynamics simulations of hydrogen diffusion in palladium, in which the motions can be decoupled through pinning the host atoms. Mathematically this decoupling corresponds to expanding the total diffusion coefficient into a Taylor series, which separates the phonon contribution from the intrinsic interstitial jumping. Our results clearly show that palladium phonons significantly promote hydrogen diffusion. The phonon contribution, being linear with temperature at high temperatures and exponential at low temperatures, is fitted with Brownian motion model. The total diffusion of interstitials can be understood as the intrinsic interstitial jumping in a pinned host plus phonon-induced Brownian diffusion. The generality of our findings is validated by examining the motion of lithium in manganese oxide and carbon in iron.
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12
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Liu C, Fan Y. Emergent Fractal Energy Landscape as the Origin of Stress-Accelerated Dynamics in Amorphous Solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:215502. [PMID: 34860096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.215502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ageing dynamics in a multiplicity of metastable glasses are investigated at various thermomechanical conditions. By using data analytics to deconvolute the integral effects of environmental factors (e.g., energy level, temperature, stress), and by directly scrutinizing the minimum energy pathways for local excitations, we demonstrate external shear would make the system's energy landscape surprisingly fractal and create an emergent low-barrier mode with highly tortuous pathways, leading to an accelerated relaxation. This finding marks a departure from the classic picture of shear-induced simple bias of energy landscape. The insights and implications of this study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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13
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Bahrami A, Ying P, Wolff U, Rodríguez NP, Schierning G, Nielsch K, He R. Reduced Lattice Thermal Conductivity for Half-Heusler ZrNiSn through Cryogenic Mechanical Alloying. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38561-38568. [PMID: 34351145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ZrNiSn-based half-Heusler compounds are promising for thermoelectric applications in the mid-to-high temperature range. However, their thermoelectric performance was greatly limited due to the remaining high thermal conductivity, especially the lattice thermal conductivity. Herein, we report the synthesis of pristine half-Heusler ZrNiSn through direct mechanical alloying at a liquid nitrogen temperature (i.e., cryomilling) followed by spark plasma sintering. It is shown that the onset sintering temperature is greatly reduced for the cryomilled powders with a high density. A reduced thermal conductivity is subsequently realized from room temperature to 700 °C in the cryomilled samples than the one that was differently prepared (from 7.3 to 4.5 W/m K at room temperature). The pronounced reduction in thermal conductivity of ZrNiSn yields a maximum zT of ∼0.65 at 700 °C. Our study shows the possibility of cryomilling in advancing the thermoelectric performance through enhanced phonon scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Bahrami
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Pingjun Ying
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Ulrike Wolff
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | | | - Gabi Schierning
- Department of Physics, Experimental Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33501, Germany
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Ran He
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
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14
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Tuning the Johari-Goldstein β-Relaxation and Its Separation from α-Relaxation of Poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s by Small Molecule-bridged Hydrogen Bonds. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Wu G, Liu Y, Shi G. New Experimental Evidence for Thermodynamic Links to the Kinetic Fragility of Glass-Forming Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gaopeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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16
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Zhang H, Wang X, Yu HB, Douglas JF. Dynamic heterogeneity, cooperative motion, and Johari-Goldstein [Formula: see text]-relaxation in a metallic glass-forming material exhibiting a fragile-to-strong transition. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:56. [PMID: 33871722 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the Johari-Goldstein (JG) [Formula: see text]-relaxation process in a model metallic glass-forming (GF) material ([Formula: see text]), previously studied extensively by both frequency-dependent mechanical measurements and simulation studies devoted to equilibrium properties, by molecular dynamics simulations based on validated and optimized interatomic potentials with the primary aim of better understanding the nature of this universal relaxation process from a dynamic heterogeneity (DH) perspective. The present relatively low temperature and long-time simulations reveal a direct correspondence between the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the lifetime of the mobile particle clusters [Formula: see text], defined as in previous DH studies, a relationship dual to the corresponding previously observed relationship between the [Formula: see text]-relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the lifetime of immobile particle clusters [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we find that the average diffusion coefficient D nearly coincides with [Formula: see text] of the smaller atomic species (Al) and that the 'hopping time' associated with D coincides with [Formula: see text] to within numerical uncertainty, both trends being in accord with experimental studies. This indicates that the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation is dominated by the smaller atomic species and the observation of a direct relation between this relaxation process and rate of molecular diffusion in GF materials at low temperatures where the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation becomes the prevalent mode of structural relaxation. As an unanticipated aspect of our study, we find that [Formula: see text] exhibits fragile-to-strong (FS) glass formation, as found in many other metallic GF liquids, but this fact does not greatly alter the geometrical nature of DH in this material and the relation of DH to dynamical properties. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of the DH and dynamical properties, such as the structural relaxation time, can be significantly altered from 'ordinary' GF liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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17
