1
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Kumar Singh A, Huang JS. Optical responses of Fano resonators in non-spectral parametric domains. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3720-3723. [PMID: 35913298 DOI: 10.1364/ol.465901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fano resonance observed in various classical and quantum systems features an asymmetric spectral line shape. For designing nanoresonators for monochromatic applications, it is beneficial to describe Fano resonance in non-spectral parametric domains of critical structural parameters. We develop an analytical model of the parametric Fano profile based on a coupled harmonic oscillator model and theoretically demonstrate its application in describing the optical response of a series of waveguided plasmonic crystals of varying periodicity. The developed parametric Fano model may find applications in the design of monochromatic and spectrometer-free nanodevices.
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2
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Paliwal P, Blech A, Koch CP, Narevicius E. Fano interference in quantum resonances from angle-resolved elastic scattering. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7249. [PMID: 34903758 PMCID: PMC8668881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric spectral line shapes are a hallmark of interference of a quasi-bound state with a continuum of states. Such line shapes are well known for multichannel systems, for example, in photoionization or Feshbach resonances in molecular scattering. On the other hand, in resonant single channel scattering, the signature of such interference may disappear due to the orthogonality of partial waves. Here, we show that probing the angular dependence of the cross section allows us to unveil asymmetric Fano profiles also in a single channel shape resonance. We observe a shift in the peak of the resonance profile in the elastic collisions between metastable helium and deuterium molecules with detection angle, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions from full quantum scattering calculations. Using a model description for the partial wave interference, we can disentangle the resonant and background contributions and extract the relative phase responsible for the characteristic Fano-like profiles from our experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Paliwal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Blech
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane P Koch
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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3
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Bound-State Electron Dynamics Driven by Near-Resonantly Detuned Intense and Ultrashort Pulsed XUV Fields. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on numerical results revealing line-shape asymmetry changes of electronic transitions in atoms near-resonantly driven by intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) electric fields by monitoring their transient absorption spectrum after transmission through a moderately dense atomic medium. Our numerical model utilizes ultrashort broadband XUV laser pulses varied in their intensity (1014–1015 W/cm2) and detuning nearly out of resonance for a quantitative evaluation of the absorption line-shape asymmetry. It will be shown how transient energy shifts of the bound electronic states can be linked to these asymmetry changes in the case of an ultrashort XUV driving pulse temporally shorter than the lifetime of the resonant excitation, and how the asymmetry can be controlled by the near-resonant detuning of the XUV pulse. In the case of a two-level system, the numerical model is compared to an analytical calculation, which helps to uncover the underlying mechanism for the detuning- and intensity-induced line-shape modification and links it to the generalized Rabi frequency. To further apply the numerical model to recent experimental results of the near-resonant dressing of the 2s2p doubly excited state in helium by an ultrashort XUV free-electron laser pulse we extend the two-level model with an ionization continuum, thereby enabling the description of transmission-type (Fraunhofer-like) transient absorption of a strongly laser-coupled autoionizing state.
