1
|
Shih TJ, Huang WK, Lin YM, Li KB, Hsu CY, Chen JM, Tu PY, Peters T, Chen YF, Yu IA. Universal relation between the conditional auto-correlation function and the cross-correlation function of biphotons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:13657-13671. [PMID: 38859330 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We systematically studied the relation between the conditional auto-correlation function (CACF) and cross-correlation function (CCF) of biphotons or pairs of single photons. The biphotons were generated from a heated atomic vapor via the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process. In practical usage, one single photon of a pair is utilized as the heralding photon, and another is employed as the heralded photon. Motivated by the data of CACF of the heralded photons versus CCF, we proposed a universal formula to predict the CACF. The derived formula was based on general theory and is also valid for the biphoton generation process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). With the formula, we utilized the experimentally determined parameters to predict CACFs, which can well agree with the measured CACFs. The proposed formula enables one to quantitatively know the CACF of heralded single photons without the measurement of Hanbury-Brown-Twiss-type three-fold coincidence count. This study provides a better understanding of biphoton generation using the SFWM or SPDC process. Our work demonstrates a valuable tool for analyzing a vital property of how the heralded photons are close to Fock-state single photons.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji L, He Y, Cai Q, Fang Z, Wang Y, Qiu L, Zhou L, Wu S, Grava S, Chang DE. Superradiant Detection of Microscopic Optical Dipolar Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:253602. [PMID: 38181370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between light and cold atoms is a complex phenomenon potentially featuring many-body resonant dipole interactions. A major obstacle toward exploring these quantum resources of the system is macroscopic light propagation effects, which not only limit the available time for the microscopic correlations to locally build up, but also create a directional, superradiant emission background whose variations can overwhelm the microscopic effects. In this Letter, we demonstrate a method to perform "background-free" detection of the microscopic optical dynamics in a laser-cooled atomic ensemble. This is made possible by transiently suppressing the macroscopic optical propagation over a substantial time, before a recall of superradiance that imprints the effect of the accumulated microscopic dynamics onto an efficiently detectable outgoing field. We apply this technique to unveil and precisely characterize a density-dependent, microscopic dipolar dephasing effect that generally limits the lifetime of optical spin-wave order in ensemble-based atom-light interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjing Ji
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yizun He
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingnan Cai
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhening Fang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyang Qiu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saijun Wu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Stefano Grava
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darrick E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin WJ, Lu Y, Wen PY, Cheng YT, Lee CP, Lin KT, Chiang KH, Hsieh MC, Chen CY, Chien CH, Lin JJ, Chen JC, Lin YH, Chuu CS, Nori F, Frisk Kockum A, Lin GD, Delsing P, Hoi IC. Deterministic Loading of Microwaves onto an Artificial Atom Using a Time-Reversed Waveform. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8137-8142. [PMID: 36200986 PMCID: PMC9615994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Loading quantum information deterministically onto a quantum node is an important step toward a quantum network. Here, we demonstrate that coherent-state microwave photons with an optimal temporal waveform can be efficiently loaded onto a single superconducting artificial atom in a semi-infinite one-dimensional (1D) transmission-line waveguide. Using a weak coherent state (the number of photons (N) contained in the pulse ≪1) with an exponentially rising waveform, whose time constant matches the decoherence time of the artificial atom, we demonstrate a loading efficiency of 94.2% ± 0.7% from 1D semifree space to the artificial atom. The high loading efficiency is due to time-reversal symmetry: the overlap between the incoming wave and the time-reversed emitted wave is up to 97.1% ± 0.4%. Our results open up promising applications in realizing quantum networks based on waveguide quantum electrodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Yong Lu
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
- 3rd
Institute of Physics, IQST, and Research Centre SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart70049, Germany
| | - Ping Yi Wen
- Department
of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi621301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Lee
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Ting Lin
- CQSE,
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Hsun Chiang
- Department
of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming Che Hsieh
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yeh Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsun Chien
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jia Jhan Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Chung Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Yen Hsiang Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Chuu
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical
Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama351-0198, Japan
- Physics
Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109-1040, United States
| | - Anton Frisk Kockum
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guin Dar Lin
- CQSE,
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Physics
Division, National Center for Theoretical
Sciences, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Trapped-Ion
Quantum Computing Laboratory, Hon Hai Research
Institute, Taipei11492, Taiwan
| | - Per Delsing
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Io-Chun Hoi
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rastogi A, Saglamyurek E, Hrushevskyi T, LeBlanc LJ. Superradiance-Mediated Photon Storage for Broadband Quantum Memory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:120502. [PMID: 36179159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.120502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Superradiance, characterized by the collective, coherent emission of light from an excited ensemble of emitters, generates photonic signals on timescales faster than the natural lifetime of an individual atom. The rapid exchange of coherence between atomic emitters and photonic fields in the superradiant regime enables a fast, broadband quantum memory. We demonstrate this superradiance memory mechanism in an ensemble of cold rubidium atoms and verify that this protocol is suitable for pulses on timescales shorter than the atoms' natural lifetime. Our simulations show that the superradiance memory protocol yields the highest bandwidth storage among protocols in the same system. These high-bandwidth quantum memories provide unique opportunities for fast processing of optical and microwave photonic signals, with applications in large-scale quantum communication and quantum computing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Rastogi
