1
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Zhang J, Tancogne-Dejean N, Xian L, Boström EV, Claassen M, Kennes DM, Rubio A. Ultrafast Spin Dynamics and Photoinduced Insulator-to-Metal Transition in α-RuCl 3. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8712-8718. [PMID: 37695730 PMCID: PMC10540253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization is a phenomenon of utmost interest and attracts significant attention because it enables potential applications in ultrafast optoelectronics and spintronics. As a spin-orbit coupling assisted magnetic insulator, α-RuCl3 provides an attractive platform to explore the physics of electronic correlations and unconventional magnetism. Using time-dependent density functional theory, we explore the ultrafast laser-induced dynamics of the electronic and magnetic structures in α-RuCl3. Our study unveils that laser pulses can introduce ultrafast demagnetizations, accompanied by an out-of-equilibrium insulator-to-metal transition in a few tens of femtoseconds. The spin response significantly depends on the laser wavelength and polarization on account of the electron correlations, band renormalizations, and charge redistributions. These findings provide physical insights into the coupling between the electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom in α-RuCl3 and shed light on suppressing the long-range magnetic orders and reaching a proximate spin liquid phase for two-dimensional magnets on an ultrafast time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lede Xian
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Emil Viñas Boström
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Claassen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dante M Kennes
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
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2
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Baykusheva DR, Kalthoff MH, Hofmann D, Claassen M, Kennes DM, Sentef MA, Mitrano M. Witnessing Nonequilibrium Entanglement Dynamics in a Strongly Correlated Fermionic Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106902. [PMID: 36962013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many-body entanglement in condensed matter systems can be diagnosed from equilibrium response functions through the use of entanglement witnesses and operator-specific quantum bounds. Here, we investigate the applicability of this approach for detecting entangled states in quantum systems driven out of equilibrium. We use a multipartite entanglement witness, the quantum Fisher information, to study the dynamics of a paradigmatic fermion chain undergoing a time-dependent change of the Coulomb interaction. Our results show that the quantum Fisher information is able to witness distinct signatures of multipartite entanglement both near and far from equilibrium that are robust against decoherence. We discuss implications of these findings for probing entanglement in light-driven quantum materials with time-resolved optical and x-ray scattering methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona H Kalthoff
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Damian Hofmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Claassen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dante M Kennes
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Mitrano
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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3
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Marino J, Eckstein M, Foster MS, Rey AM. Dynamical phase transitions in the collisionless pre-thermal states of isolated quantum systems: theory and experiments. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:116001. [PMID: 36075190 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We overview the concept of dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) in isolated quantum systems quenched out of equilibrium. We focus on non-equilibrium transitions characterized by an order parameter, which features qualitatively distinct temporal behavior on the two sides of a certain dynamical critical point. DPTs are currently mostly understood as long-lived prethermal phenomena in a regime where inelastic collisions are incapable to thermalize the system. The latter enables the dynamics to substain phases that explicitly break detailed balance and therefore cannot be encompassed by traditional thermodynamics. Our presentation covers both cold atoms as well as condensed matter systems. We revisit a broad plethora of platforms exhibiting pre-thermal DPTs, which become theoretically tractable in a certain limit, such as for a large number of particles, large number of order parameter components, or large spatial dimension. The systems we explore include, among others, quantum magnets with collective interactions,ϕ4quantum field theories, and Fermi-Hubbard models. A section dedicated to experimental explorations of DPTs in condensed matter and AMO systems connects this large variety of theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamir Marino
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthew S Foster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics,University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
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4
