1
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Jolin SW, Andersson G, Hernández JCR, Strandberg I, Quijandría F, Aumentado J, Borgani R, Tholén MO, Haviland DB. Multipartite Entanglement in a Microwave Frequency Comb. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:120601. [PMID: 37027873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.120601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made with multipartite entanglement of discrete qubits, but continuous variable systems may provide a more scalable path toward entanglement of large ensembles. We demonstrate multipartite entanglement in a microwave frequency comb generated by a Josephson parametric amplifier subject to a bichromatic pump. We find 64 correlated modes in the transmission line using a multifrequency digital signal processing platform. Full inseparability is verified in a subset of seven modes. Our method can be expanded to generate even more entangled modes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan W Jolin
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Andersson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J C Rivera Hernández
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Strandberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fernando Quijandría
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - José Aumentado
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Riccardo Borgani
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Intermodulation Products AB, SE-823 93 Segersta, Sweden
| | - Mats O Tholén
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Intermodulation Products AB, SE-823 93 Segersta, Sweden
| | - David B Haviland
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Muraev P, Maksimov D, Kolovsky A. Quantum Manifestation of the Classical Bifurcation in the Driven Dissipative Bose-Hubbard Dimer. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:117. [PMID: 36673258 PMCID: PMC9858604 DOI: 10.3390/e25010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the classical and quantum dynamics of the driven dissipative Bose-Hubbard dimer. Under variation of the driving frequency, the classical system is shown to exhibit a bifurcation to the limit cycle, where its steady-state solution corresponds to periodic oscillation with the frequency unrelated to the driving frequency. This bifurcation is shown to lead to a peculiarity in the stationary single-particle density matrix of the quantum system. The case of the Bose-Hubbard trimer, where the discussed limit cycle bifurcates into a chaotic attractor, is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Muraev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- School of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- IRC SQC, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Maksimov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- IRC SQC, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Kolovsky
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- School of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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3
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Yelo-Sarrión J, Leo F, Gorza SP, Parra-Rivas P. Self-pulsing and chaos in the asymmetrically driven dissipative photonic Bose-Hubbard dimer: A bifurcation analysis. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2022; 32:083103. [PMID: 36049949 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We perform a systematic study of the temporal dynamics emerging in the asymmetrically driven dissipative Bose-Hubbard dimer model. This model successfully describes the nonlinear dynamics of photonic diatomic molecules in linearly coupled Kerr resonators coherently excited by a single laser beam. Such temporal dynamics may include self-pulsing oscillations, period doubled oscillatory states, chaotic dynamics, and spikes. We have thoroughly characterized such dynamical states, their origin, and their regions of stability by applying bifurcation analysis and dynamical system theory. This approach has allowed us to identify and classify the instabilities, which are responsible for the appearance of different types of temporal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Yelo-Sarrión
- OPERA-Photonique, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP 194/5, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Francois Leo
- OPERA-Photonique, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP 194/5, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simon-Pierre Gorza
- OPERA-Photonique, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP 194/5, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pedro Parra-Rivas
- OPERA-Photonique, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP 194/5, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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4
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Garbin B, Giraldo A, Peters KJH, Broderick NGR, Spakman A, Raineri F, Levenson A, Rodriguez SRK, Krauskopf B, Yacomotti AM. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in a Coherently Driven Nanophotonic Bose-Hubbard Dimer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:053901. [PMID: 35179911 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.053901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental observation of spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SSB) in coherently driven-dissipative coupled optical cavities. SSB is observed as the breaking of the spatial or mirror Z_{2} symmetry between two symmetrically pumped and evanescently coupled photonic crystal nanocavities, and manifests itself as random intensity localization in one of the two cavities. We show that, in a system featuring repulsive boson interactions (U>0), the observation of a pure pitchfork bifurcation requires negative photon hopping energies (J<0), which we have realized in our photonic crystal molecule. SSB is observed over a wide range of the two-dimensional parameter space of driving intensity and detuning, where we also find a region that exhibits bistable symmetric behavior. Our results pave the way for the experimental study of limit cycles and deterministic chaos arising from SSB, as well as the study of nonclassical photon correlations close to SSB transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Garbin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Giraldo
- Department of Mathematics and Dodd-Walls Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Photon Factory, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - K J H Peters
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N G R Broderick
- Photon Factory, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Physics and Dodd-Walls Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - A Spakman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Raineri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice, CNRS-UMR 7010, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - A Levenson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - S R K Rodriguez
