1
|
Lobo-Checa J, Hernández-López L, Otrokov MM, Piquero-Zulaica I, Candia AE, Gargiani P, Serrate D, Delgado F, Valvidares M, Cerdá J, Arnau A, Bartolomé F. Ferromagnetism on an atom-thick & extended 2D metal-organic coordination network. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1858. [PMID: 38424075 PMCID: PMC10904770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferromagnetism is the collective alignment of atomic spins that retain a net magnetic moment below the Curie temperature, even in the absence of external magnetic fields. Reducing this fundamental property into strictly two-dimensions was proposed in metal-organic coordination networks, but thus far has eluded experimental realization. In this work, we demonstrate that extended, cooperative ferromagnetism is feasible in an atomically thin two-dimensional metal-organic coordination network, despite only ≈ 5% of the monolayer being composed of Fe atoms. The resulting ferromagnetic state exhibits an out-of-plane easy-axis square-like hysteresis loop with large coercive fields over 2 Tesla, significant magnetic anisotropy, and persists up to TC ≈ 35 K. These properties are driven by exchange interactions mainly mediated by the molecular linkers. Our findings resolve a two decade search for ferromagnetism in two-dimensional metal-organic coordination networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Leyre Hernández-López
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mikhail M Otrokov
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain.
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
| | | | - Adriana E Candia
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC-UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Instituto de Física del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (IFIS-UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - David Serrate
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Delgado
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IUDEA, Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n, 38203, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel Valvidares
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, E-08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jorge Cerdá
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Arnau
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Química UPV/EHU, 20080, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Fernando Bartolomé
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu B, Miao G, Zhong W, Huang X, Su N, Guo J, Wang W. Manipulating the Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Coordinated Nickel Atoms in Metal-Organic Frameworks by Hydrogenation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2147-2153. [PMID: 35041376 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of manipulating the properties of single atoms, the surface-supported metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide us opportunities to individually address the electronic and magnetic properties of coordinated metal atoms by scanning tunneling microscopy. Recently, we have synthesized Ni-TPyP (TPyP = 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-pyridyl) porphyrin) networks with dinuclear Ni centers on a Au(111) surface, in which the top-Ni atoms are sitting above the molecular plane. Here, we investigate the top-Ni atoms and their hydrogenated derivatives by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, and show that the electronic and magnetic states of top-Ni atoms can be manipulated by hydrogen adsorption. Specifically, by fitting the spin-flip spectra in vertical magnetic field, we find the spin state of top-Ni atoms is tuned from S = 1/2 to S = 1 by attaching one H atom and S = 3/2 by attaching two H atoms. Our work demonstrates atomic-scale control over the electronic and magnetic properties of coordinated metal atoms in a surface-supported MOF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangyao Miao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weiliang Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaochun Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Nuoyu Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawai S, Kher-Elden MA, Sadeghi A, Abd El-Fattah ZM, Sun K, Izumi S, Minakata S, Takeda Y, Lobo-Checa J. Near Fermi Superatom State Stabilized by Surface State Resonances in a Multiporous Molecular Network. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6456-6462. [PMID: 34038137 PMCID: PMC8488955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional honeycomb molecular networks confine a substrate's surface electrons within their pores, providing an ideal playground to investigate the quantum electron scattering phenomena. Besides surface state confinement, laterally protruding organic states can collectively hybridize at the smallest pores into superatom molecular orbitals. Although both types of pore states could be simultaneously hosted within nanocavities, their coexistence and possible interaction are unexplored. Here, we show that these two types of pore states do coexist within the smallest nanocavities of a two-dimensional halogen-bonding multiporous network grown on Ag(111) studied using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and electron plane wave expansion simulations. We find that superatom molecular orbitals undergo an important stabilization when hybridizing with the confined surface state, following the significant lowering of its free-standing energy. These findings provide further control over the surface electronic structure exerted by two-dimensional nanoporous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kawai
- Research
Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Mohammad A. Kher-Elden
- Physics
Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, E-11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- Department
of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
- School
of Nano Science, Institute for Research
in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kewei Sun
- Research
Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Saika Izumi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu B, Zhang S, Miao G, Guo J, Meng S, Wang W. Inspecting the nonbonding and antibonding orbitals in a surface-supported metal-organic framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4580-4583. [PMID: 33956023 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, ligand field theory and density functional theory calculations, we revealed the spatial distribution and energy separation of the nonbonding and antibonding orbitals associated with the top-Ni atoms in a surface-supported Ni-TPyP metal-organic framework with dinuclear coordination centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangyao Miao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China and Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China and Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Piquero-Zulaica I, Sadeghi A, Kherelden M, Hua M, Liu J, Kuang G, Yan L, Ortega JE, El-Fattah ZMA, Azizi B, Lin N, Lobo-Checa J. Electron Transmission through Coordinating Atoms Embedded in Metal-Organic Nanoporous Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:266805. [PMID: 31951458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.266805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
On-surface metal-organic nanoporous networks generally refer to adatom coordinated molecular arrays, which are characterized by the presence of well-defined and regular nanopores. These periodic structures constructed using two types of components confine the surface electrons of the substrate within their nanocavities. However, the confining (or scattering) strength that individual building units exhibit is a priori unknown. Here, we study the modification of the substrate's surface electrons by the interaction with a Cu-coordinated TPyB metal-organic network formed on Cu(111) and disentangle the scattering potentials and confinement properties. By means of STM and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we find almost unperturbed free-electron-like states stemming from the rather weak electron confinement that yields significant coupling between adjacent pores. Electron plane wave expansion simulations match the superlattice induced experimental electronic structure, which features replicating bands and energy renormalization effects. Notably, the electrostatic potential landscape obtained from our ab initio calculations suggests that the molecules are the dominant scattering entities while the coordination metal atoms sandwiched between them act as leaky channels. These metal atom transmission conduits facilitate and enhance the coupling among quantum dots, which are prone to be exploited to engineer the electronic structure of surface electron gases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, 19839 Tehran, Iran
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kherelden
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muqing Hua
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linghao Yan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Universidad del País Vasco, Dpto. Física Aplicada I, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Behnam Azizi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, 19839 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan L, Pohjavirta I, Alldritt B, Liljeroth P. On-Surface Assembly of Au-Dicyanoanthracene Coordination Structures on Au(111). Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2297-2300. [PMID: 31050870 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On-surface metal-organic coordination provides a promising way for synthesizing different two-dimensional lattice structures that have been predicted to possess exotic electronic properties. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), we studied the supramolecular self-assembly of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) molecules on the Au(111) surface. Close-packed islands of DCA molecules and Au-DCA metal-organic coordination structures coexist on the Au(111) surface. Ordered DCA3 Au2 metal-organic networks have a structure combining a honeycomb lattice of Au atoms with a kagome lattice of DCA molecules. Low-temperature STS experiments demonstrate the presence of a delocalized electronic state containing contributions from both the gold atom states and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the DCA molecules. These findings are important for the future search of topological phases in metal-organic networks combining honeycomb and kagome lattices with strong spin-orbit coupling in heavy metal atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Ilona Pohjavirta
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Benjamin Alldritt
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Solianyk L, Schmidt N, Baker B, Gottardi S, Moreno Lopez JC, Enache M, Monjas L, van der Vlag R, Havenith RWA, Hirsch AKH, Stöhr M. Low-Dimensional Metal-Organic Coordination Structures on Graphene. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:12730-12735. [PMID: 31156737 PMCID: PMC6541427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of one- and two-dimensional metal-organic coordination structures from para-hexaphenyl-dicarbonitrile (NC-Ph6-CN) molecules and Cu atoms on graphene epitaxially grown on Ir(111). By varying the stoichiometry between the NC-Ph6-CN molecules and Cu atoms, the dimensionality of the metal-organic coordination structures could be tuned: for a 3:2 ratio, a two-dimensional hexagonal porous network based on threefold Cu coordination was observed, while for a 1:1 ratio, one-dimensional chains based on twofold Cu coordination were formed. The formation of metal-ligand bonds was supported by imaging the Cu atoms within the metal-organic coordination structures with scanning tunneling microscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that the electronic properties of NC-Ph6-CN molecules and Cu atoms were different between the two-dimensional porous network and one-dimensional molecular chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonid Solianyk
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Schmidt
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Baker
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Gottardi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno Lopez
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mihaela Enache
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leticia Monjas
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon van der Vlag
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco W. A. Havenith
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Ghent Quantum
Chemistry Group, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Helmholtz
Institute
for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre
