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Dey S, Chakraborty I, Biswas P, Paul A, Chakraborty P, Haldar R. Unmasking the morphological alteration of erythrocytes among women suffering from PCOS. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 105:102821. [PMID: 38218172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is frequently observed in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Changes in plasma lipid levels potentially alter erythrocyte membrane lipid composition due to lack of inbuilt lipid synthesis machinery. Therefore, development of morphologically altered erythrocytes in PCOS patients with dyslipidemia is expected. However, this has not been established so far. So, we took this opportunity to explore the morphological alterations among dyslipidemic PCO women. We recruited thirty-five dyslipidemic PCOS women (satisfying Rotterdam criteria, without medication) and twenty-five age-matched healthy controls. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a significant increase in the number of stomatocytes, acanthocytes, and echinocytes in the PCO group. PCO group showed a considerable decrease in plasma antioxidant levels. Elevated lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and decreased free thiol group in erythrocyte membrane in PCOS suggest oxidative degradation of the erythrocyte membrane. Elevated intracellular ROS levels, increased methemoglobin formation, and a decrease in NADPH methemoglobin reductase in PCOS also indicate altered physicochemical property of hemoglobin due to oxidative overload. Additionally, these patients exhibit a rise in erythrocyte membrane cholesterol and triglyceride, which promotes the membrane to become less fluidic and less fragile. Thus, these results corroborate a potential role in altering erythrocyte morphology among dyslipidemic PCO women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutithi Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Payel Biswas
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Ayantika Paul
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Pratip Chakraborty
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Dr. B.N. Chakraborty Hospital, HB-36/A/3, 1st Cross Rd, HB Block, Sector III, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
| | - Rajen Haldar
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
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2
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Mandal B, Basu A, Manna A, Mondal J, Ghosh D, Chakraborty I, Biswas J, Chakraborty A. A Prospective Study Comparing Dosimetry between Computed Tomography (CT) based Radiation Planning and Positron Emission Computed Tomography (PET-CT) based Radiation Planning in Treatment of Non-Metastatic Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2543-2550. [PMID: 37505789 PMCID: PMC10676499 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.7.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate dosimetry between CT based radiation planning and PET-CT based radiation planning. MATERIAL & METHODS Histologically proven 40 cases of locally advanced non-small cell carcinoma of lung were accrued for the prospective study. Contrast enhanced planning CT images and PET images were acquired. Target volume delineation, organs of interest & radiation planning were performed in Eclipse V 14.5 followed by dosimetric comparison among GTV, PTV and OARs. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mean of GTV were 141.18 ± 119.76 cc in CT and 115.54 ± 91.02 cc in PET-CT based and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.03). The mean of CTV were 313.91 ± 180.87 cc in CT and 260.81 ± 148.83 cc in PET-CT based and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.03). The contralateral lung mean dose was statistically very significant (p<0.01) among both the 3D-CRT plans which were 8.49 Gy in CECT based planning and 9.53 Gy in PET CT based planning. The heart mean dose was also statistically significant (p=0.03) among the plans which were 17.90 Gy in CECT based planning and 17.06 Gy in PET CT based planning. Mann-Whitney U test showed the CT based PTV D90 was 58.20 Gy vs 57.58 Gy in PET CT based planning (p=0.02). PTV V95 were also comparable in both of the plans (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS GTV measured using PET-CT, may be greater or lesser than the CECT-based GTV. PET-CT-based contouring is more accurate for identifying tumour margins and new lymph node volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janmenjoy Mondal
- Department Of Radiotherapy, Medical College & Hospital Kolkata, Room no 13, 88 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Hanson QM, Hoxie N, Shen M, Guo H, Cho IJ, Chakraborty I, Aragon BM, Rai G, Patnaik S, Janiszewski JS, Hall MD. Target Class Profiling of Small-Molecule Methyltransferases. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:969-981. [PMID: 36976909 PMCID: PMC10983791 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Target class profiling (TCP) is a chemical biology approach to investigate understudied biological target classes. TCP is achieved by developing a generalizable assay platform and screening curated compound libraries to interrogate the chemical biological space of members of an enzyme family. In this work, we took a TCP approach to investigate inhibitory activity across a set of small-molecule methyltransferases (SMMTases), a subclass of methyltransferase enzymes, with the goal of creating a launchpad to explore this largely understudied target class. Using the representative enzymes nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT), glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), and guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), we optimized high-throughput screening (HTS)-amenable assays to screen 27,574 unique small molecules against all targets. From this data set, we identified a novel inhibitor which selectively inhibits the SMMTase HNMT and demonstrated how this platform approach can be leveraged for a targeted drug discovery campaign using the example of HNMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinlin M Hanson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - Nate Hoxie
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - Hui Guo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - Ig-Jun Cho
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - Brooklyn M Aragon
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - John S. Janiszewski
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, 20850, United States of America
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4
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Patra D, Kumar S, Kumar P, Chakraborty I, Basheer B, Shunmugam R. Iron(III) Coordinated Theranostic Polyprodrug with Sequential Receptor-Mitochondria Dual Targeting and T 1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Potency for Effective and Precise Chemotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3198-3212. [PMID: 35767830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sequential cancer cell receptor and mitochondria dual-targeting single delivery agent deliver chemotherapeutic drug effectively and precisely at the targeted site has become a promising strategy to enhance the drug efficacy and suppressions of cancer cell drug resistance prominence. Herein, required specialty molecules like a chemotherapeutic drug [camptothecin (CPT)], mitochondriotropic segment (triphenyl phosphonium cation) receptor targeting ligand (biotin), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-contrast agent (iron-complex) were tethered to the polyprodrug, CP TP PG BN Fe, using the ring-opening metathesis polymerization technique for potential chemotherapy and simultaneous MRI-based diagnosis. This amphiphilic polyprodrug spontaneously aggregated into nanospheres and exhibited remarkable T1-weighted MRI proficiency. Detail in vitro cellular studies revealed unambiguous mitochondrial delivery of CPT, which eventually enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of CP TP PG BN Fe. Therefore, MRI-tracking, receptor-mitochondria dual targeting, theranostic polyprodrug, and CP TP PG BN Fe opened the way for effective and precise chemotherapy, which would have the attractive potential for diagnosis and decisive dose determination in clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu Patra
- Polymer Research Centre, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Polymer Research Centre, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Basim Basheer
- Polymer Research Centre, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
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Patra D, Kumar P, Pal D, Chakraborty I, Shunmugam R. Unique Random-Block Polymer Architecture for Site-Specific Mitochondrial Sequestration-Aided Effective Chemotherapeutic Delivery and Enhanced Fluorocarbon Segmental Mobility-Facilitated 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2428-2440. [PMID: 35512287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The elevation of the chemotherapeutic efficacy and attenuation of its side effects on healthy cells and tissues become one of the prime targets for the treatment of cancer. Toward this direction, a sequential receptor and mitochondria dual-targeting strategy was implemented in the DX TP PG BN 19F theranostic polymer that was anchored with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, receptor-targeting biotin, and mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium cations. The polymer was flourished with a unique 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracer that exhibited high segmental mobility and eventually led to prolonged T2 relaxation time. Furthermore, for the sake of amphiphilicity, the DX TP PG BN 19F polymer spontaneously aggregated into nano-sphere with positive zeta potential, where the MRI tracer and biotin embedded at the exterior and displayed site-specific targeting and remarkable 19F MRI capability simultaneously. The mitochondria-targeting competency of the DX TP PG BN 19F theranostic polymer was investigated by comparing the non-mitochondrial-targeting DX PG BN 19F polymer using fluorescence microscopic cell imaging in human cervical, HeLa, and breast MCF-7 carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, cytotoxicity experiments of the aforementioned theranostic polymers clarified the enhancement of the chemotherapeutic efficacy of DX TP PG BN 19F theranostic polymers through effective and precise mitochondrial doxorubicin delivery that forced to follow the apoptotic path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu Patra
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Dwaipayan Pal
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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6
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Patra D, Kumar P, Samanta T, Chakraborty I, Shunmugam R. Coordinately Tethered Iron(III) Fluorescent Nanotheranostic Polymer Ascertaining Cancer Cell Mitochondria Destined Potential Chemotherapy and T1-Weighted MRI Competency. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:1284-1296. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chatterjee S, Majumder B, Biswas P, Sarkar S, Sinha PK, Mukhopadhyay L, Chakraborty I. Can paraoxonase activity serve as a comparable marker than high density lipoprotein in the follow-up of patients of coronary artery disease? Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) produced by the liver and residing almost exclusively on high density lipoproteins (HDL), has been demonstrated to prevent the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL), which is the central initiating factor in the causation of atherosclerosis. (1,2) Thus, PON1 along with HDL, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and consequently coronary artery disease. Statins are commonly used in clinical practice for the management of dyslipidemia , a known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).Keeping this in mind, it was deemed necessary to set up an observational study to explore whether the changes in PON1 activity after 3 months of statin therapy could help in the follow up of CAD patients.
