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Schönhense G, Medjanik K, Fedchenko O, Zymaková A, Chernov S, Kutnyakhov D, Vasilyev D, Babenkov S, Elmers HJ, Baumgärtel P, Goslawski P, Öhrwall G, Grunske T, Kauerhof T, von Volkmann K, Kallmayer M, Ellguth M, Oelsner A. Time-of-flight photoelectron momentum microscopy with 80-500 MHz photon sources: electron-optical pulse picker or bandpass pre-filter. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1891-1908. [PMID: 34738944 PMCID: PMC8570213 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521010511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The small time gaps of synchrotron radiation in conventional multi-bunch mode (100-500 MHz) or laser-based sources with high pulse rate (∼80 MHz) are prohibitive for time-of-flight (ToF) based photoelectron spectroscopy. Detectors with time resolution in the 100 ps range yield only 20-100 resolved time slices within the small time gap. Here we present two techniques of implementing efficient ToF recording at sources with high repetition rate. A fast electron-optical beam blanking unit with GHz bandwidth, integrated in a photoelectron momentum microscope, allows electron-optical `pulse-picking' with any desired repetition period. Aberration-free momentum distributions have been recorded at reduced pulse periods of 5 MHz (at MAX II) and 1.25 MHz (at BESSY II). The approach is compared with two alternative solutions: a bandpass pre-filter (here a hemispherical analyzer) or a parasitic four-bunch island-orbit pulse train, coexisting with the multi-bunch pattern on the main orbit. Chopping in the time domain or bandpass pre-selection in the energy domain can both enable efficient ToF spectroscopy and photoelectron momentum microscopy at 100-500 MHz synchrotrons, highly repetitive lasers or cavity-enhanced high-harmonic sources. The high photon flux of a UV-laser (80 MHz, <1 meV bandwidth) facilitates momentum microscopy with an energy resolution of 4.2 meV and an analyzed region-of-interest (ROI) down to <800 nm. In this novel approach to `sub-µm-ARPES' the ROI is defined by a small field aperture in an intermediate Gaussian image, regardless of the size of the photon spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Schönhense
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Medjanik
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - O. Fedchenko
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Zymaková
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Chernov
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Kutnyakhov
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Vasilyev
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Babenkov
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H. J. Elmers
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - P. Goslawski
- BESSY II, Helmholtz-Zentrum, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Öhrwall
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Ellguth
- Surface Concept GmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Oelsner
- Surface Concept GmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Vadilonga S, Zizak I, Roshchupkin D, Emelin E, Leitenberger W, Rössle M, Erko A. Piezo-modulated active grating for selecting X-ray pulses separated by one nanosecond. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:34962-34976. [PMID: 34808943 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel method of temporal modulation of X-ray radiation for time resolved experiments. To control the intensity of the X-ray beam, the Bragg reflection of a piezoelectric crystal is modified using comb-shaped electrodes deposited on the crystal surface. Voltage applied to the electrodes induces a periodic deformation of the crystal that acts as a diffraction grating, splitting the original Bragg reflection into several satellites. A pulse of X-rays can be created by rapidly switching the voltage on and off. In our prototype device the duty cycle was limited to ∼1 ns by the driving electronics. The prototype can be used to generate X-ray pulses from a continuous source. It can also be electrically correlated to a synchrotron light source and be activated to transmit only selected synchrotron pulses. Since the device operates in a non-resonant mode, different activation patterns and pulse durations can be achieved.