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Maklar J, Windsor YW, Nicholson CW, Puppin M, Walmsley P, Esposito V, Porer M, Rittmann J, Leuenberger D, Kubli M, Savoini M, Abreu E, Johnson SL, Beaud P, Ingold G, Staub U, Fisher IR, Ernstorfer R, Wolf M, Rettig L. Nonequilibrium charge-density-wave order beyond the thermal limit. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2499. [PMID: 33941788 PMCID: PMC8093280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of many-body systems with intense light pulses may lead to novel emergent phenomena far from equilibrium. Recent discoveries, such as the optical enhancement of the critical temperature in certain superconductors and the photo-stabilization of hidden phases, have turned this field into an important research frontier. Here, we demonstrate nonthermal charge-density-wave (CDW) order at electronic temperatures far greater than the thermodynamic transition temperature. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and time-resolved X-ray diffraction, we investigate the electronic and structural order parameters of an ultrafast photoinduced CDW-to-metal transition. Tracking the dynamical CDW recovery as a function of electronic temperature reveals a behaviour markedly different from equilibrium, which we attribute to the suppression of lattice fluctuations in the transient nonthermal phonon distribution. A complete description of the system's coherent and incoherent order-parameter dynamics is given by a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau framework, providing access to the transient potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Y W Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - C W Nicholson
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Puppin
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Walmsley
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - V Esposito
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Porer
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Rittmann
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Leuenberger
- Department of Physics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Kubli
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Savoini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Abreu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S L Johnson
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Beaud
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Ingold
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - U Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - I R Fisher
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Jian SK, Yin S, Swingle B. Universal Prethermal Dynamics in Gross-Neveu-Yukawa Criticality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:170606. [PMID: 31702242 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.170606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the prethermal dynamics of the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa quantum field theory, suddenly quenched in the vicinity of a critical point. We find that the universal prethermal dynamics is controlled by two fixed points depending on the size of the quench. Besides the usual equilibrium chiral Ising fixed point for a shallow quench, a dynamical chiral Ising fixed point is identified for a deep quench. Intriguingly, the latter is a nonthermal fixed point without any equilibrium counterpart due to the participation of gapless fermionic fields. We also find that in the scaling regime controlled by the equilibrium fixed point, the initial slip exponent is rendered negative if there are enough flavors of fermions, thus providing a unique signature of fermionic prethermal dynamics. We then explore the temporal crossover between the universal scaling regimes governed by the two universality classes. Possible experimental realizations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Kai Jian
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Shuai Yin
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Brian Swingle
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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6
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Cao Y, Mazzone DG, Meyers D, Hill JP, Liu X, Wall S, Dean MPM. Ultrafast dynamics of spin and orbital correlations in quantum materials: an energy- and momentum-resolved perspective. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20170480. [PMID: 30929631 PMCID: PMC6452052 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Many remarkable properties of quantum materials emerge from states with intricate coupling between the charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Ultrafast photo-excitation of these materials holds great promise for understanding and controlling the properties of these states. Here, we introduce time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (tr-RIXS) as a means of measuring the charge, spin and orbital excitations out of equilibrium. These excitations encode the correlations and interactions that determine the detailed properties of the states generated. After outlining the basic principles and instrumentations of tr-RIXS, we review our first observations of transient antiferromagnetic correlations in quasi two dimensions in a photo-excited Mott insulator and present possible future routes of this fast-developing technique. The increasing number of X-ray free electron laser facilities not only enables tackling long-standing fundamental scientific problems, but also promises to unleash novel inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopies. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Cao
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - D. G. Mazzone
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - D. Meyers
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - J. P. Hill
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - X. Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - S. Wall
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M. P. M. Dean
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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7
