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Suter D. Optical detection of magnetic resonance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2020; 1:115-139. [PMID: 37904887 PMCID: PMC10500718 DOI: 10.5194/mr-1-115-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of magnetic resonance with laser spectroscopy provides some interesting options for increasing the sensitivity and information content of magnetic resonance. This review covers the basic physics behind the relevant processes, such as angular momentum conservation during absorption and emission. This can be used to enhance the polarization of the spin system by orders of magnitude compared to thermal polarization as well as for detection with sensitivities down to the level of individual spins. These fundamental principles have been used in many different fields. This review summarizes some of the examples in different physical systems, including atomic and molecular systems, dielectric solids composed of rare earth, and transition metal ions and semiconductors.This review was originally written in response to an invitation of "Progress in NMR Spectroscopy" but re-directed to Magnetic Resonance to be accessible to a wide audience. This paper has been reviewed by peers in accordance with the policy of Magnetic Resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Suter
- Experimental Physics III, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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2
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Horvath SP, Wells JPR, Reid MF, Yamaga M, Honda M. Electron paramagnetic resonance enhanced crystal field analysis for low point-group symmetry systems: C 2v sites in Sm 3+:CaF 2/SrF 2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:015501. [PMID: 30499454 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaee5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive spectroscopic study of C[Formula: see text] point-group symmetry sites in Sm[Formula: see text]:CaF[Formula: see text]/SrF[Formula: see text] codoped with either NaF or LiF. Data includes electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of Zeeman and hyperfine interactions for the ground state, as well as site-selective excitation and fluorescence spectroscopy up to the [Formula: see text]G[Formula: see text] multiplet. Inclusion of the EPR data allowed us to determine unique crystal-field parameters. The parameters provide information about the geometry of the sites and the nature of the interactions between the Sm[Formula: see text] dopant and the alkaline earth co-dopant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Horvath
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, PB 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
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3
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Gong B, Tu T, Zhou ZQ, Zhu XY, Li CF, Guo GC. Environment spectrum and coherence behaviours in a rare-earth doped crystal for quantum memory. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18030. [PMID: 29269863 PMCID: PMC5740147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the dynamics of environment and coherence behaviours of the central ion in a quantum memory based on a rare-earth doped crystal. The interactions between the central ion and the bath spins suppress the flip-flop rate of the neighbour bath spins and yield a specific environment spectral density S(ω). Under dynamical decoupling pulses, this spectrum provides a general scaling for the coherence envelope and coherence time, which significantly extend over a range on an hour-long time scale. The characterized environment spectrum with ultra-long coherence time can be used to implement various quantum communication and information processing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gong
- Key Lab of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Key Lab of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Zhong-Quan Zhou
- Key Lab of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- Key Lab of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- Key Lab of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Lab of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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4
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Genov GT, Schraft D, Vitanov NV, Halfmann T. Arbitrarily Accurate Pulse Sequences for Robust Dynamical Decoupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:133202. [PMID: 28409941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We introduce universally robust sequences for dynamical decoupling, which simultaneously compensate pulse imperfections and the detrimental effect of a dephasing environment to an arbitrary order, work with any pulse shape, and improve performance for any initial condition. Moreover, the number of pulses in a sequence grows only linearly with the order of error compensation. Our sequences outperform the state-of-the-art robust sequences for dynamical decoupling. Beyond the theoretical proposal, we also present convincing experimental data for dynamical decoupling of atomic coherences in a solid-state optical memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genko T Genov
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Schraft
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nikolay V Vitanov
- Department of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 5 James Bourchier blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Halfmann
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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5
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Josephine Kanimozhi A, Alexander V. Synthesis and photophysical and magnetic studies of ternary lanthanide(iii) complexes of naphthyl chromophore functionalized imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline and dibenzoylmethane. Dalton Trans 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of ternary Eu(iii) and Tb(iii) complexes of dibenzoylmethane and naphthyl- and hydroxynaphthyl functionalized imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline as ancillary ligands and their luminescence and magnetic properties are reported in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry
- Loyola College
- Chennai-60003
- India
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6