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Erhan Saglamyurek
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Taras Hrushevskyi
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lindsay J LeBlanc
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Korman S, Bahar E, Arieli U, Suchowski H. Spatio-temporal ultrafast pulse shaping at the femtosecond-nanometer scale. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4279-4282. [PMID: 36048633 DOI: 10.1364/ol.461953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical pulse shaping is a fundamental tool for coherent control of the light-matter interaction. While such control enables the measurement of ultrafast temporal dynamics, simultaneous spatiotemporal control is required for studying non-local ultrafast charge dynamics at the nanoscale. However, obtaining accurate spatial control at a sub-wavelength resolution with conventional optical elements poses significant difficulty. Here, we use the spatiotemporal coupling naturally arising in a spatial light modulator based pulse shaping apparatus to achieve accurate control with femto-nano spatiotemporal resolution. We experimentally demonstrate spatial steering at the sub-micron scale of second harmonic generation from nanostructures. In addition, we apply an absolute-value spectral phase to achieve controlled double pulses for nanoscale excitation. We introduce a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme for accurate tunable spatiotemporal pump-probe experiments. This method offers rich insight into materials with ultrafast transport phenomena at the femtosecond-nanometer regimes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo M. Quantum interference control of perfect photon absorption in a three-level atom-cavity system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:27653-27660. [PMID: 34615177 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for controlling coherent photon absorption by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level atom-cavity system. Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) occurs when time-reversed symmetry of lasing process is obtained with the destructive interference at the cavity interfaces. The frequency range of CPA is generally dependent on the decay rates of the cavity mirrors. The smaller decay rate of the cavity mirror causes the wider frequency range of CPA, and the needed intensity of the probe fields is larger to satisfy CPA condition for a given frequency. Although Rabi frequency of the control laser has little effect on the frequency range of CPA, with EIT-type quantum interference, the CPA mode is tunable by the control laser. In addition, with the relative phase, the probe fields can be perfectly transmitted and/or reflected. Therefore, the system can be used as a controllable coherent perfect absorber or transmitter (reflector), and our work may have practical applications in optical logic devices.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen YJ, Chuu CS. Manipulation of multipartite entanglement in an array of quantum dots. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:19796-19806. [PMID: 34266082 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite entanglement is indispensable in the implementation of quantum technologies and the fundamental test of quantum mechanics. Here we study how the W state and W-like state may be generated in a quantum-dot array by controlling the coupling between an incident photon and the quantum dots on a waveguide. We also discuss how the coupling may be controlled to observe the sudden death of entanglement. Our work can find potential applications in quantum information processing.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ikuta R, Tani R, Ishizaki M, Miki S, Yabuno M, Terai H, Imoto N, Yamamoto T. Frequency-Multiplexed Photon Pairs Over 1000 Modes from a Quadratic Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Resonator with a Singly Resonant Configuration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:193603. [PMID: 31765215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a frequency multiplexed photon pair generation based on a quadratic nonlinear optical waveguide inside a cavity which confines only signal photons without confining idler photons and the pump light. We monolithically constructed the photon pair generator by a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide with a high reflective coating for the signal photons around 1600 nm and with antireflective coatings for the idler photons around 1520 nm and the pump light at 780 nm at the end faces of the PPLN waveguide. We observed a comblike photon pair generation with a mode spacing of the free spectral range of the cavity. Unlike the conventional multiple resonant photon pair generation experiments, the photon pair generation was incessant within a range of 80 nm without missing teeth due to a mismatch of the energy conservation and the cavity resonance condition of the photons, resulting in over 1000-mode frequency multiplexed photon pairs in this range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikizo Ikuta
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryoya Tani
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shigehito Miki
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Kobe 651-2492, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-0013, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yabuno
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Terai
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Imoto
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu CH, Liu CK, Chen YC, Chuu CS. Revival of Quantum Interference by Modulating the Biphotons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:143601. [PMID: 31702211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to manipulate the wave packets of single photons or biphotons has enriched quantum optics and quantum information science, with examples ranging from faithful quantum-state mapping and high-efficiency quantum memory to the purification of single photons. Here we demonstrate another fascinating use of wave packet manipulation on restoring quantum interference. By modulating the photons' temporal wave packet, we observe the revival of postselected entanglement that would otherwise be degraded or lost due to poor quantum interference. Our study shows that the amount of the restored entanglement is only limited by the forms of modulation and can achieve full recovery if the modulation function is properly designed. Our work has potential applications in long-distance quantum communication and linear optical quantum computation, particularly for quantum repeaters and large cluster states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Center for Quantum Technology, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Kai Liu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Center for Quantum Technology, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Center