1
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Wang Y, Su QP, Liu T, Zhang GQ, Feng W, Yu Y, Yang CP. Long-distance transmission of arbitrary quantum states between spatially separated microwave cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4728-4744. [PMID: 38297667 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Long-distance transmission between spatially separated microwave cavities is a crucial area of quantum information science and technology. In this work, we present a method for achieving long-distance transmission of arbitrary quantum states between two microwave cavities, by using a hybrid system that comprises two microwave cavities, two nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (NV ensembles), two optical cavities, and an optical fiber. Each NV ensemble serves as a quantum transducer, dispersively coupling with a microwave cavity and an optical cavity, which enables the conversion of quantum states between a microwave cavity and an optical cavity. The optical fiber acts as a connector between the two optical cavities. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our method allows for the transfer of an arbitrary photonic qubit state between two spatially separated microwave cavities with high fidelity. Furthermore, the method exhibits robustness against environmental decay, parameter fluctuations, and additive white Gaussian noise. Our approach offers a promising way for achieving long-distance transmission of quantum states between two spatially separated microwave cavities, which may have practical applications in networked large-scale quantum information processing and quantum communication.
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2
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Ramanathan A, Walter ED, Mourigal M, La Pierre HS. Increased Crystal Field Drives Intermediate Coupling and Minimizes Decoherence in Tetravalent Praseodymium Qubits. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17603-17612. [PMID: 37527523 PMCID: PMC10436280 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Crystal field (CF) control of rare-earth (RE) ions has been employed to minimize decoherence in qubits and to enhance the effective barrier of single-molecule magnets. The CF approach has been focused on the effects of symmetry on dynamic magnetic properties. Herein, the magnitude of the CF is increased via control of the RE oxidation state. The enhanced 4f metal-ligand covalency in Pr4+ gives rise to CF energy scales that compete with the spin-orbit coupling of Pr4+ and thereby shifts the paradigm from the ionic ζSOC ≫ VCF limit, used to describe trivalent RE-ion, to an intermediate coupling (IC) regime. We examine Pr4+-doped perovskite oxide lattices (BaSnO3 and BaZrO3). These systems are defined by IC which quenches orbital angular momentum. Therefore, the single-ion spin-orbit coupled states in Pr4+ can be chemically tuned. We demonstrate a relatively large hyperfine interaction of Aiso = 1800 MHz for Pr4+, coherent manipulation of the spin with QM = 2ΩRTm, reaching up to ∼400 for 0.1Pr:BSO at T = 5 K, and significant improvement of the temperature at which Tm is limited by T1 (T* = 60 K) compared to other RE ion qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Ramanathan
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Eric D. Walter
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Martin Mourigal
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Nuclear
and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of
Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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3
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Perminov NS, Moiseev SA. Integrated Multiresonator Quantum Memory. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:e25040623. [PMID: 37190411 PMCID: PMC10138295 DOI: 10.3390/e25040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We develop an integrated efficient multiresonator quantum memory scheme based on a system of three interacting resonators coupled through a common resonator to an external waveguide via switchable coupler. It is shown that high-precision parameter matching based on step-by-step optimization makes it possible to efficiently store the signal field and enables on-demand retrieval of the signal at specified time moments. Possible experimental implementations and practical applications of the proposed quantum memory scheme are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Sergeevich Perminov
- Kazan Quantum Center, Kazan National Research Technical University, n.a. A.N.Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10/7 Sibirsky Tract, 420029 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergey Andreevich Moiseev
- Kazan Quantum Center, Kazan National Research Technical University, n.a. A.N.Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10/7 Sibirsky Tract, 420029 Kazan, Russia
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4