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3
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Chen P, Jung IW, Walko DA, Li Z, Gao Y, Mooney T, Shenoy GK, Lopez D, Wang J. Optics-on-a-chip for ultrafast manipulation of 350-MHz hard x-ray pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:13624-13640. [PMID: 33985094 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are miniature devices integrated into a vast range of industrial and consumer applications. Optical MEMS are developed for dynamic spatiotemporal control in lightwave manipulation and communication as modulators, switches, multiplexers, spectrometer, etc. However, they have not been shown to function similarly in sub-nm wavelength regimes, namely, with hard x-rays, as high-brilliance pulsed x-rays have proven powerful for addressing challenges in time-domain science, from energy conversion to neurobiological control. While desirable temporal properties of x-ray pulses can be enhanced by optics, conventional x-ray optics are inherently massive in size, hence, never dynamic. We demonstrate highly ultrafast x-ray optics-on-a-chip based on MEMS capable of modulating hard x-ray pulses exceeding 350 MHz, 103× higher than any other mechanical modulator, with a pulse purity >106 without compromising the spectral brilliance. Moreover, the timing characteristics of the devices can be tuned on-the-fly to deliver optimal pulse properties to create a host of dynamic x-ray instruments and applications, impossible with traditional optics of 109× bulkier and more massive. The advent of the ultrafast optics-on-a-chip heralds a new paradigm of x-ray photonics, time-domain science, and accelerator diagnostics, especially at not only the future-generation light sources that offer coherent and high-frequency pulses but also lab-based facilities that normally do not offer timing structures.
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Hwang JG, Schiwietz G, Abo-Bakr M, Atkinson T, Ries M, Goslawski P, Klemz G, Müller R, Schälicke A, Jankowiak A. Generation of intense and coherent sub-femtosecond X-ray pulses in electron storage rings. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10093. [PMID: 32572105 PMCID: PMC7308344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporally short X-ray pulses are an indispensable tool for the study of electron transitions close to the Fermi energy and structural changes in molecules undergoing chemical reactions which take place on a time-scale of hundreds of femtoseconds. The time resolution of experiments at 3rd generation light sources which produce intense synchrotron radiation is limited fundamentally by the electron-bunch length in the range of tens of picoseconds. Here we propose a new scheme for the generation of intense and coherent sub-femtoseconds soft X-ray pulses in storage rings by applying the Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) method. Many issues for obtaining the EEHG structure such as two modulators and a radiator are solved by a paradigm shift in an achromatic storage ring cell. Numerical demonstration of the feasibility of the scheme for the BESSY II beam parameters is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-G Hwang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany.
| | - G Schiwietz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - M Abo-Bakr
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - T Atkinson
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - M Ries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - P Goslawski
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - G Klemz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - R Müller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - A Schälicke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - A Jankowiak
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
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5
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Schoenlein R, Elsaesser T, Holldack K, Huang Z, Kapteyn H, Murnane M, Woerner M. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray sources. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180384. [PMID: 30929633 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over more than a century, X-rays have transformed our understanding of the fundamental structure of matter and have been an indispensable tool for chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and related fields. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray sources operating in the femtosecond to attosecond regimes have opened an important new frontier in X-ray science. These advances now enable: (i) sensitive probing of structural dynamics in matter on the fundamental timescales of atomic motion, (ii) element-specific probing of electronic structure and charge dynamics on fundamental timescales of electronic motion, and (iii) powerful new approaches for unravelling the coupling between electronic and atomic structural dynamics that underpin the properties and function of matter. Most notable is the recent realization of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with numerous new XFEL facilities in operation or under development worldwide. Advances in XFELs are complemented by advances in synchrotron-based and table-top laser-plasma X-ray sources now operating in the femtosecond regime, and laser-based high-order harmonic XUV sources operating in the attosecond regime. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schoenlein
- 1 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 , USA
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- 2 Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Karsten Holldack
- 3 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Zhirong Huang
- 1 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 , USA
| | - Henry Kapteyn
- 4 Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309-0440 , USA
| | - Margaret Murnane
- 4 Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309-0440 , USA
| | - Michael Woerner