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Krauskopf
- Department of Mathematics and Dodd-Walls Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - A M Yacomotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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5
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Zhang H, Pandit M, Sun J, Chen D, Sobreviela G, Zhao C, Seshia AA. On Weakly Coupled Resonant MEMS Transducers Operating in the Modal Overlap Regime. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:1448-1457. [PMID: 33017284 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3028567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized physical transducers based on weakly coupled resonators have previously demonstrated the twin benefits of high parametric sensitivity and the first-order common-mode rejection of environmental effects. Current approaches to sensing based on coupled resonator transducers employ strong coupling where the modal overlap of the responses is avoided. This strong coupling limits the sensitivity for such mode-localized sensors that utilize an amplitude ratio (AR) output metric as opposed to tracking resonant frequency shifts. In this article, this limitation is broken through by theoretically and experimentally demonstrating the operation of the weakly coupled resonators in the weak-coupling (modal overlap) regime. Especially, a prototype microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor based on this principle is employed to detect shifts in stiffness, with a stiffness bias instability of [Formula: see text]/m (9.5 ppb) and a corresponding noise floor of [Formula: see text]/m/ √ Hz (6.8 ppb/ √ Hz). The linear dynamic range of such AR readout sensors is first explored and found to be defined by the dynamic range of the secondary resonator. The proposed method provides a promising approach for high-performance resonant force and inertial sensors.
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6
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Wang C, Chen MC, Lu CY, Pan JW. Optimal readout of superconducting qubits exploiting high-level states. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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7
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Mercier de Lépinay L, Ockeloen-Korppi CF, Malz D, Sillanpää MA. Nonreciprocal Transport Based on Cavity Floquet Modes in Optomechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:023603. [PMID: 32701306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Directional transport is obtained in various multimode systems by driving multiple, nonreciprocally interfering interactions between individual bosonic modes. However, systems sustaining the required number of modes become physically complex. In our microwave-optomechanical experiment, we show how to configure nonreciprocal transport between frequency components of a single superconducting cavity coupled to two drumhead oscillators. The frequency components are promoted to Floquet modes and generate the missing dimension to realize an isolator and a directional amplifier. A second cavity left free by this arrangement is used to cool the mechanical oscillators and bring the transduction noise close to the quantum limit. We furthermore uncover a new type of instability specific to nonreciprocal coupling. Our approach is generic and can greatly simplify quantum signal processing and the design of topological lattices from low-dimensional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mercier de Lépinay
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Caspar F Ockeloen-Korppi
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Daniel Malz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mika A Sillanpää
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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8
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Kulikov A, Navarathna R, Fedorov A. Measuring Effective Temperatures of Qubits Using Correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:240501. [PMID: 32639795 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.240501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Initialization of a qubit in a pure state is a prerequisite for quantum computer operation. A plethora of ways to achieve this has been proposed in the last decade, from active reset protocols to advances in materials and shielding. An instrumental tool to evaluate those methods and develop new ones is the ability to measure the population of excited states with high precision and in a short period of time. In this Letter, we propose a new technique of finding the excited state population of a qubit using correlations between two sequential measurements. We experimentally implement the proposed technique using a circuit QED platform and compare its performance with previously developed ones. Unlike other techniques, our method does not require high-fidelity readout and does not involve the excited levels of the system outside of the qubit subspace. We experimentally demonstrated measurement of the spurious qubit population with accuracy of up to 0.01%. This accuracy enabled us to perform "temperature spectroscopy" of the qubit, which helps to shed light on decoherence sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Kulikov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rohit Navarathna
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Arkady Fedorov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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9
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Zou F, Lai DG, Liao JQ. Enhancement of photon blockade effect via quantum interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:16175-16190. [PMID: 32549445 DOI: 10.1364/oe.391628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the photon blockade effect in a coupled cavity system, which is formed by a linear cavity coupled to a Kerr-type nonlinear cavity via a photon-hopping interaction. We explain the physical phenomenon from the viewpoint of the conventional and unconventional photon blockade effects. The corresponding physical mechanisms of the two kinds of photon blockade effects are based on the anharmonicity in the eigenenergy spectrum and the destructive quantum interference between two different transition paths, respectively. In particular, we find that the photon blockade via destructive quantum interference also exists in the conventional photon blockade regime and that the unconventional photon blockade occurs in both the weak- and strong-Kerr nonlinearity cases. The photon blockade effect can be observed by calculating the second-order correlation function of the cavity field. This model is general and hence it can be implemented in various experimental setups such as coupled optical-cavity systems, coupled photon-magnon systems, and coupled superconducting-resonator systems. We present some discussions on the experimental feasibility.