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Zhang H, Wang X, Yu HB, Douglas JF. Fast dynamics in a model metallic glass-forming material. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084505. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0039162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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18
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Gao M, Perepezko JH. Mapping the Viscoelastic Heterogeneity at the Nanoscale in Metallic Glasses by Static Force Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7558-7565. [PMID: 32970446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale viscoelastic heterogeneity is an important concept for understanding the relationship between the microscopic atomic structure and the macroscopic mechanical behaviors in metallic glasses. However, the direct measurement of viscoelastic behavior at the nanoscale is still missing. Here we report a new measurement method based on static force microscopy to directly measure the viscoelastic properties at the nanoscale. The observed adhesive force and elastic modulus maps clearly display a typical hierarchical viscoelastic microstructure consisting of local hard and soft regions. Moreover, the adhesive force is more sensitive than the elastic modulus to viscoelastic heterogeneity and exhibits a bimodal distribution. In addition, we found that the structural relaxation and the rejuvenation effects induce the transition between the solid-like and liquid-like modes. The new measurement technique provides a powerful and quantative tool to investigate the nanoscale heterogeneity and build a connection between the microscopic structure and macroscopic mechanical behaviors in amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John H Perepezko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Shi G, Liu Y, Wu G. βfast Relaxation Governs the Damping Stability of Acrylic Polymer/Hindered Phenol Hybrids. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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20
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Chen Y, Qiao J. Correlation between High Temperature Deformation and β Relaxation in LaCeBased Metallic Glass. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040833. [PMID: 32059531 PMCID: PMC7079608 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature deformation around the glass transition temperature Tg and the dynamic mechanical behavior of La30Ce30Al15Co25 metallic glass were investigated. According to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results, La30Ce30Al15Co25 metallic glass exhibits a pronounced slow β relaxation process. In parallel, strain-rate jump experiments around the glass transition temperature were performed in a wide range of strain rate ranges. The apparent viscosity shows a strong dependence on temperature and strain rate, which reflects the transition from non-Newtonian to Newtonian flow. At low strain or high temperature, a transition was observed from a non-Newtonian viscous flow to Newtonian viscous flow. It was found that the activation volume during plastic deformation of La30Ce30Al15Co25 metallic glass is higher than that of other metallic glasses. Higher values of activation volume in La30Ce30Al15Co25 metallic glass may be attributed to existence of a pronounced slow β relaxation. It is reasonable to conclude that slow β relaxation in La30Ce30Al15Co25 metallic glass corresponds to the “soft” regions (structural heterogeneities) in metallic glass.
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21
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Zhang JY, Ding ZY, Li FC, Yang Y. Controlled synthesis of nanostructured glassy and crystalline high entropy alloy films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:045601. [PMID: 31578007 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4a41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High entropy alloy (HEA) based thin films have been attracting increasing research interest recently because of their unique mechanical/physical properties. However, the physical mechanisms that govern the formation of the atomic structure in HEA thin films are not clear yet. In this work, we synthesized a series of FeCoNiNb0.5 HEA thin films via direct current magnetron sputtering with carefully controlled processing parameters. Through a systematical study by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrated that the atomic structure of the HEA thin films of the same composition could exhibit different nanostructures and metastable phases, including amorphous and metastable crystalline phases. In addition, we also developed a physical model which sheds quantitative insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics for the phase selection in our HEA thin films. Our current work could pave a way for a controlled synthesis of a variety of nanostructured chemically complex alloy thin films for future structural and functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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22
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Peng SX, Cheng Y, Pries J, Wei S, Yu HB, Wuttig M. Uncovering β-relaxations in amorphous phase-change materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6726. [PMID: 31950085 PMCID: PMC6954054 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Relaxation processes are decisive for many physical properties of amorphous materials. For amorphous phase-change materials (PCMs) used in nonvolatile memories, relaxation processes are, however, difficult to characterize because of the lack of bulk samples. Here, instead of bulk samples, we use powder mechanical spectroscopy for powder samples to detect the prominent excess wings-a characteristic feature of β-relaxations-in a series of amorphous PCMs at temperatures below glass transitions. By contrast, β-relaxations are vanishingly small in amorphous chalcogenides of similar composition, which lack the characteristic features of PCMs. This conclusion is corroborated upon crossing the border from PCMs to non-PCMs, where β-relaxations drop substantially. Such a distinction implies that amorphous PCMs belong to a special kind of covalent glasses whose locally fast atomic motions are preserved even below the glass transitions. These findings suggest a correlation between β-relaxation and crystallization kinetics of PCMs, which have technological implications for phase-change memory functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xu Peng
