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Miwa S, Ishibashi S, Tomita H, Nozaki T, Tamura E, Ando K, Mizuochi N, Saruya T, Kubota H, Yakushiji K, Taniguchi T, Imamura H, Fukushima A, Yuasa S, Suzuki Y. Highly sensitive nanoscale spin-torque diode. Nat Mater 2014; 13:50-56. [PMID: 24141450 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive microwave devices that are operational at room temperature are important for high-speed multiplex telecommunications. Quantum devices such as superconducting bolometers possess high performance but work only at low temperature. On the other hand, semiconductor devices, although enabling high-speed operation at room temperature, have poor signal-to-noise ratios. In this regard, the demonstration of a diode based on spin-torque-induced ferromagnetic resonance between nanomagnets represented a promising development, even though the rectification output was too small for applications (1.4 mV mW(-1)). Here we show that by applying d.c. bias currents to nanomagnets while precisely controlling their magnetization-potential profiles, a much greater radiofrequency detection sensitivity of 12,000 mV mW(-1) is achievable at room temperature, exceeding that of semiconductor diode detectors (3,800 mV mW(-1)). Theoretical analysis reveals essential roles for nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance, which enhances the signal-to-noise ratio even at room temperature as the size of the magnets decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miwa
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan [2]
| | - S Ishibashi
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan [2] National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan [3]
| | - H Tomita
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - T Nozaki
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan [2] National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - E Tamura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - K Ando
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - N Mizuochi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - T Saruya
- 1] National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan [2]
| | - H Kubota
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - K Yakushiji
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - H Imamura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - A Fukushima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - S Yuasa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Y Suzuki
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan [2] National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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5
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Neumann P, Mizuochi N, Rempp F, Hemmer P, Watanabe H, Yamasaki S, Jacques V, Gaebel T, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J. Response to Comment on "Multipartite Entanglement Among Single Spins in Diamond". Science 2009. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1168459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Our study reported entanglement among single spins in diamond. Lovett and Benjamin argue that three of six described entangled states were not achieved. Here, we explain our choice of entangled states and discuss their importance for quantum information processing. We also show that the eigenstates discussed by Lovett and Benjamin, although formally entangled and routinely generated in our experiments, cannot be used to detect nonlocal correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Neumann
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - N. Mizuochi
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - F. Rempp
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - P. Hemmer
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - H. Watanabe
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - S. Yamasaki
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - V. Jacques
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - T. Gaebel
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - F. Jelezko
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - J. Wrachtrup
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Graduate School of Library, Information, and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
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