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Ranjan V, Wen Y, Keyser AKV, Kubatkin SE, Danilov AV, Lindström T, Bertet P, de Graaf SE. Spin-Echo Silencing Using a Current-Biased Frequency-Tunable Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:180504. [PMID: 36374697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.180504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control microwave emission from a spin ensemble is a requirement of several quantum memory protocols. Here, we demonstrate such ability by using a resonator whose frequency can be rapidly tuned with a bias current. We store excitations in an ensemble of rare-earth ions and suppress on demand the echo emission ("echo silencing") by two methods: (1) detuning the resonator during the spin rephasing, and (2) subjecting spins to magnetic field gradients generated by the bias current itself. We also show that spin coherence is preserved during silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranjan
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Y Wen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A K V Keyser
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S E Kubatkin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - A V Danilov
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - T Lindström
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P Bertet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S E de Graaf
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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5
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Ham BS. Analysis of Imperfect Rephasing in Photon Echo-Based Quantum Memories. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1367. [PMID: 37420387 DOI: 10.3390/e24101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, quantum memories have been intensively studied for potential applications of quantum repeaters in quantum networks. Various protocols have also been developed. To satisfy no noise echoes caused by spontaneous emission processes, a conventional two-pulse photon-echo scheme has been modified. The resulting methods include double-rephasing, ac Stark, dc Stark, controlled echo, and atomic frequency comb methods. In these methods, the main purpose of modification is to remove any chance of a population residual on the excited state during the rephasing process. Here, we investigate a typical Gaussian rephasing pulse-based double-rephasing photon-echo scheme. For a complete understanding of the coherence leakage by the Gaussian pulse itself, ensemble atoms are thoroughly investigated for all temporal components of the Gaussian pulse, whose maximum echo efficiency is 26% in amplitude, which is unacceptable for quantum memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung S Ham
- Center for Photon Information Processing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chumdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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6
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A Method to Compute the Schrieffer-Wolff Generator for Analysis of Quantum Memory. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23101260. [PMID: 34681984 PMCID: PMC8535072 DOI: 10.3390/e23101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantum illumination uses entangled light that consists of signal and idler modes to achieve higher detection rate of a low-reflective object in noisy environments. The best performance of quantum illumination can be achieved by measuring the returned signal mode together with the idler mode. Thus, it is necessary to prepare a quantum memory that can keep the idler mode ideal. To send a signal towards a long-distance target, entangled light in the microwave regime is used. There was a recent demonstration of a microwave quantum memory using microwave cavities coupled with a transmon qubit. We propose an ordering of bosonic operators to efficiently compute the Schrieffer–Wolff transformation generator to analyze the quantum memory. Our proposed method is applicable to a wide class of systems described by bosonic operators whose interaction part represents a definite number of transfer in quanta.
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7
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Elimination of noise in optically rephased photon echoes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4378. [PMID: 34282136 PMCID: PMC8289862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photon echo is a fundamental tool for the manipulation of electromagnetic fields. Unavoidable spontaneous emission noise is generated in this process due to the strong rephasing pulse, which limits the achievable signal-to-noise ratio and represents a fundamental obstacle towards their applications in the quantum regime. Here we propose a noiseless photon-echo protocol based on a four-level atomic system. We implement this protocol in a Eu3+:Y2SiO5 crystal to serve as an optical quantum memory. A storage fidelity of 0.952 ± 0.018 is obtained for time-bin qubits encoded with single-photon-level coherent pulses, which is far beyond the maximal fidelity achievable using the classical measure-and-prepare strategy. In this work, the demonstrated noiseless photon-echo quantum memory features spin-wave storage, easy operation and high storage fidelity, which should be easily extended to other physical systems.