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10
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Lau HK, Clerk AA. Ground-State Cooling and High-Fidelity Quantum Transduction via Parametrically Driven Bad-Cavity Optomechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:103602. [PMID: 32216414 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optomechanical couplings involve both beam splitter and two-mode-squeezing types of interactions. While the former underlies the utility of many applications, the latter creates unwanted excitations and is usually detrimental. In this Letter, we propose a simple but powerful method based on cavity parametric driving to suppress the unwanted excitation that does not require working with a deeply sideband-resolved cavity. Our approach is based on a simple observation: as both the optomechanical two-mode-squeezing interaction and the cavity parametric drive induce squeezing transformations of the relevant photonic bath modes, they can be made to cancel one another. We illustrate how our method can cool a mechanical oscillator below the quantum backaction limit, and significantly suppress the output noise of a sideband-unresolved optomechanical transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Kwan Lau
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Aashish A Clerk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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11
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Collodo MC, Potočnik A, Gasparinetti S, Besse JC, Pechal M, Sameti M, Hartmann MJ, Wallraff A, Eichler C. Observation of the Crossover from Photon Ordering to Delocalization in Tunably Coupled Resonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:183601. [PMID: 31144878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Networks of nonlinear resonators offer intriguing perspectives as quantum simulators for nonequilibrium many-body phases of driven-dissipative systems. Here, we employ photon correlation measurements to study the radiation fields emitted from a system of two superconducting resonators in a driven-dissipative regime, coupled nonlinearly by a superconducting quantum interference device, with cross-Kerr interactions dominating over on-site Kerr interactions. We apply a parametrically modulated magnetic flux to control the linear photon hopping rate between the two resonators and its ratio with the cross-Kerr rate. When increasing the hopping rate, we observe a crossover from an ordered to a delocalized state of photons. The presented coupling scheme is intrinsically robust to frequency disorder and may therefore prove useful for realizing larger-scale resonator arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Potočnik
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marek Pechal
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahdi Sameti
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Hartmann
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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12
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Rota R, Minganti F, Ciuti C, Savona V. Quantum Critical Regime in a Quadratically Driven Nonlinear Photonic Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:110405. [PMID: 30951358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study an array of coupled optical cavities in the presence of two-photon driving and dissipation. The system displays a critical behavior similar to that of a quantum Ising model at finite temperature. Using the corner-space renormalization method, we compute the steady-state properties of finite lattices of varying size, both in one and two dimensions. From a finite-size scaling of the average of the photon number parity, we highlight the emergence of a critical point in regimes of small dissipations, belonging to the quantum Ising universality class. For increasing photon loss rates, a departure from this universal behavior signals the onset of a quantum critical regime, where classical fluctuations induced by losses compete with long-range quantum correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rota
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Minganti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Cristiano Ciuti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Savona
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Rosario Hamann A, Müller C, Jerger M, Zanner M, Combes J, Pletyukhov M, Weides M, Stace TM, Fedorov A. Nonreciprocity Realized with Quantum Nonlinearity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:123601. [PMID: 30296135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonreciprocal devices are a key element for signal routing and noise isolation. Rapid development of quantum technologies has boosted the demand for a new generation of miniaturized and low-loss nonreciprocal components. Here, we use a pair of tunable superconducting artificial atoms in a 1D waveguide to experimentally realize a minimal passive nonreciprocal device. Taking advantage of the quantum nonlinear behavior of artificial atoms, we achieve nonreciprocal transmission through the waveguide in a wide range of powers. Our results are consistent with theoretical modeling showing that nonreciprocity is associated with the population of the two-qubit nonlocal entangled quasidark state, which responds asymmetrically to incident fields from opposing directions. Our experiment highlights the role of quantum correlations in enabling nonreciprocal behavior and opens a path to building passive quantum nonreciprocal devices without magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rosario Hamann
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Clemens Müller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Jerger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maximilian Zanner
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joshua Combes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mikhail Pletyukhov
- Institute for Theory of Statistical Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Weides
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Engineering, Electronics & Nanoscale Engineering Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Stace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Arkady Fedorov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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14