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the alterations in the PON1 activity along with the concentrations of HDL and LDL in patients of CAD before and after 3 months of statin therapy and to explore whether PON1 can be used as a comparable marker for assessment of the atherosclerotic risk in the follow up of these patients.
Materials and Methods
The study included 30 new patients who were put on statin therapy following the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in the Cardiology outpatients department. The activity of PON1 and the lipid profile parameters were estimated before starting statin therapy and again three months later. Patients with co-morbidities like diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease and other cardiac diseases of infectious etiology were excluded from the study. The data thus obtained was compiled and tabulated in Excel and statistically analyzed.
Results
The mean, median and standard deviation of the PON1, LDL and HDL, both before and after starting statin therapy, were calculated and the distribution of the individual parameters were determined. Analysis of the compiled data revealed that there was a statistically significant increase in both PON1 (p < 0.05) and HDL (p < 0.001) and a decrease (p <0.05, also statistically significant) in LDL after 3 months of statin therapy. The results both before and after 3 months of statin therapy are summarised in the table attached.(Table 1)
Conclusion
It may be concluded from the above study that the activity of PON1 may be used to indicate the changes in the lipid profile in the follow up of patients of CAD being treated with statins. It is however necessary to conduct larger, well designed studies in future to explore whether it may be used as a comparable marker better than HDL in the follow up of these patients. Abstract Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chatterjee
- College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Biochemistry, Kolkata, India
| | - B Majumder
- R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Cardiology, Kolkata, India
| | - P Biswas
- R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Cardiology, Kolkata, India
| | - S Sarkar
- R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Cardiology, Kolkata, India
| | - P K Sinha
- R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Cardiology, Kolkata, India
| | - L Mukhopadhyay
- R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Cardiology, Kolkata, India
| | - I Chakraborty
- College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Biochemistry, Kolkata, India
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Luo YR, Yun C, Wu AH, Lynch KL, Chakraborty I. Longitudinal Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Characteristics Using Label-Free Immunoassays. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, much research has focused on the kinetics and magnitude of humoral immune response. With the advantages of monitoring real-time immunoreactions, label-free immunoassay (LFIA) is becoming a powerful tool in serology studies. We have developed LFIAs to measure SARS- CoV-2 antibody avidity and neutralization activity in a cohort of COVID-19 patients and determine if they correlate with antibody concentration. Serial serum samples collected from mild to severe COVID-19 patients were measured out to 8 months post-symptom onset to determine the durability of the neutralizing antibody response.
Methods/Case Report
Based on thin-film interferometry technology, we established a label-free IgG avidity assay and a label-free surrogate virus neutralization test (LF-sVNT). For measurement, sensing probes pre-coated with receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are applied to serum samples containing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The label-free IgG avidity assay measures the binding strength between RBD and IgG under urea dissociation. The LF-sVNT analyzes the binding ability of RBD to ACE2 after neutralizing RBD with antibodies.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
IgG avidity indices and neutralizing antibody titers (IC50) were determined from serum samples (n=246) from COVID-19 patients (n=113). IgG concentrations were measured using a fluorescent immunoassay. The neutralizing antibody titers showed a weak correlation with IgG concentrations and no correlation with IgG avidity indices. Over the time course up to 8 months post-symptom onset, IgG concentrations and neutralizing antibody titers presented similar trends: an initial rise, plateau and then in some cases a gradual decline after 40 days. The IgG avidity indices, in the same cases, plateaued after the initial rise.
Conclusion
The results demonstrated that LFIA could be used an excellent solution in the determination of SARS- CoV-2 antibody characteristics. The study found that IgG concentration and neutralizing antibody titer declined over time, while IgG avidity index remained constant after reaching a plateau. The decline of antibody neutralization activity can be attributed to the reduction in antibody quantity rather than the deterioration of antibody quality, as measured by antibody avidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Luo
- Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, UNITED STATES
| | - C Yun
- Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, UNITED STATES
| | - A H Wu
- Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, UNITED STATES
| | - K L Lynch
- Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, UNITED STATES
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Manna A, Chakraborty I, Chatterjee S, Bhaumik T. A general and concise stereodivergent chiral pool approach toward trans-(4S,5R)- and cis-(4R,5R)-5-alkyl-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactones: Syntheses of (+)-trans- and (+)-cis-whisky and cognac lactones from d-(+)-mannitol. Carbohydr Res 2021; 510:108452. [PMID: 34634552 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of (+)-trans-(4S,5R)- and (+)-cis-(4R,5R)-whisky lactones starting from d-(+)-mannitol has been reported here in fewer number of efficient steps compared to existing literature processes involving d-mannitol as the chiral pool starting material. Chiron approach directly translated chirality of d-mannitol to one of the two chiral centers in these target molecules. Toward this end, stereoisomerically pure trans- and cis-iodomethyl-γ-lactones were formed in the penultimate step. These two acted as versatile advanced common intermediates as they were also converted to the (+)-trans-(4S,5R)- and (+)-cis-(4R,5R)-cognac lactones, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, till date no synthesis of cognac lactones starting from d-mannitol has been reported. All these lactones are identified as the key aroma components of aged alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avrajit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanurima Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Chakraborty I, Kar RK, Sarkar D, Kumar S, Maiti NC, Mandal AK, Bhunia A. Solvent Relaxation NMR: A Tool for Real-Time Monitoring Water Dynamics in Protein Aggregation Landscape. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2903-2916. [PMID: 34292711 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent dynamics strongly induce the fibrillation of an amyloidogenic system. Probing the solvation mechanism is crucial as it enables us to predict different proteins' functionalities, such as the aggregation propensity, structural flexibility, and toxicity. This work shows that a straightforward NMR method in conjunction with phenomenological models gives a global and qualitative picture of water dynamics at different concentrations and temperatures. Here, we study amyloid system Aβ40 and its fragment AV20 (A21-V40) and G37L (mutation at Gly37 → Leu of AV20), having different aggregation and toxic properties. The independent validation of this method is elucidated using all-atom classical MD simulation. These two state-of-the-art techniques are pivotal in linking the effect of solvent environment in the near hydration-shell to their aggregation nature. The time-dependent modulation in solvent dynamics probed with the NMR solvent relaxation method can be further adopted to gain insight into amyloidogenesis and link with their toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajiv K. Kar