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8
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Bao Z, Wang Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Ma C, Song Y, Zhang H, Duan L. On-Demand Storage and Retrieval of Microwave Photons Using a Superconducting Multiresonator Quantum Memory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:010503. [PMID: 34270274 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We realize on-demand storage and retrieval of weak coherent microwave photon pulses at the single-photon level. A superconducting multiresonator system which is composed of a set of frequency-tunable coplanar waveguide resonators is implemented as the quantum memory. By dynamically tuning the resonant frequencies of the resonators, we achieve tunable memory bandwidth from 10 to 55 MHz, with well preserved phase coherence. We further demonstrate on-demand storage and retrieval of a time-bin flying qubit. This result opens up a prospect to integrate our chip-based quantum memory with the state-of-the-art superconducting quantum circuit technology for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Bao
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Wu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipu Song
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Luming Duan
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lenz S, König D, Hunger D, van Slageren J. Room-Temperature Quantum Memories Based on Molecular Electron Spin Ensembles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101673. [PMID: 34106491 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whilst quantum computing has recently taken great leaps ahead, the development of quantum memories has decidedly lagged behind. Quantum memories are essential devices in the quantum technology palette and are needed for intermediate storage of quantum bit states and as quantum repeaters in long-distance quantum communication. Current quantum memories operate at cryogenic, mostly sub-Kelvin temperatures and require extensive and costly peripheral hardware. It is demonstrated that ensembles of weakly coupled molecular spins show long coherence times and can be used to store microwave pulses of arbitrary phase. These studies exploit strong coupling of the spin ensemble to special 3D microwave resonators. Most importantly, these systems operate at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dennis König
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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10
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Ranjan V, O'Sullivan J, Albertinale E, Albanese B, Chanelière T, Schenkel T, Vion D, Esteve D, Flurin E, Morton JJL, Bertet P. Multimode Storage of Quantum Microwave Fields in Electron Spins over 100 ms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:210505. [PMID: 33274991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.210505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report long coherence times (up to 300 ms) for near-surface bismuth donor electron spins in silicon coupled to a superconducting microresonator, biased at a clock transition. This enables us to demonstrate the partial absorption of a train of weak microwave fields in the spin ensemble, their storage for 100 ms, and their retrieval, using a Hahn-echo-like protocol. Phase coherence and quantum statistics are preserved in the storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranjan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J O'Sullivan
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - E Albertinale
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - B Albanese
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Chanelière
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Schenkel
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Vion
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Esteve
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E Flurin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - P Bertet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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11
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Debnath K, Dold G, Morton JJL, Mølmer K. Self-Stimulated Pulse Echo Trains from Inhomogeneously Broadened Spin Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:137702. [PMID: 33034472 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.137702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show experimentally and describe theoretically how a conventional magnetic resonance Hahn echo sequence can lead to a self-stimulated pulse echo train when an inhomogeneously broadened spin ensemble is coupled to a resonator. Effective strong coupling between the subsystems assures that the first Hahn echo can act as a refocusing pulse on the spins, leading to self-stimulated secondary echoes. Within the framework of mean field theory, we show that this process can continue multiple times leading to a train of echoes. We introduce an analytical model that explains the shape of the first echo and numerical results that account well for the experimentally observed shape and strength of the echo train and provides insights into the collective effects involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamanasish Debnath
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gavin Dold
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - John J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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12
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Ranjan V, Probst S, Albanese B, Doll A, Jacquot O, Flurin E, Heeres R, Vion D, Esteve D, Morton JJL, Bertet P. Pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy in the Purcell regime. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 310:106662. [PMID: 31837553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In EPR, spin relaxation is typically governed by interactions with the lattice or other spins. However, it has recently been shown that given a sufficiently strong spin-resonator coupling and high resonator quality factor, the spontaneous emission of microwave photons from the spins into the resonator can become the main relaxation mechanism, as predicted by Purcell. With increasing attention on the use of microresonators for EPR to achieve high spin-number sensitivity it is important to understand how this novel regime influences measured EPR signals, for example the amplitude and temporal shape of the spin-echo. We study this regime theoretically and experimentally, using donor spins in silicon, under different conditions of spin-linewidth and coupling homogeneity. When the spin-resonator coupling is distributed inhomogeneously, we find that the effective spin-echo relaxation time measured in a saturation recovery sequence strongly depends on the parameters for the detection echo. When the spin linewidth is larger than the resonator bandwidth, the different Fourier components of the spin echo relax with different characteristic times - due to the role of the resonator in driving relaxation - which results in the temporal shape of the echo becoming dependent on the repetition time of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranjan
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Probst
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - B Albanese
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Doll
- Laboratoire Nanomagnétisme et Oxydes, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - O Jacquot