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Vaneph C, Morvan A, Aiello G, Féchant M, Aprili M, Gabelli J, Estève J. Observation of the Unconventional Photon Blockade in the Microwave Domain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:043602. [PMID: 30095965 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have observed the unconventional photon blockade effect for microwave photons using two coupled superconducting resonators. As opposed to the conventional blockade, only weakly nonlinear resonators are required. The blockade is revealed through measurements of the second order correlation function g^{(2)}(t) of the microwave field inside one of the two resonators. The lowest measured value of g^{(2)}(0) is 0.4 for a resonator population of approximately 10^{-2} photons. The time evolution of g^{(2)}(t) exhibits an oscillatory behavior, which is characteristic of the unconventional photon blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Vaneph
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alexis Morvan
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Gianluca Aiello
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Féchant
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marco Aprili
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Gabelli
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Estève
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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15
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Eichler C, Petta JR. Realizing a Circuit Analog of an Optomechanical System with Longitudinally Coupled Superconducting Resonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:227702. [PMID: 29906158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.227702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We realize a superconducting circuit analog of the generic cavity-optomechanical Hamiltonian by longitudinally coupling two superconducting resonators, which are an order of magnitude different in frequency. We achieve longitudinal coupling by embedding a superconducting quantum interference device into a high frequency resonator, making its resonance frequency depend on the zero point current fluctuations of a nearby low frequency LC resonator. By applying sideband drive fields we enhance the intrinsic coupling strength of about 15 kHz up to 280 kHz by controlling the amplitude of the drive field. Our results pave the way towards the exploration of optomechanical effects in a fully superconducting platform and could enable quantum optics experiments with photons in the yet unexplored radio frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eichler
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J R Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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16
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Khan S, Türeci HE. Frequency Combs in a Lumped-Element Josephson-Junction Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:153601. [PMID: 29756875 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of a microwave-driven Josephson junction capacitively coupled to a lumped-element LC oscillator. In the regime of driving where the Josephson junction can be approximated as a Kerr oscillator, this minimal nonlinear system has been previously shown to exhibit a bistability in phase and amplitude. In the present study, we characterize the full phase diagram and show that besides a parameter regime exhibiting bistability, there is also a regime of self-oscillations characterized by a frequency comb in its spectrum. We discuss the mechanism of comb generation which appears to be different from those studied in microcavity frequency combs and mode-locked lasers. We then address the fate of the comblike spectrum in the regime of strong quantum fluctuations, reached when nonlinearity becomes the dominant scale with respect to dissipation. We find that the nonlinearity responsible for the emergence of the frequency combs also leads to its dephasing, leading to broadening and ultimate disappearance of sharp spectral peaks. Our study explores the fundamental question of the impact of quantum fluctuations for quantum systems which do not possess a stable fixed point in the classical limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Hakan E Türeci
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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17
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Landon-Cardinal O, Govia LCG, Clerk AA. Quantitative Tomography for Continuous Variable Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:090501. [PMID: 29547319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a continuous variable tomography scheme that reconstructs the Husimi Q function (Wigner function) by Lagrange interpolation, using measurements of the Q function (Wigner function) at the Padua points, conjectured to be optimal sampling points for two dimensional reconstruction. Our approach drastically reduces the number of measurements required compared to using equidistant points on a regular grid, although reanalysis of such experiments is possible. The reconstruction algorithm produces a reconstructed function with exponentially decreasing error and quasilinear runtime in the number of Padua points. Moreover, using the interpolating polynomial of the Q function, we present a technique to directly estimate the density matrix elements of the continuous variable state, with only a linear propagation of input measurement error. Furthermore, we derive a state-independent analytical bound on this error, such that our estimate of the density matrix is accompanied by a measure of its uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Landon-Cardinal
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Luke C G Govia
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aashish A Clerk
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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18
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Eddins A, Schreppler S, Toyli DM, Martin LS, Hacohen-Gourgy S, Govia LCG, Ribeiro H, Clerk AA, Siddiqi I. Stroboscopic Qubit Measurement with Squeezed Illumination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:040505. [PMID: 29437450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microwave squeezing represents the ultimate sensitivity frontier for superconducting qubit measurement. However, measurement enhancement has remained elusive, in part because integration with standard dispersive readout pollutes the signal channel with antisqueezed noise. Here we induce a stroboscopic light-matter coupling with superior squeezing compatibility, and observe an increase in the final signal-to-noise ratio of 24%. Squeezing the orthogonal phase slows measurement-induced dephasing by a factor of 1.8. This scheme provides a means to the practical application of squeezing for qubit measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eddins