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yudong Cheng
- I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Pries
- I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shuai Wei
- I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Matthias Wuttig
- I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Institute Green IT (PGI-10), FZ-Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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23
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Caporaletti F, Capaccioli S, Valenti S, Mikolasek M, Chumakov AI, Monaco G. A microscopic look at the Johari-Goldstein relaxation in a hydrogen-bonded glass-former. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14319. [PMID: 31586113 PMCID: PMC6778113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the glass transition requires getting the picture of the dynamical processes that intervene in it. Glass-forming liquids show a characteristic decoupling of relaxation processes when they are cooled down towards the glassy state. The faster (βJG) process is still under scrutiny, and its full explanation necessitates information at the microscopic scale. To this aim, nuclear γ-resonance time-domain interferometry (TDI) has been utilized to investigate 5-methyl-2-hexanol, a hydrogen-bonded liquid with a pronounced βJG process as measured by dielectric spectroscopy. TDI probes in fact the center-of-mass, molecular dynamics at scattering-vectors corresponding to both inter- and intra-molecular distances. Our measurements demonstrate that, in the undercooled liquid phase, the βJG relaxation can be visualized as a spatially-restricted rearrangement of molecules within the cage of their closest neighbours accompanied by larger excursions which reach out at least the inter-molecular scale and are related to cage-breaking events. In-cage rattling and cage-breaking processes therefore coexist in the βJG relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caporaletti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123, Povo, Trento, Italy.
| | - S Capaccioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Valenti
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mikolasek
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40 220, 38043, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - A I Chumakov
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40 220, 38043, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Monaco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123, Povo, Trento, Italy.
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24
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Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Montazerian M, Gulbiten O, Mauro JC, Zanotto ED, Yue Y. Understanding Glass through Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7848-7939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Maziar Montazerian
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13.565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ozgur Gulbiten
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - John C. Mauro
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Edgar D. Zanotto
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13.565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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25
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Wang XD, Zhang J, Xu TD, Yu Q, Cao QP, Zhang DX, Jiang JZ. Structural Signature of β-Relaxation in La-Based Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4308-4313. [PMID: 30016114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The secondary β-relaxation is an intrinsic feature in glassy materials. However, its structural origin is still not well understood. Here we report that the β-relaxations in La50Al15Ni35 and La50Al15Cu35 metallic glasses (MGs) mainly depend on the vibration of small Ni and Cu atoms in local cages. By using advanced synchrotron X-ray techniques and theoretical calculations, we elucidate that the tricapped-trigonal-prism-like polyhedra with more large La atoms in shells favor the local vibration of center Ni atoms, leading to the pronounced β-relaxation event. In contrast, the in-cage vibration of Cu atoms is somehow suppressed by the appearance of more shell Cu atoms. Nevertheless, they could easily diffuse out of the cages compared with Ni, thus triggering the onset of α-relaxation. This work provides a pathway to understand the different structural relaxation behaviors in MGs and other disordered materials from their local atomic packing and dynamics points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - T D Xu
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Q Yu
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Q P Cao
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - D X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
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26
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Aji DPB, Johari GP. Decrease in electrical resistivity on depletion of islands of mobility during aging of a bulk metal glass. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:144506. [PMID: 29655350 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of structural relaxation on electrical resistivity, ρglass, of strain-free Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 bulk metallic glass was studied during isothermal aging at several temperatures, Tas. Since cooling of a liquid metal increases its resistivity ρliq, one expects ρglass to increase on aging toward ρliq at T = Ta. Instead, ρglass decreased non-exponentially with the aging time. The activation energy of aging kinetics is 189 kJ mol-1, which is higher than the activation energy of the Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation. After considering the sample's contraction, phase separation, and crystallization as possible causes of the decrease in ρglass, we attribute the decrease to depletion of islands of atomic mobility, soft spots, or static heterogeneity. Vibrations of the atoms in these local (loosely packed) regions and in the region's interfacial area contribute to electron scattering. As these deplete on aging, the contribution decreases and ρglass decreases, with a concomitant decrease in macroscopic volume, enthalpy, and entropy (V, H, and S). Local regions of faster mobility also decrease on cooling as V, H, and S of a liquid decrease, but structure fluctuations dominate electron scattering of a liquid metal and ρliq increases effectively according to the Ziman-Nagel theory for a homogenously disordered structure. Whether depletion of such local regions initiates the structural relaxation of a glass, or vice versa, may be resolved by finding a glass that physically ages but shows no JG relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisman P B Aji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Trisakti University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - G P Johari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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27
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Ruta B, Pineda E, Evenson Z. Relaxation processes and physical aging in metallic glasses. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONDENSED MATTER 2017; 29:503002. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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28
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Yu HB, Richert R, Samwer K. Structural rearrangements governing Johari-Goldstein relaxations in metallic glasses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701577. [PMID: 29159283 PMCID: PMC5693560 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Johari-Goldstein secondary (β) relaxations are an intrinsic feature of supercooled liquids and glasses. They are crucial to many properties of glassy materials, but the underlying mechanisms are still not established. In a model metallic glass, we study the atomic rearrangements by molecular dynamics simulations at time scales of up to microseconds. We find that the distributions of single-particle displacements exhibit multiple peaks, whose positions quantitatively match the pair distribution function. These are identified as the structural signature of cooperative string-like excitations. Furthermore, the most probable time of the string-like motions coincides with the β-relaxation time as probed by dynamical mechanical simulations over a wide temperature range and is consistent with a theoretical model. Our results provide insights into the long-standing puzzle regarding the structural origin of β relaxations in glassy metallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 Hubei, China
- Corresponding author. (H.-B.Y.); (R.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Corresponding author. (H.-B.Y.); (R.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Konrad Samwer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Corresponding author. (H.-B.Y.); (R.R.); (K.S.)
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29
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Rault J. The equation of state of polymers. Part III: Relation with the compensation law. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:82. [PMID: 28956358 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The properties of amorphous polymers and of organic compounds under pressure are interpreted in the framework of the modified Van der Walls Equation of State (mVW-EOS) the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamann (VFT) law and of the compensation law. We have shown recently that polymers and organic compounds in amorphous liquid and crystalline states verify the mVW-EOS which depends on three parameters, [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this paper we compare the characteristic pressure [Formula: see text] of the mVW-EOS to the various pressures [Formula: see text] deduced from thermodynamic and kinetic properties of polymers in the liquid and solid states. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are: a) the enthalpy and volume change at the melting and glass transitions (the glass being isotropic or oriented and annealed below [Formula: see text] at various aging conditions); b) the activation parameters of individual [Formula: see text] and cooperative [Formula: see text] motions in crystalline liquid and amorphous polymers studied by dielectric or mechanical spectroscopy; and c) the activation parameters of amorphous (solid and liquid) polymers submitted to a deformation depending on the time frequency temperature and strain rate. For a same material, whatever its state and whatever the experimental properties analyzed (dielectric and mechanical relaxation, viscosity, auto-diffusion, yielding under hydrostatic pressure), we demonstrate that [Formula: see text], ([Formula: see text] Grüneisen parameter, [Formula: see text] compressibility). In all polymers and organic compounds (and water), these pressures, weakly dependent on T and P near [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at low pressure are characteristic of the H-H inter-molecular interactions. It is shown that the two empirical Lawson and Keyes relations of the compensation law can be deduced from the mVW-EOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Rault
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France.
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The role of configurational disorder on plastic and dynamic deformation in Cu 64Zr 36 metallic glasses: A molecular dynamics analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40969. [PMID: 28102359 PMCID: PMC5244410 DOI: 10.1038/srep40969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The varying degrees of configurational disorder in metallic glasses are investigated quantitatively by molecular dynamics studies. A parameter, the quasi-nearest atom, is used to characterize the configurational disorder in metallic glasses. Our observations suggest configurational disorder play a role in structural heterogeneity, plasticity and dynamic relaxations in metallic glasses. The broad configurational disorder regions distribution is the indicator of abundant potential deformation units and relaxations. Plastic flow, as well as relaxation, is believed to start at configurational disorder regions. The width of the shear bands and dynamic relaxations can then be regulated by the degree of configurational disorder regions in metallic glasses.