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4
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Ding T, Rebholz M, Aufleger L, Hartmann M, Meyer K, Stooß V, Magunia A, Wachs D, Birk P, Mi Y, Borisova GD, Castanheira CDC, Rupprecht P, Loh ZH, Attar AR, Gaumnitz T, Roling S, Butz M, Zacharias H, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Cavaletto SM, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Nonlinear Coherence Effects in Transient-Absorption Ion Spectroscopy with Stochastic Extreme-Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:103001. [PMID: 31573300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate time-resolved nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy on multiply charged ions, here applied to the doubly charged neon ion, driven by a phase-locked sequence of two intense free-electron laser pulses. Absorption signatures of resonance lines due to 2p-3d bound-bound transitions between the spin-orbit multiplets ^{3}P_{0,1,2} and ^{3}D_{1,2,3} of the transiently produced doubly charged Ne^{2+} ion are revealed, with time-dependent spectral changes over a time-delay range of (2.4±0.3) fs. Furthermore, we observe 10-meV-scale spectral shifts of these resonances owing to the ac Stark effect. We use a time-dependent quantum model to explain the observations by an enhanced coupling of the ionic quantum states with the partially coherent free-electron laser radiation when the phase-locked pump and probe pulses precisely overlap in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Wachs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Andrew R Attar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Butz
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Stooß V, Hartmann M, Birk P, Borisova GD, Ding T, Blättermann A, Ott C, Pfeifer T. XUV-beamline for attosecond transient absorption measurements featuring a broadband common beam-path time-delay unit and in situ reference spectrometer for high stability and sensitivity. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:053108. [PMID: 31153289 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measuring bound-state quantum dynamics, excited and driven by strong fields, is achievable by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Here, a vacuum beamline for spectroscopy in the attosecond temporal and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range is presented, which is a tool for observing and controlling nonequilibrium electron dynamics. In particular, we introduce a technique to record an XUV absorption signal and the corresponding reference simultaneously, which greatly improves the signal quality. The apparatus is based on a common beam path design for XUV and near-infrared (NIR) laser light in a vacuum. This ensures minimal spatiotemporal fluctuations between the strong NIR laser and the XUV excitation and reference beams, while the grazing incidence optics enable broadband spectral coverage. The apparatus combines high spectral and temporal resolution together with an increase in sensitivity to weak absorption signatures by an order of magnitude. This opens up new possibilities for studying strong-field-driven electron dynamics in bound systems on their natural attosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Drescher L, Reitsma G, Witting T, Patchkovskii S, Mikosch J, Vrakking MJJ. State-Resolved Probing of Attosecond Timescale Molecular Dipoles. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:265-269. [PMID: 30547594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study of iodomethane attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) in the region of iodine 4d core-to-valence/Rydberg excitation. Similar to previous atomic experiments, extreme ultraviolet near-infrared (XUV-NIR) delay-dependent absorbance changes reflect a light-induced phase due to an NIR-field driven AC Stark shift of the excited states, as well as pathway interferences arising from couplings between neighboring states. As a novel aspect of molecular ATAS, we observe pronounced differences between the ATAS signatures of valence and Rydberg states. While the core-to-valence transitions carry the majority of the XUV oscillator strength, the core-to-Rydberg transitions are dominantly affected by a moderately strong, nonionizing NIR field. Our experimental findings are corroborated by ab initio calculations and ATAS simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Drescher
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - G Reitsma
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - T Witting
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - S Patchkovskii
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - J Mikosch
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - M J J Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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7
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Zhu J, Gan S, Ruan B, Wu L, Cai H, Dai X, Xiang Y. Fano Resonance in Waveguide Coupled Surface Exciton Polaritons: Theory and Application in Biosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4437. [PMID: 30558226 PMCID: PMC6308616 DOI: 10.3390/s18124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface exciton polaritons (SEPs) are one of the three major elementary excitations: Phonons, plasmons and excitons. They propagate along the interface of the crystal and dielectric medium. Surface exciton polaritons hold a significant position in the aspect of novel sensor and optical devices. In this article, we have realized a sharp Fano resonance (FR) by coupling the planar waveguide mode (WGM) and SEP mode with Cytop (perfluoro (1-butenyl vinyl ether)) and J-aggregate cyanine dye. After analyzing the coupling mechanism and the localized field enhancement, we then applied our structure to the imaging biosensor. It was shown that the maximum imaging sensitivity of this sensor could be as high as 5858 RIU-1, which is more than three times as much as classical FR based on metal. A biosensor with ultra-high sensitivity, simple manufacturing technique and lower cost with J-aggregate cyanine dye provides us with the most appropriate substitute for the surface plasmon resonance sensors with the noble metals and paves the way for applications in new sensing technology and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shuaiwen Gan
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Banxian Ruan
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Leiming Wu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Houzhi Cai
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yuanjiang Xiang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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8
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Stooß V, Cavaletto SM, Donsa S, Blättermann A, Birk P, Keitel CH, Březinová I, Burgdörfer J, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Real-Time Reconstruction of the Strong-Field-Driven Dipole Response. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:173005. [PMID: 30411962 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.173005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The reconstruction of the full temporal dipole response of a strongly driven time-dependent system from a single absorption spectrum is demonstrated, only requiring that a sufficiently short pulse is employed to initialize the coherent excitation of the system. We apply this finding to the time-domain observation of Rabi cycling between doubly excited atomic states in the few-femtosecond regime. This allows us to pinpoint the breakdown of few-level quantum dynamics at the critical laser intensity near 2 TW/cm^{2} in doubly excited helium. The present approach unlocks single-shot real-time-resolved signal reconstruction across timescales down to attoseconds for nonequilibrium states of matter. In contrast to conventional pump-probe schemes, there is no need for scanning time delays in order to access real-time information. The potential future applications of this technique range from testing fundamental quantum dynamics in strong fields to measuring and controlling ultrafast chemical and biological reaction processes when applied to traditional transient-absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - S M Cavaletto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - S Donsa