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Schreppler
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D M Toyli
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L S Martin
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Hacohen-Gourgy
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L C G Govia
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - H Ribeiro
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - A A Clerk
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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19
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Kulikov A, Jerger M, Potočnik A, Wallraff A, Fedorov A. Realization of a Quantum Random Generator Certified with the Kochen-Specker Theorem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:240501. [PMID: 29286749 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.240501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Random numbers are required for a variety of applications from secure communications to Monte Carlo simulation. Yet randomness is an asymptotic property, and no output string generated by a physical device can be strictly proven to be random. We report an experimental realization of a quantum random number generator (QRNG) with randomness certified by quantum contextuality and the Kochen-Specker theorem. The certification is not performed in a device-independent way but through a rigorous theoretical proof of each outcome being value indefinite even in the presence of experimental imperfections. The analysis of the generated data confirms the incomputable nature of our QRNG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Kulikov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Jerger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anton Potočnik
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Arkady Fedorov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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20
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Matsko AB, Maleki L. Bose-Hubbard hopping due to resonant Rayleigh scattering. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4764-4767. [PMID: 29140364 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show theoretically that dynamic behavior of light confined in the modes of a nonlinear optical ring cavity characterized by resonant Rayleigh scattering can be described using the Bose-Hubbard model. Nonlinear interaction between clockwise and counterclockwise optical modes results in instability and intermode hopping occurring at a rate defined by the frequency separation of the Rayleigh doublet harmonics. Hopping may lead to an instability and breathing behavior of a Kerr frequency comb observed in the cavity.
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21
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Gasparinetti S, Pechal M, Besse JC, Mondal M, Eichler C, Wallraff A. Correlations and Entanglement of Microwave Photons Emitted in a Cascade Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:140504. [PMID: 29053288 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.140504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use a three-level artificial atom in the ladder configuration as a source of correlated, single microwave photons of different frequency. The artificial atom, a transmon-type superconducting circuit, is driven at the two-photon transition between ground and second-excited state, and embedded into an on-chip switch that selectively routes different-frequency photons into different spatial modes. Under continuous driving, we measure power cross-correlations between the two modes and observe a crossover between strong antibunching and superbunching, typical of cascade decay, and an oscillatory pattern as the drive strength becomes comparable to the radiative decay rate. By preparing the source in a superposition state using an excitation pulse, we achieve deterministic generation of entangled photon pairs, as demonstrated by nonvanishing phase correlations and more generally by joint quantum state tomography of the two itinerant photonic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Pechal
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mintu Mondal
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Wendin G. Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:106001. [PMID: 28682303 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7e1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During the last ten years, superconducting circuits have passed from being interesting physical devices to becoming contenders for near-future useful and scalable quantum information processing (QIP). Advanced quantum simulation experiments have been shown with up to nine qubits, while a demonstration of quantum supremacy with fifty qubits is anticipated in just a few years. Quantum supremacy means that the quantum system can no longer be simulated by the most powerful classical supercomputers. Integrated classical-quantum computing systems are already emerging that can be used for software development and experimentation, even via web interfaces. Therefore, the time is ripe for describing some of the recent development of superconducting devices, systems and applications. As such, the discussion of superconducting qubits and circuits is limited to devices that are proven useful for current or near future applications. Consequently, the centre of interest is the practical applications of QIP, such as computation and simulation in Physics and Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wendin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience-MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Güttinger J, Noury A, Weber P, Eriksson AM, Lagoin C, Moser J, Eichler C, Wallraff A, Isacsson A, Bachtold A. Energy-dependent path of dissipation in nanomechanical resonators. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:631-636. [PMID: 28507334 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Energy decay plays a central role in a wide range of phenomena, such as optical emission, nuclear fission, and dissipation in quantum systems. Energy decay is usually described as a system leaking energy irreversibly into an environmental bath. Here, we report on energy decay measurements in nanomechanical systems based on multilayer graphene that cannot be explained by the paradigm of a system directly coupled to a bath. As the energy of a vibrational mode freely decays, the rate of energy decay changes abruptly to a lower value. This finding can be explained by a model where the measured mode hybridizes with other modes of the resonator at high energy. Below a threshold energy, modes are decoupled, resulting in comparatively low decay rates and giant quality factors exceeding 1 million. Our work opens up new possibilities to manipulate vibrational states, engineer hybrid states with mechanical modes at completely different frequencies, and to study the collective motion of this highly tunable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Güttinger