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31
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Wang JQ, Perepezko JH. Focus: Nucleation kinetics of shear bands in metallic glass. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:211803. [PMID: 28799383 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of shear bands is recognized as the primary mechanism in controlling the plastic deformability of metallic glasses. However, the kinetics of the nucleation of shear bands has received limited attention. The nucleation of shear bands in metallic glasses (MG) can be investigated using a nanoindentation method to monitor the development of the first pop-in event that is a signature of shear band nucleation. The analysis of a statistically significant number of first pop-in events demonstrates the stochastic behavior that is characteristic of nucleation and reveals a multimodal behavior associated with local spatial heterogeneities. The shear band nucleation rate of the two nucleation modes and the associated activation energy, activation volume, and site density were determined by loading rate experiments. The nucleation activation energy is very close to the value that is characteristic of the β relaxation in metallic glass. The identification of the rate controlling kinetics for shear band nucleation offers guidance for promoting plastic flow in metallic glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - J H Perepezko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Wang B, Shang BS, Gao XQ, Wang WH, Bai HY, Pan MX, Guan PF. Understanding Atomic-Scale Features of Low Temperature-Relaxation Dynamics in Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4945-4950. [PMID: 27934059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Being a key feature of a glassy state, low temperature relaxation has important implications on the mechanical behavior of glasses; however, the mechanism of low temperature relaxation is still an open issue, which has been debated for decades. By systematically investigating the influences of cooling rate and pressure on low temperature relaxation in the Zr50Cu50 metallic glasses, it is found that even though pressure does induce pronounced local structural change, the low temperature-relaxation behavior of the metallic glass is affected mainly by cooling rate, not by pressure. According to the atomic displacement and connection mode analysis, we further demonstrate that the low temperature relaxation is dominated by the dispersion degree of fast dynamic atoms rather than the most probable atomic nonaffine displacement. Our finding provides the direct atomic-level evidence that the intrinsic heterogeneity is the key factor that determines the low temperature-relaxation behavior of the metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094, China
| | - B S Shang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100094, China
| | - X Q Gao
- Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research , Xian 710016, China
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - M X Pan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094, China
| | - P F Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100094, China
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Sun YT, Wang JQ, Li YZ, Bai HY, Li MZ, Wang WH. Effects of atomic interaction stiffness on low-temperature relaxation of amorphous solids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26643-26650. [PMID: 27711442 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While low-temperature relaxations show significant differences among metallic glasses with different compositions, the underlying mechanism remains mysterious. Using molecular dynamics simulation, low-temperature relaxation of amorphous solids is investigated in model systems with different atomic interaction stiffness. It was found that as the interaction stiffness increases, the low-temperature relaxation is enhanced. The fraction of mobile atoms increases with increasing interaction stiffness, while the length scale of dynamical heterogeneity does not change. The enhanced relaxation may be due to increased dynamical heterogeneity. These findings provide a physical picture for better understanding the origin of low-temperature relaxation dynamics in amorphous solids, and the experimentally observed different β-relaxation behaviors in various metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - J Q Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang 315201, P. R. China
| | - Y Z Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China.
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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34
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Price HC, Mattsson J, Murray BJ. Sucrose diffusion in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19207-16. [PMID: 27364512 PMCID: PMC5044753 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of sugar in aqueous solution is important both in nature and in technological applications, yet measurements of diffusion coefficients at low water content are scarce. We report directly measured sucrose diffusion coefficients in aqueous solution. Our technique utilises a Raman isotope tracer method to monitor the diffusion of non-deuterated and deuterated sucrose across a boundary between the two aqueous solutions. At a water activity of 0.4 (equivalent to 90 wt% sucrose) at room temperature, the diffusion coefficient of sucrose was determined to be approximately four orders of magnitude smaller than that of water in the same material. Using literature viscosity data, we show that, although inappropriate for the prediction of water diffusion, the Stokes-Einstein equation works well for predicting sucrose diffusion under the conditions studied. As well as providing information of importance to the fundamental understanding of diffusion in binary solutions, these data have technological, pharmaceutical and medical implications, for example in cryopreservation. Moreover, in the atmosphere, slow organic diffusion may have important implications for aerosol growth, chemistry and evaporation, where processes may be limited by the inability of a molecule to diffuse between the bulk and the surface of a particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Price
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK .
| | - Johan Mattsson
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK .
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35
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Micoulaut M. Relaxation and physical aging in network glasses: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:066504. [PMID: 27213928 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/6/066504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the description of glassy relaxation and aging are reviewed for the wide class of network-forming materials such as GeO2, Ge x Se1-x , silicates (SiO2-Na2O) or borates (B2O3-Li2O), all of which have an important usefulness in domestic, geological or optoelectronic applications. A brief introduction of the glass transition phenomenology is given, together with the salient features that are revealed both from theory and experiments. Standard experimental methods used for the characterization of the slowing down of the dynamics are reviewed. We then discuss the important role played by aspects of network topology and rigidity for the understanding of the relaxation of the glass transition, while also permitting analytical predictions of glass properties from simple and insightful models based on the network structure. We also emphasize the great utility of computer simulations which probe the dynamics at the molecular level, and permit the calculation of various structure-related functions in connection with glassy relaxation and the physics of aging which reveal the non-equilibrium nature of glasses. We discuss the notion of spatial variations of structure which leads to the concept of 'dynamic heterogeneities', and recent results in relation to this important topic for network glasses are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Micoulaut
- Paris Sorbonne Universités, LPTMC-UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
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36
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Intrinsic correlation between β-relaxation and spatial heterogeneity in a metallic glass. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11516. [PMID: 27158084 PMCID: PMC4865810 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
β-relaxation has long been attributed to localized motion of constituent molecules or atoms confined to isolated regions in glasses. However, direct experimental evidence to support this spatially heterogeneous scenario is still missing. Here we report the evolution of nanoscale structural heterogeneity in a metallic glass during β-relaxation by utilizing amplitude-modulation dynamic atomic force microscopy. The successive degeneration of heterogeneity during β-relaxation can be well described by the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation. The characteristic relaxation time and activation energy of the heterogeneity evolution are in accord with those of excess enthalpy release by β-relaxation. Our study correlates β-relaxation with nanoscale spatial heterogeneity and provides direct evidence on the structural origins of β-relaxation in metallic glasses. Beta-relaxation in glasses is commonly attributed to the confined motions of constituent atoms in nanosized domains, but there is no direct evidence so far. Here, Zhu et al. show the correlation between the evolution of spatial heterogeneity at nanoscale and beta-relaxation below glass transition point.
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37
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Park DS, Wang H, Vasheghani Farahani SK, Walker M, Bhatnagar A, Seghier D, Choi CJ, Kang JH, McConville CF. Surface passivation of semiconducting oxides by self-assembled nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18449. [PMID: 26757827 PMCID: PMC4725940 DOI: 10.1038/srep18449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiochemical interactions which occur at the surfaces of oxide materials can significantly impair their performance in many device applications. As a result, surface passivation of oxide materials has been attempted via several deposition methods and with a number of different inert materials. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to passivate the surface of a versatile semiconducting oxide, zinc oxide (ZnO), evoking a self-assembly methodology. This is achieved via thermodynamic phase transformation, to passivate the surface of ZnO thin films with BeO nanoparticles. Our unique approach involves the use of BexZn1-xO (BZO) alloy as a starting material that ultimately yields the required coverage of secondary phase BeO nanoparticles, and prevents thermally-induced lattice dissociation and defect-mediated chemisorption, which are undesirable features observed at the surface of undoped ZnO. This approach to surface passivation will allow the use of semiconducting oxides in a variety of different electronic applications, while maintaining the inherent properties of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Park
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Haiyuan Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Akash Bhatnagar
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Djelloul Seghier
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, Reykjavik, IS-107, Iceland
| | - Chel-Jong Choi
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Hun Kang
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.,Department of Nano and Electronic Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris F McConville
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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38
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Li AB, Kluge JA, Guziewicz NA, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Silk-based stabilization of biomacromolecules. J Control Release 2015; 219:416-430. [PMID: 26403801 PMCID: PMC4656123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin is a high molecular weight amphiphilic protein that self-assembles into robust biomaterials with remarkable properties including stabilization of biologicals and tunable release kinetics correlated to processing conditions. Cells, antibiotics,monoclonal antibodies and peptides, among other biologics, have been encapsulated in silk using various processing approaches and material formats. The mechanistic basis for the entrapment and stabilization features, along with insights into the modulation of release of the entrained compounds from silks will be reviewed with a focus on stabilization of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kluge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Nicholas A Guziewicz
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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39
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Abstract