- 2 Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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Chen P, Jung IW, Walko DA, Li Z, Gao Y, Shenoy GK, López D, Wang J. Ultrafast photonic micro-systems to manipulate hard X-rays at 300 picoseconds. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1158. [PMID: 30858369 PMCID: PMC6411987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved and ultrafast hard X-ray imaging, scattering and spectroscopy are powerful tools for elucidating the temporal and spatial evolution of complexity in materials. However, their temporal resolution has been limited by the storage-ring timing patterns and X-ray pulse width at synchrotron sources. Here we demonstrate that dynamic X-ray optics based on micro-electro-mechanical-system resonators can manipulate hard X-ray pulses on time scales down to 300 ps, comparable to the X-ray pulse width from typical synchrotron sources. This is achieved by timing the resonators with the storage ring to diffract X-ray pulses through the narrow Bragg peak of the single-crystalline material. Angular velocities exceeding 107 degrees s−1 are reached while maintaining the maximum linear velocity well below the sonic speed and material breakdown limit. As the time scale of the devices shortens, the devices promise to spatially disperse the temporal width of X-rays, thus generating a temporal resolution below the pulse-width limit. It is desirable to improve spatiotemporal control of light generated by synchrotron user facilities or table-top X-ray sources. Here the authors demonstrate manipulation of hard X-rays using microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS) oscillators on timescales of 300 ps, approaching the synchrotron pulse width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pice Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, 60439, IL, USA
| | - Il Woong Jung
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, 60439, IL, USA
| | - Donald A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, 60439, IL, USA
| | - Zhilong Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, 60439, IL, USA
| | - Ya Gao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, 60439, IL, USA
| | - Gopal K Shenoy
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, 60439, IL, USA
| | - Daniel López
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, 60439, IL, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, 60439, IL, USA.
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7
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Arion T, Eberhardt W, Feikes J, Gottwald A, Goslawski P, Hoehl A, Kaser H, Kolbe M, Li J, Lupulescu C, Richter M, Ries M, Roth F, Ruprecht M, Tydecks T, Wüstefeld G. Transverse resonance island buckets for synchrotron-radiation based electron time-of-flight spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:103114. [PMID: 30399919 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At the Metrology Light Source (MLS), the compact electron storage ring of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) with a circumference of 48 m, a specific operation mode with two stable closed orbits for stored electrons was realized by transverse resonance island buckets. One of these orbits is closing only after three turns. In combination with single-bunch operation, the new mode was applied for electron time-of-flight spectroscopy with an interval of the synchrotron radiation pulses which is three times the revolution period at the MLS of 160 ns. The achievement is of significant importance for PTB's future programs of angular-resolved electron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation and similar projects at other compact electron storage rings. The scheme applied here for selecting the photons originating from a particular orbit by optical imaging has been used before in fs slicing applications and may be relevant for the BESSY VSR project of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arion
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science/DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Eberhardt
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science/DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Feikes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Gottwald
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Goslawski
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Hoehl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Kaser
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kolbe
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Lupulescu
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Ries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Roth
- Institute for Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - M Ruprecht
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Tydecks
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Wüstefeld
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Fischer P, Ohldag H. X-rays and magnetism. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:094501. [PMID: 26288956 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/9/094501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism is among the most active and attractive areas in modern solid state physics because of intriguing phenomena interesting to fundamental research and a manifold of technological applications. State-of-the-art synthesis of advanced magnetic materials, e.g. in hybrid structures paves the way to new functionalities. To characterize modern magnetic materials and the associated magnetic phenomena, polarized x-rays have emerged as unique probes due to their specific interaction with magnetic materials. A large variety of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques have been developed to quantify in an element, valence and site-sensitive way properties of ferro-, ferri-, and antiferromagnetic systems, such as spin and orbital moments, and to image nanoscale spin textures and their dynamics with sub-ns time and almost 10 nm spatial resolution. The enormous intensity of x-rays and their degree of coherence at next generation x-ray facilities will open the fsec time window to magnetic studies addressing fundamental time scales in magnetism with nanometer spatial resolution. This review will give an introduction into contemporary topics of nanoscale magnetic materials and provide an overview of analytical spectroscopy and microscopy tools based on x-ray dichroism effects. Selected examples of current research will demonstrate the potential and future directions of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fischer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Physics Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 94056, USA