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E Flurin
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Heeres
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Vion
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Esteve
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - P Bertet
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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13
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Ham BS. A wavelength-convertible quantum memory: Controlled echo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10675. [PMID: 30013123 PMCID: PMC6048175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum coherence control is reinvestigated for a new physical insight in quantum nonlinear optics and applied for a wavelength-convertible quantum memory in a solid ensemble whose spin states are inhomogeneously broadened. Unlike typical atomic media whose spin decays are homogeneous, a spin inhomogeneously broadened solid ensemble requires a counter-intuitive quantum coherence control to avoid spontaneous emission-caused quantum noises. Such a quantum coherence control in a solid ensemble satisfying both near perfect retrieval efficiency and ultralong photon storage offers a solid framework to quantum repeaters, scalable qubit generations, quantum cryptography, and highly sensitive magnetometry. Here, the basic physics of the counter-intuitive quantum coherence control is presented not only for a fundamental understanding of collective ensemble phase control but also for a coherence conversion mechanism between optical and spin states involving Raman rephasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung S Ham
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chumdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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14
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Royer B, Grimsmo AL, Choquette-Poitevin A, Blais A. Itinerant Microwave Photon Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:203602. [PMID: 29864351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The realization of a high-efficiency microwave single photon detector is a long-standing problem in the field of microwave quantum optics. Here, we propose a quantum nondemolition, high-efficiency photon detector that can readily be implemented in present state-of-the-art circuit quantum electrodynamics. This scheme works in a continuous fashion, gaining information about the photon arrival time as well as about its presence. The key insight that allows us to circumvent the usual limitations imposed by measurement backaction is the use of long-lived dark states in a small ensemble of inhomogeneous artificial atoms to increase the interaction time between the photon and the measurement device. Using realistic system parameters, we show that large detection fidelities are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Royer
- Institut quantique and Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Arne L Grimsmo
- Institut quantique and Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alexandre Choquette-Poitevin
- Institut quantique and Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Institut quantique and Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
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15
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Morton JJL, Bertet P. Storing quantum information in spins and high-sensitivity ESR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 287:128-139. [PMID: 29413326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum information, encoded within the states of quantum systems, represents a novel and rich form of information which has inspired new types of computers and communications systems. Many diverse electron spin systems have been studied with a view to storing quantum information, including molecular radicals, point defects and impurities in inorganic systems, and quantum dots in semiconductor devices. In these systems, spin coherence times can exceed seconds, single spins can be addressed through electrical and optical methods, and new spin systems with advantageous properties continue to be identified. Spin ensembles strongly coupled to microwave resonators can, in principle, be used to store the coherent states of single microwave photons, enabling so-called microwave quantum memories. We discuss key requirements in realising such memories, including considerations for superconducting resonators whose frequency can be tuned onto resonance with the spins. Finally, progress towards microwave quantum memories and other developments in the field of superconducting quantum devices are being used to push the limits of sensitivity of inductively-detected electron spin resonance. The state-of-the-art currently stands at around 65 spins per Hz, with prospects to scale down to even fewer spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom; Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom.
| | - Patrice Bertet
- Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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16
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Bonizzoni C, Ghirri A, Atzori M, Sorace L, Sessoli R, Affronte M. Coherent coupling between Vanadyl Phthalocyanine spin ensemble and microwave photons: towards integration of molecular spin qubits into quantum circuits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13096. [PMID: 29026118 PMCID: PMC5638858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron spins are ideal two-level systems that may couple with microwave photons so that, under specific conditions, coherent spin-photon states can be realized. This represents a fundamental step for the transfer and the manipulation of quantum information. Along with spin impurities in solids, molecular spins in concentrated phases have recently shown coherent dynamics under microwave stimuli. Here we show that it is possible to obtain high cooperativity regime between a molecular Vanadyl Phthalocyanine (VOPc) spin ensemble and a high quality factor superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) coplanar resonator at 0.5 K. This demonstrates that molecular spin centers can be successfully integrated in hybrid quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bonizzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy. .,Istituto Nanoscienze S3, CNR via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - A Ghirri
- Istituto Nanoscienze S3, CNR via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - M Atzori
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - L Sorace
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - R Sessoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - M Affronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy.,Istituto Nanoscienze S3, CNR via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
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17