The relaxation spectrum of glassy solids has long been used to probe their dynamic structural features and the fundamental deformation mechanisms. Structurally complicated glasses, such as molecular glasses, often exhibit multiple relaxation processes. By comparison, metallic glasses have a simple atomic structure with dense atomic packing, and their relaxation spectra were commonly found to be simpler than those of molecular glasses. Here we show the compelling evidence obtained across a wide range of temperatures and frequencies from a La-based metallic glass, which clearly shows two peaks of secondary relaxations (fast versus slow) in addition to the primary relaxation peak. The discovery of the unusual fast secondary relaxation unveils the complicated relaxation dynamics in metallic glasses and, more importantly, provides us the clues which help decode the structural features serving as the ‘trigger' of inelasticity on mechanical agitations. Mechanical relaxation processes in glasses can provide information on the structural and mechanical properties of glasses. Here, the authors observe a fast secondary relaxation process in La-based metallic glasses, providing information on the inelasticity of metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- 1] Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072i, China [2] Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - S T Zhang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072i, China
| | - Y Yang
- Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Y D Dong
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072i, China
| | - C T Liu
- Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - J Lu
- Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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40
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Mechanical Relaxation of Metallic Glasses: An Overview of Experimental Data and Theoretical Models. METALS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/met5021073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Kim J, Sung BJ. Dynamic decoupling and local atomic order of a model multicomponent metallic glass-former. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:235102. [PMID: 25993620 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/23/235102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of multicomponent metallic alloys is spatially heterogeneous near glass transition. The diffusion coefficient of one component of the metallic alloys may also decouple from those of other components, i.e., the diffusion coefficient of each component depends differently on the viscosity of metallic alloys. In this work we investigate the dynamic heterogeneity and decoupling of a model system for multicomponent Pd43Cu27Ni10P20 melts by using a hard sphere model that considers the size disparity of alloys but does not take chemical effects into account. We also study how such dynamic behaviors would relate to the local atomic structure of metallic alloys. We find, from molecular dynamics simulations, that the smallest component P of multicomponent Pd43Cu27Ni10P20 melts becomes dynamically heterogeneous at a translational relaxation time scale and that the largest major component Pd forms a slow subsystem, which has been considered mainly responsible for the stabilization of amorphous state of alloys. The heterogeneous dynamics of P atoms accounts for the breakdown of Stokes-Einstein relation and also leads to the dynamic decoupling of P and Pd atoms. The dynamically heterogeneous P atoms decrease the lifetime of the local short-range atomic orders of both icosahedral and close-packed structures by orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
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42
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Aji DPB, Johari GP. Kinetic-freezing and unfreezing of local-region fluctuations in a glass structure observed by heat capacity hysteresis. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:214501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4921782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Zhu ZG, Li YZ, Wang Z, Gao XQ, Wen P, Bai HY, Ngai KL, Wang WH. Compositional origin of unusual β-relaxation properties in La-Ni-Al metallic glasses. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:084506. [PMID: 25173020 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-relaxation of metallic glasses (MGs) bears nontrivial connections to their microscopic and macroscopic properties. In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of the β-relaxation, we studied by dynamical mechanical measurements the change of its properties on varying the composition of La60Ni15Al25 in various ways. The properties of the β-relaxation turn out to be very sensitive to the composition. It is found that the isochronal loss peak temperature of β-relaxation, Tβ,peak, is effectively determined by the total (La + Ni) content. When Cu is added into the alloy to replace either La, Ni, or Al, the Tβ,peak increases with decrease of the (La + Ni) content. The trend is in accordance with data of binary and ternary MGs formed from La, Ni, Al, and Cu. Binary La-Ni MGs have pronounced β-relaxation loss peaks, well separated from the α-relaxation. In contrast, the β-relaxation is not resolved in La-Al and La-Cu MGs, showing up as an excess wing. For the ternary La-Ni-Al MGs, increase of La or Ni content is crucial to lower the Tβ,peak. Keeping the Al content fixed, increase of La content lowers the Tβ,peak further, indicating the more important role La plays in lowering Tβ,peak than Ni. The observed effects on changing the composition of La60Ni15Al25 lead to the conclusion that the properties of the β-relaxation are mainly determined by the interaction between the largest solvent element, La, and the smallest element, Ni. From our data, it is further deduced that La and Ni have high mobility in the MGs, and this explains why the β-relaxation in this La-based MGs is prominent and well resolved from the α-relaxation as opposed to Pd- and Zr-based MGs where the solvent and largest atoms, Pd and Zr, are the least mobile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Zhu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Q Gao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - P Wen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - K L Ngai
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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44
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Nguyen D, Mallek J, Cloud AN, Abelson JR, Girolami GS, Lyding J, Gruebele M. The energy landscape of glassy dynamics on the amorphous hafnium diboride surface. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:204501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4901132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Justin Mallek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Andrew N. Cloud
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - John R. Abelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gregory S. Girolami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Lyding
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Martin Gruebele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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45