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - A Blättermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - P Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - C H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - I Březinová
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - C Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
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9
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Kaldun A, Blättermann A, Stooß V, Donsa S, Wei H, Pazourek R, Nagele S, Ott C, Lin CD, Burgdörfer J, Pfeifer T. Observing the ultrafast buildup of a Fano resonance in the time domain. Science 2017; 354:738-741. [PMID: 27846603 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although the time-dependent buildup of asymmetric Fano line shapes in absorption spectra has been of great theoretical interest in the past decade, experimental verification of the predictions has been elusive. Here, we report the experimental observation of the emergence of a Fano resonance in the prototype system of helium by interrupting the autoionization process of a correlated two-electron excited state with a strong laser field. The tunable temporal gate between excitation and termination of the resonance allows us to follow the formation of a Fano line shape in time. The agreement with ab initio calculations validates our experimental time-gating technique for addressing an even broader range of topics, such as the emergence of electron correlation, the onset of electron-internuclear coupling, and quasi-particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaldun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Blättermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Donsa
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - H Wei
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 230 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - R Pazourek
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Nagele
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C D Lin
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 230 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. .,Center for Quantum Dynamics, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, EU
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10
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Wang Y, Liao L, Hu T, Luo S, Wu L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Xie W, Sun L, Kavokin AV, Shen X, Chen Z. Exciton-Polariton Fano Resonance Driven by Second Harmonic Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:063602. [PMID: 28234528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) spectra of ZnO microwires show characteristic Fano resonances in the spectral vicinity of exciton-polariton modes. We observe a resonant peak followed by a strong dip in SHG originating from the constructive and destructive interference of the nonresonant SHG and the resonant contribution of the polariton mode. It is demonstrated that the Fano line shape, and thus the Fano asymmetry parameter q, can be tuned by the phase shift of the two channels. We develop a model to calculate the phase-dependent q as a function of the radial angle in the microwire and achieve a good agreement with the experimental results. The deduced phase-to-q relation unveils the crucial information about the dynamics of the system and offers a tool for control on the line shape of the SHG spectra in the vicinity of exciton-polariton modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Liming Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Song Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Liaoxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - A V Kavokin
- University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO249QH, United Kingdom
- SPIN-CNR, Viale del Politechnico 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St-Petersburg State University, 1 Ulianovskaya, St-Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Xuechu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zhanghai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China
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11
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Liu Z, Wang Q, Ding J, Cavaletto SM, Pfeifer T, Hu B. Observation and quantification of the quantum dynamics of a strong-field excited multi-level system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39993. [PMID: 28051167 PMCID: PMC5209658 DOI: 10.1038/srep39993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantum dynamics of a V-type three-level system, whose two resonances are first excited by a weak probe pulse and subsequently modified by another strong one, is studied. The quantum dynamics of the multi-level system is closely related to the absorption spectrum of the transmitted probe pulse and its modification manifests itself as a modulation of the absorption line shape. Applying the dipole-control model, the modulation induced by the second strong pulse to the system’s dynamics is quantified by eight intensity-dependent parameters, describing the self and inter-state contributions. The present study opens the route to control the quantum dynamics of multi-level systems and to quantify the quantum-control process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoye Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Quanjun Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Jingjie Ding
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | | | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Bitao Hu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
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Warrick ER, Cao W, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Probing the Dynamics of Rydberg and Valence States of Molecular Nitrogen with Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3165-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika R. Warrick
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wei Cao
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Spectral phase measurement of a Fano resonance using tunable attosecond pulses. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10566. [PMID: 26887682 PMCID: PMC4759632 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron dynamics induced by resonant absorption of light is of fundamental importance in nature and has been the subject of countless studies in many scientific areas. Above the ionization threshold of atomic or molecular systems, the presence of discrete states leads to autoionization, which is an interference between two quantum paths: direct ionization and excitation of the discrete state coupled to the continuum. Traditionally studied with synchrotron radiation, the probability for autoionization exhibits a universal Fano intensity profile as a function of excitation energy. However, without additional phase information, the full temporal dynamics cannot be recovered. Here we use tunable attosecond pulses combined with weak infrared radiation in an interferometric setup to measure not only the intensity but also the phase variation of the photoionization amplitude across an autoionization resonance in argon. The phase variation can be used as a fingerprint of the interactions between the discrete state and the ionization continua, indicating a new route towards monitoring electron correlations in time. Resonant absorption of light in atoms can lead to autoionization, whose probability exhibits a Fano intensity profile. Here, the authors use attosecond pulses and weak infrared radiation to study the phase variation of the photoionization amplitude across an autoionization resonance in argon.