for Quantum Technology, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Chuu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Center for Quantum Technology, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang CC, Lin L, Chen GY. Photon-Assisted Perfect Conductivity Between Arrays of Two-Level Atoms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13033. [PMID: 31506596 PMCID: PMC6736950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate interactions between two (parallel) arrays of two-level atoms (2LA) via photons through quantum electrodynamical interaction with one array (the source array) connected to a particle source, and we study the (photo-)resistivity of the other array (the measured array). The wave function of the interacted photon propagating in an array is a Bloch wave with a gap in its eigenvalue (the photonic dispersion). Due to interactions between arrayed 2LA and the dressed photonic field with non-linear dispersion, the conduction behaviors of the measured array can be very diversified according to the input energy of the particle source connected to the source array, and their relative positions. As a result, the resistivity of the measured array can be zero or negative, and can also be oscillatory with respect to the incoming energy of the particle source of the source array, and the separation between arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Chang
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Lee Lin
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Guang-Yin Chen
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Transport of Photonic Bloch Wave in Arrayed Two-Level Atoms. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1519. [PMID: 29367748 PMCID: PMC5784147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a quantum system of arrayed two-level atoms interacting with light, the interacted (dressed) photon is propagating in a periodic medium and its eigenstate ought to be of Bloch type with lattice symmetry. As the energy of photon is around the spacing between the two atomic energy levels, the photon will be absorbed and is not in the propagating mode but the attenuated mode. Therefore an energy gap exists in the dispersion relation of the photonic Bloch wave of dressed photon in addition to the nonlinear behaviors due to atom-light interactions. There follows several interesting results which are distinct from those obtained through a linear dispersion relation of free photon. For example, slow light can exist, the density of state of dressed photon is non-Lorentzian and is very large around the energy gap; the Rabi oscillations become monotonically decreasing in some cases; and besides the superradiance occurs at long wavelengths, the spontaneous emission is also very strong near the energy gap because of the high density of state.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shu C, Chen P, Chow TKA, Zhu L, Xiao Y, Loy MMT, Du S. Subnatural-linewidth biphotons from a Doppler-broadened hot atomic vapour cell. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12783. [PMID: 27658721 PMCID: PMC5036144 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Entangled photon pairs, termed as biphotons, have been the benchmark tool for experimental quantum optics. The quantum-network protocols based on photon-atom interfaces have stimulated a great demand for single photons with bandwidth comparable to or narrower than the atomic natural linewidth. In the past decade, laser-cooled atoms have often been used for producing such biphotons, but the apparatus is too large and complicated for engineering. Here we report the generation of subnatural-linewidth (<6 MHz) biphotons from a Doppler-broadened (530 MHz) hot atomic vapour cell. We use on-resonance spontaneous four-wave mixing in a hot paraffin-coated 87Rb vapour cell at 63 °C to produce biphotons with controllable bandwidth (1.9-3.2 MHz) and coherence time (47-94 ns). Our backward phase-matching scheme with spatially separated optical pumping is the key to suppress uncorrelated photons from resonance fluorescence. The result may lead towards miniature narrowband biphoton sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Shu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Kiu Aaron Chow
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingbang Zhu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhong Xiao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - M M T Loy
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengwang Du
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ogawa H, Ohdan H, Miyata K, Taguchi M, Makino K, Yonezawa H, Yoshikawa JI, Furusawa A. Real-Time Quadrature Measurement of a Single-Photon Wave Packet with Continuous Temporal-Mode Matching. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:233602. [PMID: 27341231 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.233602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Real-time controls based on quantum measurements are powerful tools for various quantum protocols. However, their experimental realization has been limited by mode mismatch between the temporal mode of quadrature measurement and that heralded by photon detection. Here, we demonstrate real-time quadrature measurement of a single-photon wave packet induced by photon detection by utilizing continuous temporal-mode matching between homodyne detection and an exponentially rising temporal mode. Single photons in exponentially rising modes are also expected to be useful resources for interactions with other quantum systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Ogawa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ohdan
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyata
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masahiro Taguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenzo Makino
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Yonezawa
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akira Furusawa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao L, Guo X, Sun Y, Su Y, Loy MMT, Du S. Shaping the Biphoton Temporal Waveform with Spatial Light Modulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:193601. [PMID: 26588379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a technique for shaping the temporal wave function of biphotons generated from spatially modulated spontaneous four-wave mixing in cold atoms. We show that the spatial profile of the pump field can be mapped onto the biphoton temporal wave function in the group delay regime. The spatial profile of the pump laser beam is shaped by using a spatial light modulator. This spatial-to-temporal mapping enables the generation of narrow-band biphotons with controllable temporal waveforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Zhao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianxin Guo
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yumian Su
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - M M T Loy
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengwang Du