- Faculty II-Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC 14, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dibakar Sarkar
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sourav Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Nakul C. Maiti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Atin Kumar Mandal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
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Manna A, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty I, Bhaumik T. Enantiodivergent syntheses of (+)- and (-)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-ol: A way to access (+)- and (-)-mexiletine from D-(+)-mannitol. Carbohydr Res 2020; 487:107892. [PMID: 31901892 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiron approach was used to acquire optically pure (R)- and (S)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-ol, immediate precursors of (S)- and (R)-mexiletines, respectively. Two different routes were followed from a D-mannitol-derived optically pure common precursor to get the enantiomeric alcohols separately. Comparison of their specific rotation values with the corresponding literature values as well as exact mirror-image relationship between their CD curves proved their high enantiopurity. These alcohols were then transformed to the corresponding amine-drugs in an efficient one-step process instead of two steps described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avrajit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanurima Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Basu A, Barman D, Chakrabarty S, Mondal J, Swetha B, Bhattacharjee A, Chakraborty I. A clinicopathological analysis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma in children and young adults: Time to adapt with the rapidly changing landscape? Acta Med Int 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ami.ami_26_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sarkar D, Chakraborty I, Condorelli M, Ghosh B, Mass T, Weingarth M, Mandal AK, La Rosa C, Subramanian V, Bhunia A. Self‐Assembly and Neurotoxicity of β‐Amyloid (21–40) Peptide Fragment: The Regulatory Role of GxxxG Motifs. ChemMedChem 2019; 15:293-301. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibakar Sarkar
- Department of Biophysics Bose Institute P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M) Kolkata 700054 India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics Bose Institute P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M) Kolkata 700054 India
| | | | - Baijayanti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine Bose Institute P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M) Kolkata 700054 India
| | - Thorben Mass
- Department of Chemistry Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Markus Weingarth
- Department of Chemistry Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Atin K Mandal
- Division of Molecular Medicine Bose Institute P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M) Kolkata 700054 India
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Catania 95125 Catania Italy
| | | | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics Bose Institute P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M) Kolkata 700054 India
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14
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Bhowmick G, Chakraborty I, Ghangrekar M, Mitra A. TiO2/Activated carbon photo cathode catalyst exposed to ultraviolet radiation to enhance the efficacy of integrated microbial fuel cell-membrane bioreactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Chatterjee S, Manna A, Chakraborty I, Bhaumik T. Chiron approach from D-mannitol to access a diastereomer of the reported structure of an acetogenin, an amide alkaloid and a sex pheromone. Carbohydr Res 2019; 473:5-11. [PMID: 30590155 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A short, simple and convenient chiron approach to (3R,4S,5R)-(-)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-decanolide, a hitherto unknown diastereomer of the reported structure of a naturally occurring acetogenin, (+)-polyporolide has been accomplished starting from a commercially available, inexpensive chiral pool molecule D-(+)-mannitol in nine efficient steps. An advanced intermediate synthesized from D-(+)-mannitol in six steps toward this end was further employed successfully to access two different natural products bearing two contiguous stereogenic centers. As a result, first chiron approach to formal total synthesis of an amide alkaloid, (4R,5R,2E)-4,5-dihydroxy-1-(piperidin-1-yl)dec-2-en-1-one and total synthesis of a male sex pheromone in parasitic Hymenoptera, (4R,5R)-(-)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide have also been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Avrajit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanurima Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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16
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Mukherjee S, Patra D, Dash TK, Chakraborty I, Bhattacharyya R, Senapati S, Shunmugam R. Design and synthesis of a dual imageable theranostic platinum prodrug for efficient cancer therapy. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01535j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents are considered first-line treatments for various cancers but their application is limited by the lack of site specificity and severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Polymer Research Center
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Diptendu Patra
- Polymer Research Center
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Tapan K. Dash
- Polymer Research Center
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Rangeet Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory
- Department of Translational Research
- Institute of Life Sciences
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Center
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
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17
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Chakraborty I, Mukherjee K, De P, Bhattacharyya R. Monitoring Coil–Globule Transitions of Thermoresponsive Polymers by Using NMR Solvent Relaxation. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6094-6100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Patra D, Mukherjee S, Chakraborty I, Dash TK, Senapati S, Bhattacharyya R, Shunmugam R. Iron(III) Coordinated Polymeric Nanomaterial: A Next-Generation Theranostic Agent for High-Resolution T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Anticancer Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1738-1749. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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19
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Abstract
Understanding the changes in the macro-structure of amphiphilic pH-responsive polymers remains a relevant issue due to their potential use as drug delivery carriers. Since some of the amphiphilic polymers are known to exchange hydrogen ions with an aqueous solvent, we monitor the effective change of the surface to volume ratio of such polymer aggregates using solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The surface to volume ratio with the help of UV-visible spectroscopy is shown to yield the average diameter of the polymer aggregates. We show that the proposed method not only satisfactorily corroborates the existing notions of how the aggregation of these polymers takes place as a function of pH, but also provides a quantitative estimate of the size of the aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur - 741246, India.