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Adrien Noury
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Peter Weber
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Axel Martin Eriksson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Camille Lagoin
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Joel Moser
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | | | - Andreas Isacsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Adrian Bachtold
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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24
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Ockeloen-Korppi CF, Damskägg E, Pirkkalainen JM, Heikkilä TT, Massel F, Sillanpää MA. Noiseless Quantum Measurement and Squeezing of Microwave Fields Utilizing Mechanical Vibrations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:103601. [PMID: 28339232 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A process which strongly amplifies both quadrature amplitudes of an oscillatory signal necessarily adds noise. Alternatively, if the information in one quadrature is lost in phase-sensitive amplification, it is possible to completely reconstruct the other quadrature. Here we demonstrate such a nearly perfect phase-sensitive measurement using a cavity optomechanical scheme, characterized by an extremely small noise less than 0.2 quanta. The device also strongly squeezes microwave radiation by 8 dB below vacuum. A source of bright squeezed microwaves opens up applications in manipulations of quantum systems, and noiseless amplification can be used even at modest cryogenic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Ockeloen-Korppi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - E Damskägg
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - J-M Pirkkalainen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - T T Heikkilä
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL) FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - F Massel
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL) FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M A Sillanpää
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
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25
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Eichler C, Sigillito AJ, Lyon SA, Petta JR. Electron Spin Resonance at the Level of 10^{4} Spins Using Low Impedance Superconducting Resonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:037701. [PMID: 28157376 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.037701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on electron spin resonance measurements of phosphorus donors localized in a 200 μm^{2} area below the inductive wire of a lumped element superconducting resonator. By combining quantum limited parametric amplification with a low impedance microwave resonator design, we are able to detect around 2×10^{4} spins with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1 in a single shot. The 150 Hz coupling strength between the resonator field and individual spins is significantly larger than the 1-10 Hz coupling rates obtained with typical coplanar waveguide resonator designs. Because of the larger coupling rate, we find that spin relaxation is dominated by radiative decay into the resonator and dependent upon the spin-resonator detuning, as predicted by Purcell.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eichler
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A J Sigillito
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S A Lyon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J R Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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26
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Noh C, Angelakis DG. Quantum simulations and many-body physics with light. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:016401. [PMID: 27811404 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/016401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the works in the area of quantum simulation and many-body physics with light, from the early proposals on equilibrium models to the more recent works in driven dissipative platforms. We start by describing the founding works on Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model and the corresponding photon-blockade induced Mott transitions and continue by discussing the proposals to simulate effective spin models and fractional quantum Hall states in coupled resonator arrays (CRAs). We also analyse the recent efforts to study out-of-equilibrium many-body effects using driven CRAs, including the predictions for photon fermionisation and crystallisation in driven rings of CRAs as well as other dynamical and transient phenomena. We try to summarise some of the relatively recent results predicting exotic phases such as super-solidity and Majorana like modes and then shift our attention to developments involving 1D nonlinear slow light setups. There the simulation of strongly correlated phases characterising Tonks-Girardeau gases, Luttinger liquids, and interacting relativistic fermionic models is described. We review the major theory results and also briefly outline recent developments in ongoing experimental efforts involving different platforms in circuit QED, photonic crystals and nanophotonic fibres interfaced with cold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsuk Noh
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore. Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 85 Hoegiro, Seoul 02455, Korea
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27