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Song WL, Yang WL, Yin ZQ, Chen CY, Feng M. Controllable quantum dynamics of inhomogeneous nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles coupled to superconducting resonators. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33271. [PMID: 27627994 PMCID: PMC5024108 DOI: 10.1038/srep33271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore controllable quantum dynamics of a hybrid system, which consists of an array of mutually coupled superconducting resonators (SRs) with each containing a nitrogen-vacancy center spin ensemble (NVE) in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening. We focus on a three-site model, which compared with the two-site case, shows more complicated and richer dynamical behavior, and displays a series of damped oscillations under various experimental situations, reflecting the intricate balance and competition between the NVE-SR collective coupling and the adjacent-site photon hopping. Particularly, we find that the inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble can suppress the population transfer between the SR and the local NVE. In this context, although the inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble diminishes entanglement among the NVEs, optimal entanglement, characterized by averaging the lower bound of concurrence, could be achieved through accurately adjusting the tunable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhang-Qi Yin
- The Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Yong Chen
- Department of Physics, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512005, China
| | - Mang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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18
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Matsuzaki Y, Morishita H, Shimooka T, Tashima T, Kakuyanagi K, Semba K, Munro WJ, Yamaguchi H, Mizuochi N, Saito S. Optically detected magnetic resonance of high-density ensemble of NV - centers in diamond. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:275302. [PMID: 27214571 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/27/275302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) is a way to characterize the ensemble of NV-centers. Recently, a remarkably sharp dip was observed in the ODMR with a high-density ensemble of NV centers. The model (Zhu et al 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3424) indicated that such a dip was due to the spin-1 properties of the NV- centers. Here, we present many more details of the analysis to show how this model can be applied to investigate the properties of the NV- centers. By using our model, we have reproduced the ODMR with and without applied external magnetic fields. Additionally, we investigate how the ODMR is affected by the typical parameters of the ensemble NV- centers such as strain distributions, inhomogeneous magnetic fields, and homogeneous broadening width. Our model provides a way to characterize the NV- center from the ODMR, which would be crucial to realize diamond-based quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuzaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan
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19
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Entanglement dynamics of Nitrogen-vacancy centers spin ensembles coupled to a superconducting resonator. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21775. [PMID: 26902910 PMCID: PMC4763275 DOI: 10.1038/srep21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of macroscopic quantum entanglement is of great interest in both fundamental science and practical application. We investigate a hybrid quantum system that consists of two nitrogen-vacancy centers ensembles (NVE) coupled to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator (CPWR). The collective magnetic coupling between the NVE and the CPWR is employed to generate macroscopic entanglement between the NVEs, where the CPWR acts as the quantum bus. We find that, this NVE-CPWR hybrid system behaves as a system of three coupled harmonic oscillators, and the excitation prepared initially in the CPWR can be distributed into these two NVEs. In the nondissipative case, the entanglement of NVEs oscillates periodically and the maximal entanglement always keeps unity if the CPWR is initially prepared in the odd coherent state. Considering the dissipative effect from the CPWR and NVEs, the amount of entanglement between these two NVEs strongly depends on the initial state of the CPWR, and the maximal entanglement can be tuned by adjusting the initial states of the total system. The experimental feasibility and challenge with currently available technology are discussed.
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20
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Zhang X, Zou CL, Zhu N, Marquardt F, Jiang L, Tang HX. Magnon dark modes and gradient memory. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8914. [PMID: 26568130 PMCID: PMC4660366 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been expended in developing hybrid quantum systems to overcome the short coherence time of superconducting circuits by introducing the naturally long-lived spin degree of freedom. Among all the possible materials, single-crystal yttrium iron garnet has shown up recently as a promising candidate for hybrid systems, and various highly coherent interactions, including strong and even ultrastrong coupling, have been demonstrated. One distinct advantage in these systems is that spins form well-defined magnon modes, which allows flexible and precise tuning. Here we demonstrate that by dissipation engineering, a non-Markovian interaction dynamics between the magnon and the microwave cavity photon can be achieved. Such a process enables us to build a magnon gradient memory to store information in the magnon dark modes, which decouple from the microwave cavity and thus preserve a long lifetime. Our findings provide a promising approach for developing long-lifetime, multimode quantum memories. Yttrium iron garnet is a ferrimagnetic insulator which demonstrates robust photon-spin coupling in hybrid microwave cavity systems. Here, the authors demonstrate a magnon gradient memory based on the dark modes of a strongly-coupled system of multiple yttrium iron garnet spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Key Lab of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Florian Marquardt
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Hong X Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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21
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Digital quantum simulators in a scalable architecture of hybrid spin-photon qubits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16036. [PMID: 26563516 PMCID: PMC4643341 DOI: 10.1038/srep16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving quantum many-body problems represents one of the greatest challenges in physics and physical chemistry, due to the prohibitively large computational resources that would be required by using classical computers. A solution has been foreseen by directly simulating the time evolution through sequences of quantum gates applied to arrays of qubits, i.e. by implementing a digital quantum simulator. Superconducting circuits and resonators are emerging as an extremely promising platform for quantum computation architectures, but a digital quantum simulator proposal that is straightforwardly scalable, universal, and realizable with state-of-the-art technology is presently lacking. Here we propose a viable scheme to implement a universal quantum simulator with hybrid spin-photon qubits in an array of superconducting resonators, which is intrinsically scalable and allows for local control. As representative examples we consider the transverse-field Ising model, a spin-1 Hamiltonian, and the two-dimensional Hubbard model and we numerically simulate the scheme by including the main sources of decoherence.