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20
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Chakraborty I, Ricouvier J, Yazhgur P, Tabeling P, Leshansky AM. Microfluidic step-emulsification in axisymmetric geometry. Lab Chip 2017; 17:3609-3620. [PMID: 28944810 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00755h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biphasic step-emulsification (Z. Li et al., Lab Chip, 2015, 15, 1023) is a promising microfluidic technique for high-throughput production of μm and sub-μm highly monodisperse droplets. The step-emulsifier consists of a shallow (Hele-Shaw) microchannel operating with two co-flowing immiscible liquids and an abrupt expansion (i.e., step) to a deep and wide reservoir. Under certain conditions the confined stream of the disperse phase, engulfed by the co-flowing continuous phase, breaks into small highly monodisperse droplets at the step. Theoretical investigation of the corresponding hydrodynamics is complicated due to the complex geometry of the planar device, calling for numerical approaches. However, direct numerical simulations of the three dimensional surface-tension-dominated biphasic flows in confined geometries are computationally expensive. In the present paper we study a model problem of axisymmetric step-emulsification. This setup consists of a stable core-annular biphasic flow in a cylindrical capillary tube connected co-axially to a reservoir tube of a larger diameter through a sudden expansion mimicking the edge of the planar step-emulsifier. We demonstrate that the axisymmetric setup exhibits similar regimes of droplet generation to the planar device. A detailed parametric study of the underlying hydrodynamics is feasible via inexpensive (two dimensional) simulations owing to the axial symmetry. The phase diagram quantifying the different regimes of droplet generation in terms of governing dimensionless parameters is presented. We show that in qualitative agreement with experiments in planar devices, the size of the droplets generated in the step-emulsification regime is independent of the capillary number and almost insensitive to the viscosity ratio. These findings confirm that the step-emulsification regime is solely controlled by surface tension. The numerical predictions are in excellent agreement with in-house experiments with the axisymmetric step-emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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21
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Mukherjee S, Dinda H, Chakraborty I, Bhattacharyya R, Das Sarma J, Shunmugam R. Engineering Camptothecin-Derived Norbornene Polymers for Theranostic Application. ACS Omega 2017; 2:2848-2857. [PMID: 30023678 PMCID: PMC6044807 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional stimuli-responsive nanotheranostic agent provides huge benefits in nanomedicine by combining both the diagnostic agent and the drug molecule in a single system. This nanosystem is capable of doing multiple tasks, for example, diagnosis, drug delivery, and monitoring the therapeutic response. Hence, theranostic agents are expected to play a significant role in personalized medicine. Herein, a new class of nanotheranostic agents, Pnr-Cbt-Cpt-Pg-Bn, is proposed for the effective delivery of camptothecin. This new class of polymer has been functionalized with a superparamagnetic norbornene cobalt unit for its use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The NMR one-dimensional image confirms the MRI capability of this nanotheranostic agent. This is further modified with the poly(ethylene glycol)-biotin moiety for biocompatibility and site-specificity. The uniqueness of the design is confirmed by an in vitro study where a greater uptake of the nanotheranostic agent is observed when compared with free drugs. Hence, this new class of copolymer shows improved potential as nanotheranostic agents in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Polymer
Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Department of Physical
Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Himadri Dinda
- Polymer
Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Department of Physical
Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Polymer
Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Department of Physical
Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Rangeet Bhattacharyya
- Polymer
Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Department of Physical
Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Polymer
Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Department of Physical
Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer
Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Department of Physical
Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
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22
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Sinharay M, Chakraborty I, Dasgupta A, Chakraborty P. Assessment of Variations in Oxidative Stress in Newborns from Caesarian and Normal Delivery Based on Apgar Score. Mymensingh Med J 2017; 26:175-183. [PMID: 28260773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fetal distress seems to be strongly related to fetal hypoxia, which is known to cause derangement of the balance between pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant factors by depleting the antioxidant reserve and increasing oxidative stress. Reduced Apgar score signify the fetal distress in postpartum period. The current study explores the severity of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress markers along with the antioxidant status in the cord blood of the newborns with low Apgar score (Group 1), fairly low Apgar score (Group 2) and normal Apgar score (Group 3) in both categories born by Cesarean section (CS) and Normal delivery (ND). Cord blood was collected from eighty full terms, mature neonates of both sexes; forty born via ND and 40 delivered by CS. Apgar scores were recorded and they were grouped based on the different levels of the score. Methemoglobin (HbM), RBC glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), RBC reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured as markers of oxidative stress, whereas serum nitrate and nitrite levels were assayed as markers of nitrosative stress. The data obtained were analyzed for the level of significance between study variables. One way ANOVA revealed statistically significant difference between the means of HbM (1.48±0.52, 1.03±0.4 and 0.69±0.31 for Group 1, 2 and 3 respectively, p<0.001), RBC G6PD (15.62±1.99, 18.16±2.47, 21.93±3.91) RBC GSH (7.7±1.55, 10.75±2.31, 16±6.10), serum nitrate (63.18±17.14, 49.29±14.39, 40.86±8.83) serum nitrite (4.89±1.8, 4.64±1.04, 3.69±0.72) between the three groups of ND neonates. The results were almost similar in CS neonates (HbM - 2.17±0.95, 1.45±0.62, 0.8±0.3; G6PD - 12.54±2.31, 14.31±2.17, 18.1±3.13; GSH - 7.6±2.23, 9±2.11, 12.78±2.83) except serum nitrate and nitrite where no significant difference was found between means among the different Apgar groups. The results suggest that lowest Apgar score ND neonates are exposed to highest oxidative, nitrosative stress and have the poorest antioxidant defense. The CS neonates have the similar fate except the insignificant difference between the nitrosative stresses among the three Apgar score groups signifying that they are better protected against the nitrosative stress than their ND counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sinharay
- Dr Manali Sinharay, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; E-mail:
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23
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Mukherjee S, Patra D, Dinda H, Chakraborty I, Shashank L, Bhattacharyya R, Das Sarma J, Shunmugam R. Super paramagnetic Norbornene Copolymer Functionalized with Biotin and Doxorubicin: A Potential Unique Site-Specific Theranostic Agent. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, West Bengal, India
| | - Diptendu Patra
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, West Bengal, India
| | - Himadri Dinda
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, West Bengal, India
| | - Litesh Shashank
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, West Bengal, India
| | - Rangeet Bhattacharyya
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, West Bengal, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, West Bengal, India
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24
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deBoer TR, Chakraborty I, Mascharak PK. Design and construction of a silver(I)-loaded cellulose-based wound dressing: trackable and sustained release of silver for controlled therapeutic delivery to wound sites. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2015; 26:243. [PMID: 26411439 PMCID: PMC5969903 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although application of silver nitrate and silver sulfadiazine have been shown to be effective in thwarting infections at burn sites, optimization of the delivery of bioactive silver (Ag(+)) remains as an obstacle due to rapid precipitation and/or insolubility of the silver sources. To circumvent these shortcomings, we have designed a silver(I) complex [Ag(ImD)2]ClO4 (ImD = dansyl imidazole) that effectively increases the bioavailability of Ag(+) and exhibits MIC values of 2.3 and 4.7 μg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. This fluorescent silver complex has been incorporated within a robust hydrogel derived from carboxymethyl cellulose that allows slow release of silver. A complete occlusive dressing has finally been constructed with the Ag(ImD)CMC (1% Ag loaded) pad sealed between a sterile mesh gauze (as bottom layer) and a rayon-based surgical tape (as the top layer). Such construction has afforded a dressing that displays sustained delivery of silver onto a skin and soft tissue infection model and causes effective eradication of bacterial loads within 24 h. The transfer of the bioactive silver complex is readily visualized by the observed fluorescence that overlays precisely with the kill zone. The latter feature introduces a unique feature of therapeutic trackability to this silver-donating occlusive dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R deBoer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - I Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - P K Mascharak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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Mukherjee S, Dinda H, Shashank L, Chakraborty I, Bhattacharyya R, Das Sarma J, Shunmugam R. Site-Specific Amphiphilic Magnetic Copolymer Nanoaggregates for Dual Imaging. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Himadri Dinda