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Heshami K, England DG, Humphreys PC, Bustard PJ, Acosta VM, Nunn J, Sussman BJ. Quantum memories: emerging applications and recent advances. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:2005-2028. [PMID: 27695198 PMCID: PMC5020357 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum light-matter interfaces are at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Quantum memories for photons, where non-classical states of photons are mapped onto stationary matter states and preserved for subsequent retrieval, are technical realizations enabled by exquisite control over interactions between light and matter. The ability of quantum memories to synchronize probabilistic events makes them a key component in quantum repeaters and quantum computation based on linear optics. This critical feature has motivated many groups to dedicate theoretical and experimental research to develop quantum memory devices. In recent years, exciting new applications, and more advanced developments of quantum memories, have proliferated. In this review, we outline some of the emerging applications of quantum memories in optical signal processing, quantum computation and non-linear optics. We review recent experimental and theoretical developments, and their impacts on more advanced photonic quantum technologies based on quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor M. Acosta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Center for High Technology Materials, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joshua Nunn
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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8
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Wolfowicz G, Maier-Flaig H, Marino R, Ferrier A, Vezin H, Morton JJL, Goldner P. Coherent storage of microwave excitations in rare-earth nuclear spins. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:170503. [PMID: 25978214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.170503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing between various elements of a computer--from memory to processors to long range communication--will be as critical for quantum computers as it is for classical computers today. Paramagnetic rare-earth doped crystals, such as Nd(3+):Y2SiO5(YSO), are excellent candidates for such a quantum interface: they are known to exhibit long optical coherence lifetimes (for communication via optical photons), possess a nuclear spin (memory), and have in addition an electron spin that can offer hybrid coupling with superconducting qubits (processing). Here we study two of these three elements, demonstrating coherent storage and retrieval between electron and (145)Nd nuclear spin states in Nd(3+):YSO. We find nuclear spin coherence times can reach 9 ms at ∼5 K, about 2 orders of magnitude longer than the electron spin coherence, while quantum state and process tomography of the storage or retrieval operation between the electron and nuclear spin reveal an average state fidelity of 0.86. The times and fidelities are expected to further improve at lower temperatures and with more homogeneous radio-frequency excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wolfowicz
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Maier-Flaig
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Marino
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005, Paris, France
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, France
| | - Alban Ferrier
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Vezin
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, France
| | - John J L Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Goldner
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005, Paris, France
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9
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Quantum Light Storage in Solid State Atomic Ensembles. ENGINEERING THE ATOM-PHOTON INTERACTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19231-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Chakraborty I, Chakrabarti A, Bhattacharyya R. Enhancement of the accuracy of determination of transverse relaxation time in solution state NMR spectroscopy by using Uhrig's dynamic decoupling sequences. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32384-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uhrig's Dynamic Decoupling sequences have been used for the suppression of the field noise to arrive at a better method for the estimation of T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Arnab Chakrabarti
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Rangeet Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
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11
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Rare Earth-Doped Crystals for Quantum Information Processing. HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63260-9.00267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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Macfarlane RM, Arcangeli A, Ferrier A, Goldner P. Optical measurement of the effect of electric fields on the nuclear spin coherence of rare-earth ions in solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:157603. [PMID: 25375743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.157603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that the coherence properties of the nuclear spin states of rare-earth ions in solids can be manipulated by small applied electric fields. This was done by measuring the Stark effect on the nuclear quadrupole transitions of (151)Eu in Y(2)SiO(5) (YSO) using a combination of Raman heterodyne optical detection and Stark modulated quadrupole echoes to achieve high sensitivity. The measured Stark coefficients were 0.42 and 1.0 Hz cm/V for the two quadrupole transitions at 34.54 and 46.20 MHz, respectively. The long decoherence time of the nuclear spin states (25 ms) allowed us to make the measurements in very low electric fields of ∼ 10 V/cm, which produced 100% modulation of the nuclear spin echo, and to measure Stark shifts of ∼ 1 Hz or 20 ppm of the inhomogeneous linewidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Macfarlane
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - A Arcangeli
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Ferrier
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ph Goldner
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
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Wu Y, Chen L, Xu Z, Wang H. Protecting a quantum memory for a photonic polarization qubit in a cold atomic ensemble by dynamical decoupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:23360-23371. [PMID: 25321805 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.023360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental demonstration of storage of photonic polarization qubit (PPQ) protected by dynamical decoupling (DD). PPQ's states are stored as a superposition of two spin waves by electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT). Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) DD sequences are applied to the spin-wave superposition to suppress its decoherence. Thus, the quantum process fidelity remains better than 0.8 for up to 800 μs storage time, which is 3.4-times longer than the corresponding storage time of ~180 μs without the CPMG sequences. This work is a key step towards the storage of single-photon polarization qubit protected by the CPMG sequences.
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