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22
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Tanaka T, Knott P, Matsuzaki Y, Dooley S, Yamaguchi H, Munro WJ, Saito S. Proposed Robust Entanglement-Based Magnetic Field Sensor Beyond the Standard Quantum Limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:170801. [PMID: 26551094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.170801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there have been significant developments in entanglement-based quantum metrology. However, entanglement is fragile against experimental imperfections, and quantum sensing to beat the standard quantum limit in scaling has not yet been achieved in realistic systems. Here, we show that it is possible to overcome such restrictions so that one can sense a magnetic field with an accuracy beyond the standard quantum limit even under the effect of decoherence, by using a realistic entangled state that can be easily created even with current technology. Our scheme could pave the way for the realizations of practical entanglement-based magnetic field sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Tanaka
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Paul Knott
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Matsuzaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Shane Dooley
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - William J Munro
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Shiro Saito
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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23
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Extracting entangled qubits from Majorana fermions in quantum dot chains through the measurement of parity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11188. [PMID: 26062033 PMCID: PMC5395956 DOI: 10.1038/srep11188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a scheme for extracting entangled charge qubits from quantum-dot chains that support zero-energy edge modes. The edge mode is composed of Majorana fermions localized at the ends of each chain. The qubit, logically encoded in double quantum dots, can be manipulated through tunneling and pairing interactions between them. The detailed form of the entangled state depends on both the parity measurement (an even or odd number) of the boundary-site electrons in each chain and the teleportation between the chains. The parity measurement is realized through the dispersive coupling of coherent-state microwave photons to the boundary sites, while the teleportation is performed via Bell measurements. Our scheme illustrates localizable entanglement in a fermionic system, which serves feasibly as a quantum repeater under realistic experimental conditions, as it allows for finite temperature effect and is robust against disorders, decoherence and quasi-particle poisoning.
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24
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Wolfowicz G, Maier-Flaig H, Marino R, Ferrier A, Vezin H, Morton JJL, Goldner P. Coherent storage of microwave excitations in rare-earth nuclear spins. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:170503. [PMID: 25978214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.170503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing between various elements of a computer--from memory to processors to long range communication--will be as critical for quantum computers as it is for classical computers today. Paramagnetic rare-earth doped crystals, such as Nd(3+):Y2SiO5(YSO), are excellent candidates for such a quantum interface: they are known to exhibit long optical coherence lifetimes (for communication via optical photons), possess a nuclear spin (memory), and have in addition an electron spin that can offer hybrid coupling with superconducting qubits (processing). Here we study two of these three elements, demonstrating coherent storage and retrieval between electron and (145)Nd nuclear spin states in Nd(3+):YSO. We find nuclear spin coherence times can reach 9 ms at ∼5 K, about 2 orders of magnitude longer than the electron spin coherence, while quantum state and process tomography of the storage or retrieval operation between the electron and nuclear spin reveal an average state fidelity of 0.86. The times and fidelities are expected to further improve at lower temperatures and with more homogeneous radio-frequency excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wolfowicz
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Maier-Flaig
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Marino
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005, Paris, France
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, France
| | - Alban Ferrier
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Vezin
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, France
| | - John J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Goldner
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005, Paris, France
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25
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Abstract
We show that the AC-Stark shift (light-shift) is a powerful and versatile tool to control the emission of a photon-echo in the context of optical storage. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that the photon-echo efficiency can be fully modulated by applying light-shift control pulses in an erbium-doped solid. The control of the echo emission is attributed to the spatial gradient induced by the light-shift beam.