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Litesh Shashank
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Rangeet Bhattacharyya
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
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26
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Kore VT, Chakraborty I. Efficacy of various techniques on biochemical characteristics and bitterness of pummelo juice. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:6073-7. [PMID: 26345031 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The consumer acceptability of pummelo juice is affected badly due to the presence of bitter principles in it. Therefore in order to avoid such bitterness development, the extracted juice from pummelo was subjected to five different treatments like juice diffused into syrup (70°Brix), lye peeling of segments in boiling NaOH for 2-3 min, increasing the pH of juice, hot water treatment (50 °C) prior to peeling for 20 min and without any treatment (control) for suppressing the development of bitterness in the juice. Based on bio-chemical analysis, diffusion of juice into syrup (70°Brix) showed better result as compared to other treatments. The maximum amount of TSS was found in juice diffused into syrup (i. e. 45, 30 and 15°Brix) along with highest TSS/acid ratio (92.21, 49.87 and 17.53). Higher amount of acidity was observed in pH adjusted samples with 4.25, 4.50 and 4.75 respectively. However, control samples showed higher amount of ascorbic acid (73.97 mg/100 ml juice) content followed by pH adjusted samples. The highest organoleptic score for taste (8.00), colour (8.83), aroma (8.66), overall acceptability (7.88) and extent of debittering (7.50) were recorded in juice diffused into syrup 70°Brix and achieved final TSS of juice at 45, 30 and 15°Brix respectively. Moreover, the above treatment (juice diffused into syrup 70°Brix) showed promising low cost and easy to adopt technique of debittering in respect of extent of debittering and maintaining sensory quality during storage of pummel juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar T Kore
- Sau. KSK alias 'Kaku' College of Agriculture, Mhasoba Phata, Nagar Road, Beed, 441804 Maharashtra India
| | - I Chakraborty
- Department of Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia West Bengal 741 252 India
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27
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Chakraborty I, Chakrabarti A, Bhattacharyya R. Enhancement of the accuracy of determination of transverse relaxation time in solution state NMR spectroscopy by using Uhrig's dynamic decoupling sequences. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32384-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uhrig's Dynamic Decoupling sequences have been used for the suppression of the field noise to arrive at a better method for the estimation of T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Arnab Chakrabarti
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Rangeet Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
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28
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deBoer TR, Chakraborty I, Olmstead MM, Mascharak PK. Supramolecular Assembly of Ag(I) Centers: Diverse Topologies Directed by Anionic Interactions. Cryst Growth Des 2014; 14:4901-4905. [PMID: 25285050 PMCID: PMC4181585 DOI: 10.1021/cg501175g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ag(I)-Ag(I) interactions in supramolecular structures have been achieved through the use of structural support from the ligand frames. In structures involving simple ligands like pyridine, strong π-π interaction leads to spatial ordering of the individual [Ag(L)2]+ units. In such structures anions also play a crucial role in dictating the final arrangement of the [Ag(L)2]+ synthons. In order to determine whether the anions can solely dictate the arrangement of the [Ag(L)2]+ synthons in the supramolecular structure, four Ag(I) complexes of 4-pyridylcarbinol (PyOH), namely, [Ag(PyOH)2]X (X = NO3- (1), BF4- (2), CF3SO3- (3), and ClO4- (4)) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Gradual transformation of the extended structures observed in 1-3 eventually merges into a unique linear alignment of the [Ag(PyOH)2]+ units in 4 along the c axis, a feature that results in strong argentophilic interactions. Complex 4 is sensitive to light and is inherently less stable than the other three analogues. The structural variations in this set of extended assemblies are solely dictated by the anions, since π-π interaction between the substituted pyridine ligands is significantly diminished due to disposition of the -CH2OH substituent at the 4 position and H-bonding throughout the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. R. deBoer
- University
of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - I. Chakraborty
- University
of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - M. M. Olmstead
- University
of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - P. K. Mascharak
- University
of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Siddiqui M, Chakraborty I, Hazra P, Ayala-Zavala J. Characterization of quality indices on storage of puree of mutant ( dgand ogc) and normal tomatoes. Acta Alimentaria 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.43.2014.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chaurasiya AK, Chakraborty I, Saha J. Value addition of Palmyra palm and studies on the storage life. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51:768-73. [PMID: 24741173 PMCID: PMC3981995 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) belonging to the family Palmae is referred to as tree of life with several uses including food, beverage, fibre, medicinal and timber. Unfortunately, the nutritionally enriched pulp of ripened palm has limited commercial use. Extraction of pulp has been accomplished by using water and heat to ensure maximum pulp recovery. Different recipes were tried for the preparation of two uncommon value added products like palm spread and palm toffee. On the basis of biochemical composition, organoleptic scores, microbial estimation and storage study both under ambient and refrigerated conditions; the suitable recipe was selected with the maximum acceptability. Gradual increase in total soluble solid (TSS), total sugar and reducing sugar while decrease in ascorbic acid, pH, β-carotene and protein content of processed products have been observed irrespective of storage condition. The results obtained from sensory evaluation and microbial status revealed that palm spread and toffee remained acceptable up to 9 months and 8 months, respectively at ambient temperature. The income per rupee investment for these two products was found to be remunerative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Chaurasiya
- />Department of Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - I. Chakraborty
- />Department of Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - J. Saha
- />Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal India
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Chakraborty I, Zheng X, Lin S, Rauschenberger R. Computational Eye Movement Model based on Adaptive Saliency Map. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.15.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kailash F, Saleem M, Chakraborty I. Interscalene brachial plexus block: how safe is steep needle angulation? Anaesthesia 2009; 64:1266-7; author reply 1267. [PMID: 19825076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Biswas AB, Chakraborty I, Das DK, Chakraborty A, Ray D, Mitra K. Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders--current status in Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. Indian J Public Health 2008; 52:130-135. [PMID: 19189834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Towards sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), the existing programme needs to be monitored through recommended methods and indicators. Thus, we conducted the study to assess the current status of IDD in Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal. METHODS It was a community based cross-sectional study; undertaken from October 2006-April 2007. 2400 school children, aged 8-10 years were selected by '30 cluster' sampling technique. Indicators recommended by the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD were used. Subjects were clinically examined by standard palpation technique for goitre, urinary iodine excretion was estimated by wet digestion method and salt samples were tested by spot iodine testing kit. RESULTS The total goitre rate (TGR) was 19.7% (95% CI = 18.1-21.3 %) with grade I and grade II (visible goitre) being 16.7% and 3% respectively. Goitre prevalence did not differ by age but significant difference was observed in respect of sex. Median urinary iodine excretion level was 11.5 mcg/dL and none had value less than 5 mcg/dL. Only 50.4% of the salt samples tested were adequately iodised (> or = 15 ppm). CONCLUSION The district is in a phase of transition from iodine deficiency to iodine sufficiency as evident from the high goitre prevalence (19.7%) and median urinary iodine excretion (11.5 mcg/dL) within optimum limit. But, salt iodisation level far below the recommended goal highlights the need for intensified efforts towards successful transition.