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen P, Shu C, Guo X, Loy MMT, Du S. Measuring the biphoton temporal wave function with polarization-dependent and time-resolved two-photon interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:010401. [PMID: 25615453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate an approach to measuring the biphoton temporal wave function with polarization-dependent and time-resolved two-photon interference. Through six sets of two-photon interference measurements projected onto different polarization subspaces, we can reconstruct the amplitude and phase functions of the biphoton temporal waveform. For the first time, we apply this technique to experimentally determine the temporal quantum states of the narrow-band biphotons generated from the spontaneous four-wave mixing in cold atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Shu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianxin Guo
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - M M T Loy
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengwang Du
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Srivathsan B, Gulati GK, Cerè A, Chng B, Kurtsiefer C. Reversing the temporal envelope of a heralded single photon using a cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:163601. [PMID: 25361256 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a way to prepare single photons with a temporal envelope that resembles the time reversal of photons from the spontaneous decay process. We use the photon pairs generated from a time-ordered cascade decay: the detection of the first photon of the cascade is used as a herald for the ground-state transition resonant second photon. We show how the interaction of the heralding photon with an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity reverses the temporal shape of its twin photon from a decaying to a rising exponential envelope. This single photon is expected to be ideal for interacting with two-level systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Srivathsan
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Gulati
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Alessandro Cerè
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Brenda Chng
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Christian Kurtsiefer
- Centre for Quantum Technologies and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu C, Sun Y, Zhao L, Zhang S, Loy MMT, Du S. Efficiently loading a single photon into a single-sided Fabry-Perot cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:133601. [PMID: 25302886 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a single photon with an optimal temporal waveform can be efficiently loaded into a cavity. Using heralded narrow-band single photons with exponential growth wave packet shaped by an electro-optical amplitude modulator, whose time constant matches the photon lifetime in the cavity, we demonstrate a loading efficiency of (87±2)% from free space to a single-sided Fabry-Perot cavity. We further demonstrate directly loading heralded single Stokes photons into the cavity with an efficiency of (60±5)% without the electro-optical amplitude modulator and verify the time reversal between the frequency-entangled paired photons. Our result and approach may enable promising applications in realizing large-scale quantum networks based on cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luwei Zhao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanchao Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - M M T Loy
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengwang Du
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang S, Agarwal GS. Coherent perfect absorption of path entangled single photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:20936-20947. [PMID: 25321294 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.020936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examine the question of coherent perfect absorption (CPA) of single photons, and more generally, of the quantum fields by a macroscopic medium. We show the CPA of path entangled single photons in a Fabry-Perot interferometer containing an absorptive medium. The frequency of perfect absorption can be controlled by changing the interferometer parameters like the reflectivity and the complex dielectric constant of the material. We exhibit similar results for path entangled photons in micro-ring resonators. For entangled fields like the ones produced by a down converter the CPA aspect is evident in phase sensitive detection schemes such as in measurements of the squeezing spectrum.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liao K, Yan H, He J, Du S, Zhang ZM, Zhu SL. Subnatural-linewidth polarization-entangled photon pairs with controllable temporal length. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:243602. [PMID: 24996089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.243602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient experimental scheme for producing polarization-entangled photon pairs from spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a laser-cooled (85)Rb atomic ensemble, with a bandwidth (as low as 0.8 MHz) much narrower than the rubidium atomic natural linewidth. By stabilizing the relative phase between the two SFWM paths in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration, we are able to produce all four Bell states. These subnatural-linewidth photon pairs with polarization entanglement are ideal quantum information carriers for connecting remote atomic quantum nodes via efficient light-matter interaction in a photon-atom quantum network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Liao
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junyu He
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengwang Du
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Information and Photoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi-Liang Zhu
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jeffrey E, Sank D, Mutus JY, White TC, Kelly J, Barends R, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Megrant A, O'Malley PJJ, Neill C, Roushan P, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Fast accurate state measurement with superconducting qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:190504. [PMID: 24877923 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Faster and more accurate state measurement is required for progress in superconducting qubit experiments with greater numbers of qubits and advanced techniques such as feedback. We have designed a multiplexed measurement system with a bandpass filter that allows fast measurement without increasing environmental damping of the qubits. We use this to demonstrate simultaneous measurement of four qubits on a single superconducting integrated circuit, the fastest of which can be measured to 99.8% accuracy in 140 ns. This accuracy and speed is suitable for advanced multiqubit experiments including surface-code error correction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Jeffrey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Daniel Sank
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - J Y Mutus
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - T C White
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - R Barends
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P J J O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Vainsencher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A N Cleland
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|