for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xing S, Liu B, Wang W, Guo J, Wang W. On-Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons Catalyzed by Ni Atoms. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2023-2026. [PMID: 29905404 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanometer-wide graphene nanoribbons can be synthesized from halogen aromatics through multistep on-surface reactions, but the catalytic role of extrinsic transition-metal atoms in these reactions are still to be explored. Here by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, we investigated the on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons from 10,10'-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl precursors in the presence of Ni atoms. Ni atoms not only act as catalysts in debromination and lead to the formation of an organometallic intermediate at 300 K, but also prompt the fusion reaction between graphene nanoribbons at 673 K. Our work demonstrates a more efficient way to fabricate fused graphene nanoribbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Xing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan L, Xia B, Zhang Q, Kuang G, Xu H, Liu J, Liu PN, Lin N. Stabilizing and Organizing Bi 3 Cu 4 and Bi 7 Cu 12 Nanoclusters in Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4617-4621. [PMID: 29446200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multinuclear heterometallic nanoclusters with controllable stoichiometry and structure are anticipated to possess promising catalytic, magnetic, and optical properties. Heterometallic nanoclusters with precise stoichiometry of Bi3 Cu4 and Bi7 Cu12 can be stabilized in the scaffold of two-dimensional metal-organic networks on a Cu(111) surface through on-surface metallosupramolecular self-assembly processes. The atomic structures of the nanoclusters were resolved using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. The nanoclusters feature highly symmetric planar hexagonal shapes and core-shell charge modulation. The clusters are arranged as triangular lattices with a periodicity that can be tuned by choosing molecules of different size. This work shows that on-surface metallosupramolecular self-assembly creates unique possibilities for the design and synthesis of multinuclear heterometallic nanoclusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Yan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bowen Xia
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan L, Xia B, Zhang Q, Kuang G, Xu H, Liu J, Liu PN, Lin N. Stabilizing and Organizing Bi
3
Cu
4
and Bi
7
Cu
12
Nanoclusters in Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Yan
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Bowen Xia
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai China
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan L, Kuang G, Zhang Q, Shang X, Liu PN, Lin N. Self-assembly of a binodal metal-organic framework exhibiting a demi-regular lattice. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:111-121. [PMID: 28766625 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00088j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Designing metal-organic frameworks with new topologies is a long-standing quest because new topologies often accompany new properties and functions. Here we report that 1,3,5-tris[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]benzene molecules coordinate with Cu atoms to form a two-dimensional framework in which Cu adatoms form a nanometer-scale demi-regular lattice. The lattice is articulated by perfectly arranged twofold and threefold pyridyl-Cu coordination motifs in a ratio of 1 : 6 and features local dodecagonal symmetry. This structure is thermodynamically robust and emerges solely when the molecular density is at a critical value. In comparison, we present three framework structures that consist of semi-regular and regular lattices of Cu atoms self-assembled out of 1,3,5-tris[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]benzene and trispyridylbenzene molecules. Thus a family of regular, semi-regular and demi-regular lattices can be achieved by Cu-pyridyl coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Yan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Piquero-Zulaica I, Lobo-Checa J, Sadeghi A, El-Fattah ZMA, Mitsui C, Okamoto T, Pawlak R, Meier T, Arnau A, Ortega JE, Takeya J, Goedecker S, Meyer E, Kawai S. Precise engineering of quantum dot array coupling through their barrier widths. Nat Commun 2017; 8:787. [PMID: 28983115 PMCID: PMC5629208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots are known to confine electrons within their structure. Whenever they periodically aggregate into arrays and cooperative interactions arise, novel quantum properties suitable for technological applications show up. Control over the potential barriers existing between neighboring quantum dots is therefore essential to alter their mutual crosstalk. Here we show that precise engineering of the barrier width can be experimentally achieved on surfaces by a single atom substitution in a haloaromatic compound, which in turn tunes the confinement properties through the degree of quantum dot intercoupling. We achieved this by generating self-assembled molecular nanoporous networks that confine the two-dimensional electron gas present at the surface. Indeed, these extended arrays form up on bulk surface and thin silver films alike, maintaining their overall interdot coupling. These findings pave the way to reach full control over two-dimensional electron gases by means of self-assembled molecular networks.Arrays of quantum dots can exhibit a variety of quantum properties, being sensitive to their spacing. Here, the authors fine tune interdot coupling using hexagonal molecular networks in which the dots are separated by single or double haloaromatic compounds, structurally identical but for a single atom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, 19839, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chikahiko Mitsui
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Meier
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Arnau
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Dpto. de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Dpto. Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jun Takeya
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Stefan Goedecker