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Ray GB, Chakraborty I, Ghosh S, Moulik SP, Palepu R. Self-aggregation of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (C10-, C12-, C14-, and C16TAB) and their binary mixtures in aqueous medium: a critical and comprehensive assessment of interfacial behavior and bulk properties with reference to two types of micelle formation. Langmuir 2005; 21:10958-67. [PMID: 16285759 DOI: 10.1021/la051509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The detailed interfacial adsorption and micellization behavior of pure and mixed alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (ATABs: C10-, C12-, C14-, and C16TAB) were studied using tensiometric, conductometric, fluorimetric, viscometric, and calorimetric methods. The critical micellar concentration (CMC), thermodynamics of adsorption and micellization, counterion binding, aggregation number, and micellar polarity were determined. It was observed that the studied 1:1 molar mixtures of C10-C12TAB, C10-C14TAB, and C10-C16TAB, and the mixtures C12-C14TAB and C12-C16TAB at different mole ratios produced two CMCs that were supported by the conductometric, calorimetric and viscometric methods. Compared to the first micelle, the second micelle condensed more counterions and produced a higher aggregation number, but their interior polarity states were the same. The surface excess, area minimum of the ATABs at the CMC and Gibbs free energy of adsorption were evaluated and compared. The ideality/nonideality states of the mixed micelles formed in solution were tested in the light of Clint and Rubingh's formalisms; the mixed systems were found to undergo moderate to weak synergistic interaction. The contributions of the terminal methyl group, the intermediate methylene groups, and the hydrophilic tetramethylammonium group toward the standard Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the micellization processes were deciphered and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Basu Ray
- Center for Surface Science, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India
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Debnath J, Ram S, Balani S, Chakraborty I, Gupta PD, Bindal RK, Sengupta P. Ultrasonography in Patients with Suspected Acute Appendicitis. Med J Armed Forces India 2005; 61:249-52. [PMID: 27407771 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(05)80166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2003] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the usefulness and limitations of graded compression ultrasonography in the diagnosis of clinically equivocal cases of suspected acute appendicitis at the setting of mid zonal military hospital of India. METHODS A prospective study, graded compression ultrasonography with self localization was carried out with 3.5 MHz convex, 5 MHz convex and 7.5 MHz linear transducers (Wipro GE) in 69 clinically equivocal suspected cases of acute appendicitis. With maximal compression the anteroposterior diameter of appendix was measured from outer to outer wall. The main criterion for diagnosing appendicitis was demonstration of a non compressible appendix with anteroposterior dimension of 7mm or more. RESULT Sonologically 36 (52%) cases were diagnosed as appendicitis. Anteroposterior outer diameter of inflamed appendices ranged from 7mm to 21mm (mean 10.5mm). 30 (83%) of 36 patients could accurately self localize the point of maximum tenderness. There were 01 false positive and 04 false negative cases. Sensitivity and specificity were 89.7% and 96.6% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 97.2% and 87.8% respectively. Alternative diagnoses were offered in 33 (47.8%) cases. Amongst these 33 cases, 14(42.4%) had abdominal pain of unknown origin. Gynaecologic, urologic and gastrointestinal aetiologies were established in 10(30.3%), 07(21.2%) and 02(6%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION Graded compression ultrasonography superadded with self localization is an accurate means of diagnosing/excluding appendicitis in clinically equivocal cases of acute appendicitis and it is of great value in establishing alternative diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Debnath
- Classified Specialist (Radiodiagnosis) undergoing Training at AIIMS, New Delhi
| | - Sree Ram
- Professor and Head, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-40
| | - S Balani
- Classified Specialist(Surgery), Base Hospital, Barrackpore
| | - I Chakraborty
- Classified Specialist(Surgery), Military Hospital, Agra
| | - P D Gupta
- Classified Specialist(Surgery),150 General Hospital, c/o 56 APO
| | - R K Bindal
- Classified Specialist(Pathology), 174 Military Hospital, C/o 56 APO
| | - P Sengupta
- Graded Specialist(Pathology), Military Hospital, Devlali
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Das DK, Chakraborty I, Biswas AB, Sarkar GN, Shrivastava P, Sen S. Iodine deficiency disorders among school children of Dakshin Dinajpur District, West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 2005; 49:68-72. [PMID: 16457098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are major public health problems in India, including West Bengal. Existing programme to control IDD needs to be continuously monitored through recommended methods and indicators. Thus we undertook the study to assess the prevalence of goiter, status of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) level and to estimate iodine content of salts at the household level in Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal. We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in 2004; among 2250 school children, aged 8-10 years. The '30 cluster' sampling methodology and indicators for assessment of IDD, as recommended by the joint WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD consultation, were used for the study. Goitre was assessed by standard palpation technique, UIE was analyzed by wet digestion method and salt samples were tested by spot iodine testing kit. Of the 2250 children, 419 (18.6%) had goitre (95% CI = 17.0 - 20.2%). Total goitre rate (TGR) was not significantly different in respect of gender, age and religion. Visible goitre rate was 2.5%. Median urinary iodine excretion level was 16 mcg/dL (normal: > or = 10 mcg/dl.) and 16.5% children had value less than 5 mcg/dL. Only 67.4% of the salt samples tested had adequate iodine content of > or = 15 ppm, with significant difference between Hindus and Muslims (chi2 = 12.68, d.f. = 1, p < 0.01). TGR of 18.6% indicate the district is still endemic for IDD, but median urinary iodine within normal range reflects no current iodine deficiency. The district is in the transition phase from iodine-deficient to iodine-sufficient. Measures are to be sustained for successful transition towards elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Das
- Department of Community Medicine, R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata.
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Abstract
Real time gray scale ultrasonography of upper abdomen was carried out in 1237 cases for varied indications. Overall prevalence of biliary lithiasis was 11.56% with female to male ratio of 4:1. Fifty years and below, female to male ratio was 6.5:1. 88.8% cases of biliary lithiasis were 60 years and below. Gall bladder dyspepsia (61.5%) and right upper quadrant pain (41%) were the main presenting features of biliary lithiasis. 26 patients (18%) presented with acute abdomen. Asymptomatic gallstones were found in 25 (17.5%) cases. Solitary calculus was less common than multiple calculi with a ratio of 1:4. Amongst cases of multiple calculi the small sized (2-4 mm) variety was the maximum (49%) followed by medium sized (5-10mm) and large sized (>10mm) calculi respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Debnath
- Graded Specialist (Radiodiagnosis), 174 Military Hospital, C/o 56 APO
| | - I Chakraborty
- Graded Specialist (Surgery), Military Hospital, Agra Cantt - 282 001
| | - R Mohan
- Senior Adviser (Radiodiagnosis), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Calcutta - 700 027
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Bhattacharyya S, Chakraborty I, Dirghangi BK, Chakravorty A. Oxygen atom transfer from nitrogenous ReVO reagents to diphosphines and subsequent transformations. Rhenium(III) products and reaction models. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:286-93. [PMID: 11170533 DOI: 10.1021/ic0005893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The concerned diphosphines are Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (1), abbreviated PnP, and the ReVO reagents are ReOCl3L (2) and ReOCl3L' (3), where L and L' are the azopyridine and pyridine-imine ligands p-ClC6H4N=NC5H4N and p-MeC6H4N=CHC5H4N, respectively. One atom transfer from 2 to 1 has afforded Re(OPnP)Cl3L (4a, n = 1; 4b, n = 2; 4c, n = 3). Of these 4b and 4c are stable, but 4a undergoes spontaneous isomerization to Re(PlPO)Cl3L (5) in solution. Two-atom transfer studied with both 2 and 3 has afforded binuclear LCl3Re(OPnPO)ReCl3L (8a, n = 2; 8b, n = 3) and L'Cl3Re(OPnPO)ReCl3L' (9a, n = 2; 9b, n = 3) for n = 2, 3 and mononuclear Re(OP1PO)Cl3L (11) and Re(OP1PO)Cl3L' (12) for n = 1. The mixed system L'Cl3Re(OP2PO)ReCl3L (10) has been prepared from 3 and 4b. The complex Re(PPh3)Cl3L (7a) is furnished by the reaction of Re(OPPh3)Cl3L (6a) or 4b or 11 with PPh3. The species have been characterized with the help of spectral, electrochemical, and X-ray structural data. All the complexes have mer geometry except 5 and 7a, which have fac geometry. The latter is best suited for concurrent Re-N and Re-P back-bonding. Variable-temperature rate data of the reaction 4a-->5 are consistent with an intramolecular strongly associative transition state (delta S++, -22.6 eu) in which the dangling phosphine function lies close to the metal. Two-atom transfer to P1P is believed to proceed via a transient binuclear intermediate which undergoes cleavage at one end due to steric crowding, affording 11 and 12. Crystal data for the complexes are as follows: 5.1.5 C6H6, empirical formula C45H39Cl4N3OP2Re, crystal system triclinic, space group P1, a = 10.034(2) A, b = 10.737(2) A, c = 20.357(4) A, alpha = 89.38(3) degrees, beta = 87.79(3) degrees, gamma = 80.22(3) degrees, V = 2159.7(7) A3, Z = 2; 7a.CH2Cl2, empirical formula C30H25Cl6N3PRe, crystal system monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 11.695(6) A, b = 17.745(7) A, c = 15.459(9) A, beta = 100.94(5) degrees, V = 3150(3) A3, Z = 4; 9a, empirical formula C52H48Cl6N4O2P2Re2, crystal system monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 19.769(12) A, b = 12.864(6) A, c = 22.20(2) A, beta = 101.76(6) degrees, V = 5530(6) A3, Z = 4; 11, empirical formula C36H30Cl4N3O2P2Re, crystal system monoclinic, space group I2/a, a = 16.866(6) A, b = 12.583(6) A, c = 34.78(2) A, beta = 99.22(4) degrees, V = 7285(7) A3, Z = 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta 700 032, India
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Biswas AB, Mitra NK, Chakraborty I, Basu S, Kumar S. Evaluation of vitamin A status during pregnancy. J Indian Med Assoc 2000; 98:525-9. [PMID: 11291784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Adequate maternal vitamin A nutrition is essential for successful pregnancy outcome and estimation of serum retinol among pregnant women enables a precise and objective assessment of vitamin A status, during pregnancy, even in subclinical state. In order to evaluate vitamin A status during pregnancy, and its relationship with personal and pregnancy related variables of the mother, 300 antenatal clinic attenders were interviewed at RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta and tested for serum retinol, using Carr-Price test. Serum retinol values less than 30 microg/dl and 20 microg/dl, in this study, were considered as poor and severe vitamin A deficiency respectively. According to this 14.7% and 4% pregnant women were found to be suffering from poor and severe vitamin A deficiency respectively. Clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency (eg, nightblindness) were reported only among 60% cases of the deficient population. The problems of vitamin A deficiency were associated with low literacy and poor nutritional status of the mother, advanced gestational age of current pregnancy,increased number of pregnancies, shorter interval between births and poor dietary intake of vitamin A rich foods during pregnancy. The study thus raises the question of supplementation of vitamin A, during pregnancy, in Indian context where habitual diets are either inadequate or deficient in vitamin A.