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Leuch A, Papariello L, Zilberberg O, Degen CL, Chitra R, Eichler A. Parametric Symmetry Breaking in a Nonlinear Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:214101. [PMID: 27911547 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.214101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Much of the physical world around us can be described in terms of harmonic oscillators in thermodynamic equilibrium. At the same time, the far-from-equilibrium behavior of oscillators is important in many aspects of modern physics. Here, we investigate a resonating system subject to a fundamental interplay between intrinsic nonlinearities and a combination of several driving forces. We have constructed a controllable and robust realization of such a system using a macroscopic doubly clamped string. We experimentally observe a hitherto unseen double hysteresis in both the amplitude and the phase of the resonator's response function and present a theoretical model that is in excellent agreement with the experiment. Our work unveils that the double hysteresis is a manifestation of an out-of-equilibrium symmetry breaking between parametric phase states. Such a fundamental phenomenon, in the most ubiquitous building block of nature, paves the way for the investigation of new dynamical phases of matter in parametrically driven many-body systems and motivates applications ranging from ultrasensitive force detection to low-energy computing memory units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Leuch
- Institute for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Papariello
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oded Zilberberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian L Degen
- Institute for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Chitra
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Eichler
- Institute for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Rajasekaran S, Casandruc E, Laplace Y, Nicoletti D, Gu GD, Clark SR, Jaksch D, Cavalleri A. Parametric Amplification of a Superconducting Plasma Wave. NATURE PHYSICS 2016; 12:1012-1016. [PMID: 27833647 PMCID: PMC5098603 DOI: 10.1038/nphys3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many applications in photonics require all-optical manipulation of plasma waves1, which can concentrate electromagnetic energy on sub-wavelength length scales. This is difficult in metallic plasmas because of their small optical nonlinearities. Some layered superconductors support Josephson plasma waves (JPWs)2,3, involving oscillatory tunneling of the superfluid between capacitively coupled planes. Josephson plasma waves are also highly nonlinear4, and exhibit striking phenomena like cooperative emission of coherent terahertz radiation5,6, superconductor-metal oscillations7 and soliton formation8. We show here that terahertz JPWs can be parametrically amplified through the cubic tunneling nonlinearity in a cuprate superconductor. Parametric amplification is sensitive to the relative phase between pump and seed waves and may be optimized to achieve squeezing of the order parameter phase fluctuations9 or single terahertz-photon devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajasekaran
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E. Casandruc
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y. Laplace
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Nicoletti
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. D. Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - S. R. Clark
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D. Jaksch
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - A. Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
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29
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Jerger M, Reshitnyk Y, Oppliger M, Potočnik A, Mondal M, Wallraff A, Goodenough K, Wehner S, Juliusson K, Langford NK, Fedorov A. Contextuality without nonlocality in a superconducting quantum system. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12930. [PMID: 27698351 PMCID: PMC5059491 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical realism demands that system properties exist independently of whether they are measured, while noncontextuality demands that the results of measurements do not depend on what other measurements are performed in conjunction with them. The Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem states that noncontextual realism cannot reproduce the measurement statistics of a single three-level quantum system (qutrit). Noncontextual realistic models may thus be tested using a single qutrit without relying on the notion of quantum entanglement in contrast to Bell inequality tests. It is challenging to refute such models experimentally, since imperfections may introduce loopholes that enable a realist interpretation. Here we use a superconducting qutrit with deterministic, binary-outcome readouts to violate a noncontextuality inequality while addressing the detection, individual-existence and compatibility loopholes. This evidence of state-dependent contextuality also demonstrates the fitness of superconducting quantum circuits for fault-tolerant quantum computation in surface-code architectures, currently the most promising route to scalable quantum computing. Tests of the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem aim at showing that the measurement statistics of a single qutrit are incompatible with noncontextual realism. Here, the authors use a superconducting qutrit with deterministic readouts to violate a noncontextuality inequality, ruling out several loopholes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Jerger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yarema Reshitnyk
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Oppliger
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Potočnik
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mintu Mondal
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kenneth Goodenough
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2611 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Wehner
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2611 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kristinn Juliusson
- Quantronics group, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Nathan K Langford
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2611 CJ Delft, The Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arkady Fedorov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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30