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao YL, Wang W, Qi F, Li JF, Kuang G, Zhang RQ, Lin N, Van Hove MA. Donor/Acceptor Properties of Aromatic Molecules in Complex Metal-Molecule Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:451-458. [PMID: 28030772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a comparative study, combining density functional theory with scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, of two aromatic molecules bonded with a variable number of Cu adatom(s) on a Cu(111) surface. The two molecules, 1,3,5-tris(pyridyl)benzene (TPyB) and 1,3,5-tris(4-radical-phenyl)benzene (TPB), possess the same aromatic backbone but bond weakly versus strongly to Cu with different terminal groups, respectively. We find that TPyB and TPB exhibit, respectively, small versus large charge transfers between the surface and the molecule; this contrast results in opposite shifts in the calculated density of states distributions and thus explains the opposite STS peak shifts observed in our experiments. The two molecules exhibit weak donor versus strong acceptor characters. This work provides a fundamental understanding, on a single-molecule level, of the principle that selecting specific functional groups can effectively and intentionally modify the molecular electronic properties in a wider class of molecule-metal interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Zhao
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies & Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies & Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Fu Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui-Qin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong, China
| | - Michel A Van Hove
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies & Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leng XL, Song LL, Lu Y, Liu XQ, Wang L. Observations of carbon–carbon coupling of 4,4ʺ-dibromo- p -terphenyl on Cu(110) surface at molecular level. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Zhang H, Chi L. Gold-Organic Hybrids: On-Surface Synthesis and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10492-10498. [PMID: 27628247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold-organic hybrids can be prepared on gold substrates by on-surface dehalogenation of molecular precursors with multiple halogen substituents. Various contact geometries of covalent arylAu bonds are achieved by changing the halogen substituents in the bay or peri regions. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) investigations allow a better understanding of the structure/property relationships in various gold-aryl contacts. Recent progress on the synthesis, large-scale alignment, and STS measurement of gold-organic hybrids is described, ending with an emphasis on potential future applications, e.g., as precursors (intermediates) for the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) on insulating surfaces, and as a model system to investigate the role of covalent arylAu bonds in electron transport through gold-GNR contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang YQ, Björk J, Barth JV, Klappenberger F. Intermolecular Hybridization Creating Nanopore Orbital in a Supramolecular Hydrocarbon Sheet. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4274-4281. [PMID: 27253516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular orbital engineering is a key ingredient for the design of organic devices. Intermolecular hybridization promises efficient charge carrier transport but usually requires dense packing for significant wave function overlap. Here we use scanning tunneling spectroscopy to spatially resolve the electronic structure of a surface-confined nanoporous supramolecular sheet of a prototypical hydrocarbon compound featuring terminal alkyne (-CCH) groups. Surprisingly, localized nanopore orbitals are observed, with their electron density centered in the cavities surrounded by the functional moieties. Density functional theory calculations reveal that these new electronic states originate from the intermolecular hybridization of six in-plane π-orbitals of the carbon-carbon triple bonds, exhibiting significant electronic splitting and an energy downshift of approximately 1 eV. Importantly, these nanopore states are distinct from previously reported interfacial states. We unravel the underlying connection between the formation of nanopore orbital and geometric arrangements of functional groups, thus demonstrating the generality of applying related orbital engineering concepts in various types of porous organic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Zhang
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li J, Li B, Wang Y, Zhao A, Wang B. Identifying site-dependent effects of an extra Co atom on electronic states of single Co-phthalocyanine molecule. J Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4926832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiang F, Lu Y, Li C, Song X, Liu X, Wang Z, Liu J, Dong M, Wang L. Cyclotrimerization-Induced Chiral Supramolecular Structures of 4-Ethynyltriphenylamine on Au(111) Surface. Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
Han Q, Shan H, Deng J, Zhao A, Wang B, Hou JG. Construction of carbon-based two-dimensional crystalline nanostructure by chemical vapor deposition of benzene on Cu(111). NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7934-7939. [PMID: 24901493 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new carbon-based two-dimensional crystalline nanostructure was discovered. The nanostructure was facilely constructed by chemical vapor deposition of benzene on Cu(111) in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. A low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of the nanostructure indicated that it has an orthorhombic superstructure and a semiconductor character with an energy gap of 0.8 eV. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study showed that C-C(sp(2)) bonding is predominantly preserved, suggesting a framework consisting of π-conjugated building blocks. The periodic nanostructure was found to be a surprisingly excellent template for isolating and stabilizing magnetic atoms: Co atoms deposited on it can be well dispersed and form locally ordered atomic chains with their atomic magnetism preserved. Therefore the nanostructure may be suitable for organic spintronic applications. The most likely structural model for the nanostructure is proposed with the aid of density functional theory calculations and simulations, suggesting that the 2D nanostructure may consist of polyphenylene chains interconnected by Cu adatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R.China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|