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Banerjee S, Bhattacharyya S, Chakraborty I, Dirghangi BK. A rhenium(V)–arylimide species incorporating pyridine-2-aldimine chelation. Acta Crystallogr C 1999. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270199010732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Saha UK, Chakraborty I, Ghosh S, Banerjee P, Chakrabarti AK. Hereditary methaemoglobinaemia due to Cytochrome b-5 reductase deficiency—A case report. Indian J Clin Biochem 1997; 12:146-7. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02873680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Das SK, Chakraborty I, Wang J, Dey SK, Hoffman LH. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in the peri-implantation rabbit uterus. Biol Reprod 1997; 56:1390-9. [PMID: 9166690 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod56.6.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrial vasculature undergoes expansion during preimplantation stages and, even more prominently, after implantation. In addition to angiogenesis, vascular hyperpermeability accompanies the attachment and invasion of blastocysts into the uterine lining. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor expressed in mammalian uteri that also has potent activity in inducing vascular permeability. Rabbit uteri were examined using Northern and in situ hybridization to assess the temporal and spatial expression of VEGF and its receptor (Flk-1, Flt-1) mRNAs during the pre- and peri-implantation periods (Days 0-8). Steady-state levels of VEGF mRNA were highest in endometrium at estrous and peri-implantation stages (Days 6-8). In situ hybridization revealed a shift from uniform expression of VEGF transcripts throughout the uterus at estrus and Day 4, to an endometrial epithelial localization just before and during implantation. At implantation sites, a pronounced signal was present in the trophoblastic knobs, the syncytial aggregates that attach to and invade the endometrium. VEGF protein was detected by immunoblot analysis in peri-implantation-stage uteri but was below the limit of detection in estrous endometrium. VEGF receptor mRNAs were expressed in the uterus at all stages examined, with high levels of Flk-1 and Flt-1 at estrus and again just before implantation, 6-3/4 days pregnant. The high level just before implantation correlates with in situ hybridization results showing a prominent, but transient, signal for Flk-1 mRNA in the endometrial epithelium. During implantation, Flk-1 mRNA was associated with blood vessels of the endometrial stroma. We conclude that VEGF is a candidate factor for the induction of vascular hyperpermeability at implantation in the rabbit and in the angiogenic process that follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Das
- Department of Physiology, Ralph L. Smith Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66103, USA
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Chakraborty I, Ghosh S, Bhattacharjya G, Basak M, Gupta G, Ganguly U. Essential fructosuria--a case report. J Indian Med Assoc 1996; 94:240, 233. [PMID: 8979684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Chakraborty I, Das SK, Wang J, Dey SK. Developmental expression of the cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 genes in the peri-implantation mouse uterus and their differential regulation by the blastocyst and ovarian steroids. J Mol Endocrinol 1996; 16:107-22. [PMID: 9156514 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0160107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs) and exists in two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. In the rodent, increased uterine vascular permeability at sites of blastocyst apposition is one of the earliest prerequisite events in the implantation process. This event is preceded by generalized uterine edema and luminal closure, and coincides with the initial attachment reaction between the trophectoderm and luminal epithelium. Vasoactive PGs are implicated in these processes. Here we demonstrate that COX genes are differentially regulated in the peri-implantation mouse uterus. During the preimplantation period (days 1-4), the COX-1 gene was expressed in the uterine epithelium mainly on day 4 until the initiation of attachment reaction in the evening after which the expression was downregulated. This COX-1 expression coincides with the generalized uterine edema required for luminal closure. In contrast, the COX-2 gene was expressed in the luminal epithelium and subepithelial stromal cells at the anti-mesometrial pole exclusively surrounding the blastocyst at the time of attachment reaction on day 4 and persisted through the morning of day 5. This uterine gene was not expressed at the sites of blastocyst apposition during progesterone (P(4))-treated delayed implantation, but was readily induced in the uterus surrounding the activated blastocysts after termination of the delay by estradiol-17beta (E(2)). The results suggest that PG synthesis catalyzed by COX-2 is important for localized increased uterine vascular permeability and attachment reaction. The COX-1 gene that was downregulated from the time of attachment reaction on day 4 was again expressed in the mesometrial and anti-mesometrial secondary decidual beds on days 7 and 8. These results suggest that PGs generated by COX-1 are involved in decidualization and/or continued localized endometrial vascular permeability observed during this period. In contrast, the COX-2 gene, expressed at the anti-mesometrial pole on days 4 and 5, switched its expression to the mesometrial pole from day 6 onward. These results suggest that PGs produced at this site by COX-2 are involved in angiogenesis for the establishment of placenta. In the ovariectomized mice, the COX-1 gene was induced in the epithelium by a combined treatment with P(4) and E(2). However, P(4) and/or E(2) treatments failed to influence the uterine COX-2 gene. Overall, the results suggest that the uterine COX-1 gene is influenced by ovarian steroids, while the COX-2 gene is regulated by the implanting blastocyst during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, Ralph L. Smith Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7338, USA
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Chakraborty I, Das SK, Dey SK. Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor mRNAs in the mouse uterus around the time of implantation. J Endocrinol 1995; 147:339-52. [PMID: 7490564 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1470339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a mitogen for endothelial cells and an inducer of angiogenesis. VEGF is also known as a vascular permeability factor because it can stimulate vascular permeability. In the rodent, increased uterine vascular permeability occurs at the sites of blastocysts with the onset of the attachment reaction. This is followed by stromal decidualization and angiogenesis. We examined the temporal and spatial expression of VEGF and its receptors, Flk-1 and Flt-1, in the mouse uterus during the peri-implantation period (days 1-8) using Northern and in situ hybridization to assess the involvement of VEGF in the process of implantation. Primarily, a major (approximately 4.2 kb) transcript for VEGF mRNA was detected in uterine poly(A)+ samples, except for the presence of two other minor (approximately 3.7 and 2.5 kb) transcripts in decidual samples. The steady-state levels of these transcripts did not vary much during the peri-implantation period, except for an increase in day-8 decidual samples. Results of in situ hybridization experiments demonstrated accumulation of VEGF mRNA in the luminal epithelium on days 1 and 2. In contrast, stromal cells exhibited a modest level of signals on day 3. On day 4, luminal epithelial cells and those in the subepithelial stromal bed accumulated VEGF mRNA. On days 5-7, a clear cell type-specific accumulation of this mRNA was noted. On day 5 after the initial attachment reaction, luminal epithelial and stromal cells immediately surrounding the blastocyst exhibited accumulation of VEGF mRNA. On days 6-8, the accumulation occurred in cells in the decidual bed at both the mesometrial and antimesometrial poles. The embryo, especially the trophoblast giant cells, also accumulated VEGF mRNA on day 8. The expression of the VEGF receptors, Flk-1 and Flt-1, was also examined. A single transcript (approximately 6.5-7.0 kb) for Flk-1 mRNA and two transcripts (approximately 6.5 and 7.5 kb) for that of Flt-1 were detected in poly(A)+ uterine RNA samples. In situ hybridization studies showed accumulation of Flk-1 mRNA in a subset of cells in the stromal bed on day 4, but not in any uterine cell types on day 1. On days 5-8, cells in both the mesometrial and antimesometrial decidual beds exhibited accumulation of Flk-1 and Flt-1 mRNAs. Lectin binding (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin) was used to identify newly sprouting endothelial cells (angiogenesis), while an antibody to the von Willebrand factor (vWF) was employed to identify endothelial cells in general.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, Ralph L Smith Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7338, USA