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9
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Schmitz-Antoniak C. X-ray absorption spectroscopy on magnetic nanoscale systems for modern applications. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:062501. [PMID: 26029938 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/6/062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy facilitated by state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation technology is presented as a powerful tool to study nanoscale systems, in particular revealing their static element-specific magnetic and electronic properties on a microscopic level. A survey is given on the properties of nanoparticles, nanocomposites and thin films covering a broad range of possible applications. It ranges from the ageing effects of iron oxide nanoparticles in dispersion for biomedical applications to the characterisation on a microscopic level of nanoscale systems for data storage devices. In this respect, new concepts for electrically addressable magnetic data storage devices are highlighted by characterising the coupling in a BaTiO(3)/CoFe(2)O(4) nanocomposite as prototypical model system. But classical magnetically addressable devices are also discussed on the basis of tailoring the magnetic properties of self-assembled ensembles of FePt nanoparticles for data storage and the high-moment material Fe/Cr/Gd for write heads. For the latter cases, the importance is emphasised of combining experimental approaches in x-ray absorption spectroscopy with density functional theory to gain a more fundamental understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schmitz-Antoniak
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany
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10
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Förster DF, Lindenau B, Leyendecker M, Janssen F, Winkler C, Schumann FO, Kirschner J, Holldack K, Föhlisch A. Phase-locked MHz pulse selector for x-ray sources. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2265-8. [PMID: 26393715 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Picosecond x-ray pulses are extracted with a phase-locked x-ray pulse selector at 1.25 MHz repetition rate from the pulse trains of the accelerator-driven multiuser x-ray source BESSY II preserving the peak brilliance at high pulse purity. The system consists of a specially designed in-vacuum chopper wheel rotating with ≈1 kHz angular frequency. The wheel is driven in an ultrahigh vacuum and is levitated on magnetic bearings being capable of withstanding high centrifugal forces. Pulses are picked by 1252 high-precision slits of 70 μm width on the outer rim of the wheel corresponding to a temporal opening window of the chopper of 70 ns. We demonstrate how the electronic phase stabilization of ±2 ns together with an arrival time jitter of the individual slits of the same order of magnitude allows us to pick short single bunch x-ray pulses out of a 200 ns ion clearing gap in a multibunch pulse train as emitted from a synchrotron facility at 1.25 MHz repetition rate with a pulse purity below the shot noise detection limit. The approach is applicable to any high-repetition pulsed radiation source, in particular in the x-ray spectral range up to 10 keV. The opening window in a real x-ray beamline, its stability, as well as the limits of mechanical pulse picking techniques in the MHz range are discussed.
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11
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Hertlein MP, Scholl A, Cordones AA, Lee JH, Engelhorn K, Glover TE, Barbrel B, Sun C, Steier C, Portmann G, Robin DS. X-rays only when you want them: optimized pump-probe experiments using pseudo-single-bunch operation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:729-35. [PMID: 25931090 PMCID: PMC4416684 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Laser pump-X-ray probe experiments require control over the X-ray pulse pattern and timing. Here, the first use of pseudo-single-bunch mode at the Advanced Light Source in picosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption experiments on solutions and solids is reported. In this mode the X-ray repetition rate is fully adjustable from single shot to 500 kHz, allowing it to be matched to typical laser excitation pulse rates. Suppressing undesired X-ray pulses considerably reduces detector noise and improves signal to noise in time-resolved experiments. In addition, dose-induced sample damage is considerably reduced, easing experimental setup and allowing the investigation of less robust samples. Single-shot X-ray exposures of a streak camera detector using a conventional non-gated charge-coupled device (CCD) camera are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Hertlein
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A. Scholl
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A. A. Cordones
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J. H. Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K. Engelhorn
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T. E. Glover
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B. Barbrel
- Department of Physics, University of California, 366 LeConte Hall, MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. Sun
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. Steier
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G. Portmann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. S. Robin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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12