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Reimann P, Dabelow L. Typicality of Prethermalization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:080603. [PMID: 30932621 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.080603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prethermalization refers to the remarkable relaxation behavior which an integrable many-body system in the presence of a weak integrability-breaking perturbation may exhibit: After initial transients have died out, it stays for a long time close to some nonthermal steady state, but on even much larger time scales, it ultimately switches over to the proper thermal equilibrium behavior. By extending Deutsch's conceptual framework from Phys. Rev. A 43, 2046 (1991)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.43.2046, we analytically predict that prethermalization is a typical feature for a very general class of such weakly perturbed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reimann
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lennart Dabelow
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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8
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Topp GE, Tancogne-Dejean N, Kemper AF, Rubio A, Sentef MA. All-optical nonequilibrium pathway to stabilising magnetic Weyl semimetals in pyrochlore iridates. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4452. [PMID: 30367073 PMCID: PMC6203748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonequilibrium many-body dynamics is becoming a central topic in condensed matter physics. Floquet topological states were suggested to emerge in photodressed bands under periodic laser driving. Here we propose a viable nonequilibrium route without requiring coherent Floquet states to reach the elusive magnetic Weyl semimetallic phase in pyrochlore iridates by ultrafast modification of the effective electron-electron interaction with short laser pulses. Combining ab initio calculations for a time-dependent self-consistent light-reduced Hubbard U and nonequilibrium magnetism simulations for quantum quenches, we find dynamically modified magnetic order giving rise to transiently emerging Weyl cones that can be probed by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our work offers a unique and realistic pathway for nonequilibrium materials engineering beyond Floquet physics to create and sustain Weyl semimetals. This may lead to ultrafast, tens-of-femtoseconds switching protocols for light-engineered Berry curvature in combination with ultrafast magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Topp
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander F Kemper
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695-8202, NC, USA
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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9
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Peronaci F, Schiró M, Parcollet O. Resonant Thermalization of Periodically Driven Strongly Correlated Electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:197601. [PMID: 29799256 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.197601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of the Fermi-Hubbard model driven by a time-periodic modulation of the interaction within nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory. For moderate interaction, we find clear evidence of thermalization to a genuine infinite-temperature state with no residual oscillations. Quite differently, in the strongly correlated regime, we find a quasistationary extremely long-lived state with oscillations synchronized with the drive (Floquet prethermalization). Remarkably, the nature of this state dramatically changes upon tuning the drive frequency. In particular, we show the existence of a critical frequency at which the system rapidly thermalizes despite the large interaction. We characterize this resonant thermalization and provide an analytical understanding in terms of a breakdown of the periodic Schrieffer-Wolff transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Peronaci
- Institut de Physique Théorique (IPhT), CEA, CNRS, UMR 3681, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marco Schiró
- Institut de Physique Théorique (IPhT), CEA, CNRS, UMR 3681, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Parcollet
- Institut de Physique Théorique (IPhT), CEA, CNRS, UMR 3681, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
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10
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Murakami Y, Golež D, Eckstein M, Werner P. Photoinduced Enhancement of Excitonic Order. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:247601. [PMID: 29286755 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.247601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of excitonic insulators coupled to phonons using the time-dependent mean-field theory. Without phonon couplings, the linear response is given by the damped amplitude oscillations of the order parameter with a frequency equal to the minimum band gap. A phonon coupling to the interband transfer integral induces two types of long-lived collective oscillations of the amplitude, one originating from the phonon dynamics and the other from the phase mode, which becomes massive. We show that, even for small phonon coupling, a photoinduced enhancement of the exciton condensation and the gap can be realized. Using the Anderson pseudospin picture, we argue that the origin of the enhancement is a cooperative effect of the massive phase mode and the Hartree shift induced by the photoexcitation. We also discuss how the enhancement of the order and the collective modes can be observed with time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Denis Golež
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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11