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Surveyor GA, Gendler SJ, Pemberton L, Das SK, Chakraborty I, Julian J, Pimental RA, Wegner CC, Dey SK, Carson DD. Expression and steroid hormonal control of Muc-1 in the mouse uterus. Endocrinology 1995; 136:3639-47. [PMID: 7628404 DOI: 10.1210/endo.136.8.7628404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory established that large M(r) mucin glycoproteins are major apically disposed components of mouse uterine epithelial cells in vitro. The present studies demonstrate that Muc-1 represents one of the apically disposed mucin glycoproteins of mouse uterine epithelia, and that Muc-1 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression are regulated in the periimplantation mouse uterus by ovarian steroids. Muc-1 expression is exclusive to the epithelial cells of the uterus under all conditions examined. Muc-1 expression is high in the proestrous and estrous stages and decreases during diestrous. Both Muc-1 protein and mRNA decline to barely detectable levels by day 4 of pregnancy, i.e. before the time of blastocyst attachment. In contrast, Muc-1 expression in the cervix and vagina is maintained during this same period. Delayed implantation was established in pregnant mice by ovariectomy and maintained by the administration of exogenous progesterone (P). Initiation of implantation was triggered by coinjection of P-maintained mice with a nidatory dose of 17 beta-estradiol (E2). Muc-1 levels in the uterine epithelia of P-maintained mice declined to low levels similar to those observed on day 4 of normal pregnancy. Coinjection of E2 did not alter Muc-1 expression, suggesting that down-regulation of Muc-1 is a P-dominated event. This was confirmed in ovariectomized nonpregnant mice, which displayed stimulation of Muc-1 expression after 6 h of E2 injection. E2-Stimulated Muc-1 expression was inhibited by the pure antiestrogen, ICI 164,384. Although P alone had no effect on Muc-1 expression, it antagonized the action of E2. Injection of pregnant mice with the antiprogestin, RU486, a known implantation inhibitor, on day 3 of pregnancy restored high level expression of Muc-1 mRNA on day 4, indicating that down-regulation of Muc-1 is P receptor mediated. Collectively, these data indicate that Muc-1 expression in mouse uterine epithelium is strongly influenced by ovarian steroids. It is suggested that the loss of Muc-1 contributes to generation of a receptive uterine state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Surveyor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Das SK, Chakraborty I, Paria BC, Wang XN, Plowman G, Dey SK. Amphiregulin is an implantation-specific and progesterone-regulated gene in the mouse uterus. Mol Endocrinol 1995; 9:691-705. [PMID: 8592515 DOI: 10.1210/mend.9.6.8592515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A synchrony between the activated state of the blastocyst and differentiation of the uterus to the receptive state is essential to the process of implantation. This process is directed by progesterone (P4) and estrogen. The mechanism by which P4 differentiates the uterus, enabling estrogen to initiate implantation, is unknown but likely to involve localized induction of growth and differentiation factors. We have cloned the murine amphiregulin (AR) gene, a newly discovered member of the epidermal growth factor family, and demonstrate that its expression is implantation-specific and P4-regulated in the mouse uterus. A transient surge in AR mRNA levels occurred throughout the uterine epithelium on day 4 of pregnancy. With the onset of blastocyst attachment late on day 4, AR mRNA accumulated in the luminal epithelium exclusively at the sites of blastocysts. Thus, AR expression correlated first with rising P4 levels and then with the attachment reaction. The rapid induction of AR mRNA in the ovariectomized uterus only by P4 and abrogation of this induction by RU-486 (a P4 receptor antagonist) suggest that this uterine gene is regulated by P4. AR appeared to exhibit preferential phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in the uterus over that in the blastocyst. This is a first report of a P4-regulated uterine epithelial cell growth factor that is associated with epithelial cell differentiation during implantation. The association of AR in implantation is further documented by its down-regulation in the day 4 pregnant uterus in which uterine receptivity and implantation were disrupted by estrogen or RU-486 treatment on day 3. These results further indicate that the expression of the AR gene could serve as a molecular marker for the receptive state of the uterus for implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Das
- Department of Physiology, Ralph L. Smith Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7338, USA
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Abstract
Using RNA (Northern) blot hybridization and reverse transcription-PCR, we demonstrate that the brain-type cannabinoid receptor (CB1-R) mRNA, but not the spleen-type cannabinoid receptor (CB2-R) mRNA, is expressed in the mouse uterus and that this organ has the capacity to synthesize the putative endogenous cannabinoid ligand, anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide). The psychoactive cannabinoid component of marijuana--delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)--or anandamide, but not the inactive and nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD), inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in the mouse uterus, which was prevented by pertussis toxin pretreatment. These results suggest that uterine CB1-R is coupled to inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein and is biologically active. Autoradiographic studies identified ligand binding sites ([3H]anandamide) in the uterine epithelium and stromal cells, suggesting that these cells are perhaps the targets for cannabinoid action. Scatchard analysis of the binding of [3H]WIN 55212-2, another cannabinoid receptor ligand, showed a single class of high-affinity binding sites in the endometrium with an apparent Kd of 2.4 nM and Bmax of 5.4 x 10(9) molecules per mg of protein. The gene encoding lactoferrin is an estrogen-responsive gene in the mouse uterus that was rapidly and transiently up-regulated by THC, but not by CBD, in ovariectomized mice in the absence of ovarian steroids. This effect, unlike that of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), was not influenced by a pure antiestrogen, ICI 182780, suggesting that the THC-induced uterine lactoferrin gene expression does not involve estrogen receptors. We propose that the uterus is a new target for cannabinoid ligand-receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Ralph L. Smith Research Center, Kansas City 66160-7338, USA
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Majhi D, Maity B, Chakraborty I, Roy I. Post-traumatic hypopituitarism. J Indian Med Assoc 1993; 91:261-2. [PMID: 8308309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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