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26
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Abstract
An extensively pursued current direction of research in physics aims at the development of practical technologies that exploit the effects of quantum mechanics. As part of this ongoing effort, devices for quantum information processing, secure communication, and high-precision sensing are being implemented with diverse systems, ranging from photons, atoms, and spins to mesoscopic superconducting and nanomechanical structures. Their physical properties make some of these systems better suited than others for specific tasks; thus, photons are well suited for transmitting quantum information, weakly interacting spins can serve as long-lived quantum memories, and superconducting elements can rapidly process information encoded in their quantum states. A central goal of the envisaged quantum technologies is to develop devices that can simultaneously perform several of these tasks, namely, reliably store, process, and transmit quantum information. Hybrid quantum systems composed of different physical components with complementary functionalities may provide precisely such multitasking capabilities. This article reviews some of the driving theoretical ideas and first experimental realizations of hybrid quantum systems and the opportunities and challenges they present and offers a glance at the near- and long-term perspectives of this fascinating and rapidly expanding field.
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27
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Song WL, Yin ZQ, Yang WL, Zhu XB, Zhou F, Feng M. One-step generation of multipartite entanglement among nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7755. [PMID: 25583623 PMCID: PMC4291559 DOI: 10.1038/srep07755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a one-step, deterministic and scalable scheme for creating macroscopic arbitrary entangled coherent states (ECSs) of separate nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (NVEs) that couple to a superconducting flux qubit. We discuss how to generate the entangled states between the flux qubit and two NVEs by the resonant driving. Then the ECSs of the NVEs can be obtained by projecting the flux qubit, and the entanglement detection can be realized by transferring the quantum state from the NVEs to the flux qubit. Our numerical simulation shows that even under current experimental parameters the concurrence of the ECSs can approach unity. We emphasize that this method is straightforwardly extendable to the case of many NVEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-lu Song
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China [2] University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhang-qi Yin
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wan-li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-bo Zhu
- 1] The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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28
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Chanelière T. Strong excitation of emitters in an impedance matched cavity: the area theorem, π-pulse and self-induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:4423-4436. [PMID: 24663765 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.004423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
I theoretically study the behavior of strong pulses exciting emitters inside a cavity. The ensemble is supposed to be inhomogeneously broadened and the cavity matched finding application in quantum storage of optical or RF photons. My analysis is based on energy and pulse area conservation rules predicting important distortions for specific areas. It is well supported by numerical simulations. I propose a qualitative interpretation in terms of slow-light. The analogy with the free space situation is remarkable.
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29
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Quantum Computation with Molecular Nanomagnets: Achievements, Challenges, and New Trends. MOLECULAR NANOMAGNETS AND RELATED PHENOMENA 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2014_145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Patton KR, Fischer UR. Ultrafast quantum random access memory utilizing single Rydberg atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:240504. [PMID: 24483637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.240504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a long-lived and rapidly accessible quantum memory unit, for which the operational Hilbert space is spanned by states involving the two macroscopically occupied hyperfine levels of a miscible binary atomic Bose-Einstein condensate and the Rydberg state of a single atom. It is shown that an arbitrary qubit state, initially prepared using a flux qubit, can be rapidly transferred to and from the trapped atomic ensemble in approximately 10 ns and with a large fidelity of 97%, via an effective two-photon process using an external laser for the transition to the Rydberg level. The achievable ultrafast transfer of quantum information therefore enables a large number of storage and retrieval cycles from the highly controllable quantum optics setup of a dilute ultracold gas, even within the typically very short flux qubit lifetimes of the order of microseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Patton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, 151-747 Seoul, Korea
| | - Uwe R Fischer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, 151-747 Seoul, Korea
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31
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Saito S, Zhu X, Amsüss R, Matsuzaki Y, Kakuyanagi K, Shimo-Oka T, Mizuochi N, Nemoto K, Munro WJ, Semba K. Towards realizing a quantum memory for a superconducting qubit: storage and retrieval of quantum states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:107008. [PMID: 25166702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have built a hybrid system composed of a superconducting flux qubit (the processor) and an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (the memory) that can be directly coupled to one another, and demonstrated how information can be transferred from the flux qubit to the memory, stored, and subsequently retrieved. We have established the coherence properties of the memory and succeeded in creating an entangled state between the processor and memory, demonstrating how the entangled state's coherence is preserved. Our results are a significant step towards using an electron spin ensemble as a quantum memory for superconducting qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Saito
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Robert Amsüss
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan and Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuichiro Matsuzaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kakuyanagi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimo-Oka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Norikazu Mizuochi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kae Nemoto
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - William J Munro
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kouichi Semba
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan and National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
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