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Chiocchetta A, Gambassi A, Diehl S, Marino J. Dynamical Crossovers in Prethermal Critical States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:135701. [PMID: 28409986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.135701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the prethermal dynamics of an interacting quantum field theory with an N-component order parameter and O(N) symmetry, suddenly quenched in the vicinity of a dynamical critical point. Depending on the initial conditions, the evolution of the order parameter, and of the response and correlation functions, can exhibit a temporal crossover between universal dynamical scaling regimes governed, respectively, by a quantum and a classical prethermal fixed point, as well as a crossover from a Gaussian to a non-Gaussian prethermal dynamical scaling. Together with a recent experiment, this suggests that quenches may be used in order to explore the rich variety of dynamical critical points occurring in the nonequilibrium dynamics of a quantum many-body system. We illustrate this fact by using a combination of renormalization group techniques and a nonperturbative large-N limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Chiocchetta
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies and INFN, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambassi
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies and INFN, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sebastian Diehl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jamir Marino
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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12
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Sentef MA, Tokuno A, Georges A, Kollath C. Theory of Laser-Controlled Competing Superconducting and Charge Orders. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:087002. [PMID: 28282212 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.087002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of competing coexisting superconducting (SC) and charge-density wave (CDW) orders in an attractive Hubbard model. A time-periodic laser field A[over →](t) lifts the SC-CDW degeneracy, since the CDW couples linearly to the field (A[over →]), whereas SC couples in second order (A[over →]^{2}) due to gauge invariance. This leads to a striking resonance: When the photon energy is red detuned compared to the equilibrium single-particle energy gap, CDW is enhanced and SC is suppressed, while this behavior is reversed for blue detuning. Both orders oscillate with an emergent slow frequency, which is controlled by the small amplitude of a third induced order, namely η pairing, given by the commutator of the two primary orders. The induced η pairing is shown to control the enhancement and suppression of the dominant orders. Finally, we demonstrate that light-induced superconductivity is possible starting from a predominantly CDW initial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Tokuno
- Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Georges
- Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - C Kollath
- HISKP, University of Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Blaß B, Rieger H. Test of quantum thermalization in the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38185. [PMID: 27905523 PMCID: PMC5131304 DOI: 10.1038/srep38185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the quantum relaxation of the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model after global quenches with a real-time variational Monte Carlo method and address the question whether this non-integrable, two-dimensional system thermalizes or not. We consider both interaction quenches in the paramagnetic phase and field quenches in the ferromagnetic phase and compare the time-averaged probability distributions of non-conserved quantities like magnetization and correlation functions to the thermal distributions according to the canonical Gibbs ensemble obtained with quantum Monte Carlo simulations at temperatures defined by the excess energy in the system. We find that the occurrence of thermalization crucially depends on the quench parameters: While after the interaction quenches in the paramagnetic phase thermalization can be observed, our results for the field quenches in the ferromagnetic phase show clear deviations from the thermal system. These deviations increase with the quench strength and become especially clear comparing the shape of the thermal and the time-averaged distributions, the latter ones indicating that the system does not completely lose the memory of its initial state even for strong quenches. We discuss our results with respect to a recently formulated theorem on generalized thermalization in quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Blaß
- Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Ultra-fast photo-carrier relaxation in Mott insulators with short-range spin correlations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21235. [PMID: 26883536 PMCID: PMC4756305 DOI: 10.1038/srep21235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-fast spectroscopy can reveal the interplay of charges with low energy degrees of freedom, which underlies the rich physics of correlated materials. As a potential glue for superconductivity, spin fluctuations in Mott insulators are of particular interest. A theoretical description of the coupled spin and charge degrees of freedom is challenging, because magnetic order is often only short-lived and short-ranged. In this work we theoretically investigate how the spin-charge interactions influence the relaxation of a two-dimensional Mott-Hubbard insulator after photo-excitation. We use a nonequilibrium variant of the dynamical cluster approximation, which, in contrast to single-site dynamical mean-field theory, captures the effect of short-range correlations. The relaxation time is found to scale with the strength of the nearest-neighbor spin correlations, and can be 10–20 fs in the cuprates. Increasing the temperature or excitation density decreases the spin correlations and thus implies longer relaxation times. This may help to distinguish the effect of spin-fluctuations on the charge relaxation from the influence of other bosonic modes in the solid.