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Blättermann A, Ott C, Kaldun A, Ding T, Stooß V, Laux M, Rebholz M, Pfeifer T. In situ characterization of few-cycle laser pulses in transient absorption spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3464-3467. [PMID: 26258333 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy has thus far been lacking the capability to simultaneously characterize the intense laser pulses at work within a time-resolved quantum-dynamics experiment. However, precise knowledge of these pulses is key to extracting quantitative information in strong-field highly nonlinear light-matter interactions. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast metrology tool based on the time-delay-dependent phase shift imprinted on a strong-field-driven resonance. Since we analyze the signature of the laser pulse interacting with the absorbing spectroscopy target, the laser pulse duration and intensity are determined in situ. As we also show, this approach allows for the quantification of time-dependent bound-state dynamics in one and the same experiment. In the future, such experimental data will facilitate more precise tests of strong-field dynamics theories.
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15
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Liu Z, Cavaletto SM, Ott C, Meyer K, Mi Y, Harman Z, Keitel CH, Pfeifer T. Phase Reconstruction of Strong-Field Excited Systems by Transient-Absorption Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:033003. [PMID: 26230787 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.033003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of a V-type three-level system is studied, whose two resonances are coherently excited and coupled by two ultrashort laser pump and probe pulses, separated by a varying time delay. We relate the quantum dynamics of the excited multilevel system to the absorption spectrum of the transmitted probe pulse. In particular, by analyzing the quantum evolution of the system, we interpret how atomic phases are differently encoded in the time-delay-dependent spectral absorption profiles when the pump pulse either precedes or follows the probe pulse. This scheme is experimentally applied to atomic Rb, whose fine-structure-split 5s (2)S{1/2}→5p(2)P{1/2} and 5s(2)S_{1/2}→5p(2)P{3/2} transitions are driven by the combined action of a pump pulse of variable intensity and a delayed probe pulse. The provided understanding of the relationship between quantum phases and absorption spectra represents an important step towards full time-dependent phase reconstruction (quantum holography) of bound-state wave packets in strong-field light-matter interactions with atoms, molecules, and solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoye Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Liao CT, Sandhu A, Camp S, Schafer KJ, Gaarde MB. Beyond the single-atom response in absorption line shapes: probing a dense, laser-dressed helium gas with attosecond pulse trains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:143002. [PMID: 25910116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.143002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the absorption line shapes of laser-dressed atoms beyond the single-atom response, by using extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse trains to probe an optically thick helium target under the influence of a strong infrared (IR) field. We study the interplay between the IR-induced phase shift of the microscopic time-dependent dipole moment and the resonant-propagation-induced reshaping of the macroscopic XUV pulse. Our experimental and theoretical results show that as the optical depth increases, this interplay leads initially to a broadening of the IR-modified line shape, and subsequently, to the appearance of new, narrow features in the absorption line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Liao
- College of Optical Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Arvinder Sandhu
- College of Optical Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Seth Camp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Kenneth J Schafer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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