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Wang C, Hu L, Wei C, Tong X, Zhou C, Sun Q, Hui X, Yue Y. Sub-Tg relaxation patterns in Cu-based metallic glasses far from equilibrium. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:164507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4898695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xu Tong
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Qijing Sun
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xidong Hui
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Section of Chemistry, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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46
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Basuki SW, Bartsch A, Yang F, Rätzke K, Meyer A, Faupel F. Decoupling of component diffusion in a glass-forming Zr(46.75)Ti(8.25)Cu(7.5)Ni(10)Be(27.5) melt far above the liquidus temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:165901. [PMID: 25361269 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.165901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report (95)Zr and (57)Co radiotracer diffusivities and viscosity data in the equilibrium liquid state of a bulk metallic glass forming Zr(46.75)Ti(8.25)Cu(7.5)Ni(10)Be(27.5) melt (Vitreloy 4) far above the liquidus temperature T(l) that are not affected by convection, as evidenced via quasielastic neutron scattering. Zr diffusion is strongly decoupled from diffusion of the smaller components by more than a factor of 4 at T(l), although it obeys the Stokes-Einstein equation. The results suggest that, in the present Zr-based metallic glass forming systems, diffusion and viscous flow start to develop solidlike, i.e., energy-landscape-controlled, features already in the stable liquid state more than 300 K above the mode coupling temperature T(c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Wahyuni Basuki
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft-Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstrasse 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartsch
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft-Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstrasse 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - Klaus Rätzke
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft-Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstrasse 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft-Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Technische Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstrasse 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
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47
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Abstract
Abstract
Focusing on metallic glasses as model systems, we review the features and mechanisms of the β-relaxations, which are intrinsic and universal to supercooled liquids and glasses, and demonstrate their importance in understanding many crucial unresolved issues in glassy physics and materials science, including glass transition phenomena, mechanical properties, shear-banding dynamics and deformation mechanisms, diffusion and the breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation as well as crystallization and stability of glasses. We illustrate that it is an attractive prospect to incorporate these insights into the design of new glassy materials with extraordinary properties. We also outline important questions regarding the nature of β-relaxations and highlight some emerging research directions in this still-evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bin Yu
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hai Yang Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Konrad Samwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Qiao J, Casalini R, Pelletier JM. Effect of physical aging on Johari-Goldstein relaxation in La-based bulk metallic glass. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:104510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4895396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cicerone MT, Zhong Q, Tyagi M. Picosecond dynamic heterogeneity, hopping, and Johari-Goldstein relaxation in glass-forming liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:117801. [PMID: 25260005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We show that incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering from molecular liquids reveals a two-state dynamic heterogeneity on a 1 ps time scale, where molecules are either highly confined or are free to undergo relatively large excursions. Data ranging from deep in the glassy state to well above the melting point allows us to observe temperature-dependent population levels and exchange between these two states. A simple physical picture emerges from this data, combined with published work, that provides a mechanism for hopping and for the Johari-Goldstein (β_{JG}) relaxation, and allows us to accurately calculate the diffusion coefficient, D_{T}, and characteristic times for α, and β_{JG} relaxations from ps time scale neutron data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus T Cicerone
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8543, USA and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Qin Zhong
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8543, USA
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8543, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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50
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Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. Dynamic correlations and heterogeneity in the primary and secondary relaxations of a model molecular liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:052304. [PMID: 25353797 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out on a series of Lennard-Jones binary mixtures of rigid, asymmetric, dumbbell-shaped molecules. Below an onset temperature, the rotational and translational dynamics split into the slow structural α relaxation and a higher-frequency Johari-Goldstein β relaxation. Both processes are dynamically heterogeneous, having broad distributions of relaxation times. However, only the α relaxation shows strong dynamic correlations; correlations at the β time scale are weak, in particular for molecules having shorter bonds. Despite the close connection between the two processes, we find no correlation between the α and β relaxation times of individual molecules; that is, a molecule exhibiting slow β motion does not necessarily undergo slow α dynamics and likewise for fast molecules. However, the single-molecule α relaxation times do correlate with both the α and β relaxation strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fragiadakis
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - C M Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
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