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Yorke BA, Beddard GS, Owen RL, Pearson AR. Time-resolved crystallography using the Hadamard transform. Nat Methods 2014; 11:1131-4. [PMID: 25282611 PMCID: PMC4216935 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method for performing time-resolved X-ray crystallographic experiments based on the Hadamard transform, in which time resolution is defined by the underlying periodicity of the probe pulse sequence, and signal/noise is greatly improved over that for the fastest pump-probe experiments depending on a single pulse. This approach should be applicable on standard synchrotron beamlines and will enable high-resolution measurements of protein and small-molecule structural dynamics. It is also applicable to other time-resolved measurements where a probe can be encoded, such as pump-probe spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony A Yorke
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Robin L Owen
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Arwen R Pearson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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13
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Shavorskiy A, Neppl S, Slaughter DS, Cryan JP, Siefermann KR, Weise F, Lin MF, Bacellar C, Ziemkiewicz MP, Zegkinoglou I, Fraund MW, Khurmi C, Hertlein MP, Wright TW, Huse N, Schoenlein RW, Tyliszczak T, Coslovich G, Robinson J, Kaindl RA, Rude BS, Ölsner A, Mähl S, Bluhm H, Gessner O. Sub-nanosecond time-resolved ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy setup for pulsed and constant wave X-ray light sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:093102. [PMID: 25273702 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An apparatus for sub-nanosecond time-resolved ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies with pulsed and constant wave X-ray light sources is presented. A differentially pumped hemispherical electron analyzer is equipped with a delay-line detector that simultaneously records the position and arrival time of every single electron at the exit aperture of the hemisphere with ~0.1 mm spatial resolution and ~150 ps temporal accuracy. The kinetic energies of the photoelectrons are encoded in the hit positions along the dispersive axis of the two-dimensional detector. Pump-probe time-delays are provided by the electron arrival times relative to the pump pulse timing. An average time-resolution of (780 ± 20) ps (FWHM) is demonstrated for a hemisphere pass energy E(p) = 150 eV and an electron kinetic energy range KE = 503-508 eV. The time-resolution of the setup is limited by the electron time-of-flight (TOF) spread related to the electron trajectory distribution within the analyzer hemisphere and within the electrostatic lens system that images the interaction volume onto the hemisphere entrance slit. The TOF spread for electrons with KE = 430 eV varies between ~9 ns at a pass energy of 50 eV and ~1 ns at pass energies between 200 eV and 400 eV. The correlation between the retarding ratio and the TOF spread is evaluated by means of both analytical descriptions of the electron trajectories within the analyzer hemisphere and computer simulations of the entire trajectories including the electrostatic lens system. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the by far dominant contribution to the TOF spread is acquired within the hemisphere. However, both experiment and computer simulations show that the lens system indirectly affects the time resolution of the setup to a significant extent by inducing a strong dependence of the angular spread of electron trajectories entering the hemisphere on the retarding ratio. The scaling of the angular spread with the retarding ratio can be well approximated by applying Liouville's theorem of constant emittance to the electron trajectories inside the lens system. The performance of the setup is demonstrated by characterizing the laser fluence-dependent transient surface photovoltage response of a laser-excited Si(100) sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shavorskiy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stefan Neppl
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel S Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Katrin R Siefermann
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Fabian Weise
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Camila Bacellar
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Michael P Ziemkiewicz
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ioannis Zegkinoglou
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Matthew W Fraund
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Champak Khurmi
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marcus P Hertlein
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Travis W Wright
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nils Huse
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Giacomo Coslovich
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joseph Robinson
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Robert A Kaindl
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bruce S Rude
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Sven Mähl
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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14
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Holldack K, Ovsyannikov R, Kuske P, Müller R, Schälicke A, Scheer M, Gorgoi M, Kühn D, Leitner T, Svensson S, Mårtensson N, Föhlisch A. Single bunch X-ray pulses on demand from a multi-bunch synchrotron radiation source. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4010. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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15
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Sun C, Portmann G, Hertlein M, Kirz J, Marcus MA, Robin DS. Pseudo-Single-Bunch with Adjustable Frequency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2013.791209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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