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15
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Canovi E, Werner P, Eckstein M. First-order dynamical phase transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:265702. [PMID: 25615356 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.265702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, dynamical phase transitions have been identified based on the nonanalytic behavior of the Loschmidt echo in the thermodynamic limit [Heyl et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 135704 (2013)]. By introducing conditional probability amplitudes, we show how dynamical phase transitions can be further classified, both mathematically, and potentially in experiment. This leads to the definition of first-order dynamical phase transitions. Furthermore, we develop a generalized Keldysh formalism which allows us to use nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory to study the Loschmidt echo and dynamical phase transitions in high-dimensional, nonintegrable models. We find dynamical phase transitions of first order in the Falicov-Kimball model and in the Hubbard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Canovi
- Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, University of Hamburg-CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, University of Hamburg-CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Gagel P, Orth PP, Schmalian J. Universal Postquench Prethermalization at a Quantum Critical Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:220401. [PMID: 25494059 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.220401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We consider an open system near a quantum critical point that is suddenly moved towards the critical point. The bath-dominated diffusive nonequilibrium dynamics after the quench is shown to follow scaling behavior, governed by a critical exponent that emerges in addition to the known equilibrium critical exponents. We determine this exponent and show that it describes universal prethermalized coarsening dynamics of the order parameter in an intermediate time regime. Implications of this quantum critical prethermalization are: (i) a power law rise of order and correlations after an initial collapse of the equilibrium state and (ii) a crossover to thermalization that occurs arbitrarily late for sufficiently shallow quenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gagel
- Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter P Orth
- Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Schmalian
- Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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17
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Mentink JH, Eckstein M. Ultrafast quenching of the exchange interaction in a Mott insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:057201. [PMID: 25126933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.057201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate how fast and how effective photocarrier excitation can modify the exchange interaction J_{ex} in the prototype Mott-Hubbard insulator. We demonstrate an ultrafast quenching of J_{ex} both by evaluating exchange integrals from a time-dependent response formalism and by explicitly simulating laser-induced spin precession in an antiferromagnet that is canted by an external magnetic field. In both cases, the electron dynamics is obtained from nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory. We find that the modified J_{ex} emerges already within a few electron hopping times after the pulse, with a reduction that is comparable to the effect of chemical doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Mentink
- Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, University of Hamburg-CFEL, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Eckstein
- Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics, University of Hamburg-CFEL, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Matsunaga R, Tsuji N, Fujita H, Sugioka A, Makise K, Uzawa Y, Terai H, Wang Z, Aoki H, Shimano R. Light-induced collective pseudospin precession resonating with Higgs mode in a superconductor. Science 2014; 345:1145-9. [PMID: 25011555 DOI: 10.1126/science.1254697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Superconductors host collective modes that can be manipulated with light. We show that a strong terahertz light field can induce oscillations of the superconducting order parameter in NbN with twice the frequency of the terahertz field. The result can be captured as a collective precession of Anderson's pseudospins in ac driving fields. A resonance between the field and the Higgs amplitude mode of the superconductor then results in large terahertz third-harmonic generation. The method we present here paves a way toward nonlinear quantum optics in superconductors with driving the pseudospins collectively and can be potentially extended to exotic superconductors for shedding light on the character of order parameters and their coupling to other degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Matsunaga
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Naoto Tsuji
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Arata Sugioka
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Makise
- Kobe Advanced Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Uzawa
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Terai
- Kobe Advanced Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Zhen Wang
- Kobe Advanced Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Hideo Aoki
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Ryo Shimano
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. Cryogenic Research Center, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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Matsunaga R, Hamada YI, Makise K, Uzawa Y, Terai H, Wang Z, Shimano R. Higgs amplitude mode in the BCS superconductors Nb1-xTi(x)N induced by terahertz pulse excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:057002. [PMID: 23952432 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.057002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast responses of BCS superconductor Nb(1-x)Ti(x)N films in a nonadiabatic excitation regime were investigated by using terahertz (THz) pump-THz probe spectroscopy. After an instantaneous excitation with the monocycle THz pump pulse, a transient oscillation emerges in the electromagnetic response in the BCS gap energy region. The oscillation frequency coincides with the asymptotic value of the BCS gap energy, indicating the appearance of the theoretically anticipated collective amplitude mode of the order parameter, namely the Higgs amplitude mode. Our result opens a new pathway to the ultrafast manipulation of the superconducting order parameter by optical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Matsunaga
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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