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Papariello L, Zilberberg O, Eichler A, Chitra R. Ultrasensitive hysteretic force sensing with parametric nonlinear oscillators. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:022201. [PMID: 27627292 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.022201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We propose a method for linear detection of weak forces using parametrically driven nonlinear resonators. The method is based on a peculiar feature in the response of the resonator to a near resonant periodic external force. This feature stems from a complex interplay among the parametric drive, external force, and nonlinearities. For weak parametric drive, the response exhibits the standard Duffing-like single jump hysteresis. For stronger drive amplitudes, we find a qualitatively new double jump hysteresis which arises from stable solutions generated by the cubic Duffing nonlinearity. The additional jump exists only if the external force is present and the frequency at which it occurs depends linearly on the amplitude of the external force, permitting a straightforward ultrasensitive detection of weak forces. With state-of-the-art nanomechanical resonators, our scheme should permit force detection in the attonewton range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R Chitra
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Coherence and multimode correlations from vacuum fluctuations in a microwave superconducting cavity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12548. [PMID: 27562246 PMCID: PMC5007450 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of vacuum fluctuations is one of the most important predictions of modern quantum field theory. In the vacuum state, fluctuations occurring at different frequencies are uncorrelated. However, if a parameter in the Lagrangian of the field is modulated by an external pump, vacuum fluctuations stimulate spontaneous downconversion processes, creating squeezing between modes symmetric with respect to half of the frequency of the pump. Here we show that by double parametric pumping of a superconducting microwave cavity, it is possible to generate another type of correlation, namely coherence between photons in separate frequency modes. The coherence correlations are tunable by the phases of the pumps and are established by a quantum fluctuation that stimulates the simultaneous creation of two photon pairs. Our analysis indicates that the origin of this vacuum-induced coherence is the absence of which-way information in the frequency space. Vacuum fluctuations can produce observable phenomena which can potentially be harnessed, for example using the dynamical Casimir effect. Here, the authors show that, on the basis of the same effect, it is possible to establish distinct two-mode coherence correlations in a pumped microwave cavity owing to absence of which-way information.
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Fedorov KG, Zhong L, Pogorzalek S, Eder P, Fischer M, Goetz J, Xie E, Wulschner F, Inomata K, Yamamoto T, Nakamura Y, Di Candia R, Las Heras U, Sanz M, Solano E, Menzel EP, Deppe F, Marx A, Gross R. Displacement of Propagating Squeezed Microwave States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:020502. [PMID: 27447495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Displacement of propagating quantum states of light is a fundamental operation for quantum communication. It enables fundamental studies on macroscopic quantum coherence and plays an important role in quantum teleportation protocols with continuous variables. In our experiments, we have successfully implemented this operation for propagating squeezed microwave states. We demonstrate that, even for strong displacement amplitudes, there is no degradation of the squeezing level in the reconstructed quantum states. Furthermore, we confirm that path entanglement generated by using displaced squeezed states remains constant over a wide range of the displacement power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill G Fedorov
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Zhong
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - S Pogorzalek
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Eder
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - M Fischer
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Goetz
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E Xie
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - F Wulschner
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Inomata
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- NEC IoT Device Research Laboratories, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8501, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - R Di Candia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - U Las Heras
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Solano
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - E P Menzel
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Deppe
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - A Marx
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Gross
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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33
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Puri S, Blais A. High-Fidelity Resonator-Induced Phase Gate with Single-Mode Squeezing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:180501. [PMID: 27203311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.180501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose to increase the fidelity of two-qubit resonator-induced phase gates in circuit QED by the use of narrow-band single-mode squeezing. We show that there exists an optimal squeezing angle and strength that erases qubit "which-path" information leaking out of the cavity and thereby minimizes qubit dephasing during these gates. Our analytical results for the gate fidelity are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations of a cascaded master equation that takes into account the dynamics of the source of squeezed radiation. With realistic parameters, we find that it is possible to realize a controlled-phase gate with a gate time of 200 ns and average infidelity of 10^{-5}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Puri
- Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada
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34
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Schiró M, Joshi C, Bordyuh M, Fazio R, Keeling J, Türeci HE. Exotic Attractors of the Nonequilibrium Rabi-Hubbard Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:143603. [PMID: 27104710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.143603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We explore the phase diagram of the dissipative Rabi-Hubbard model, as could be realized by a Raman-pumping scheme applied to a coupled cavity array. There exist various exotic attractors, including ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, and incommensurate fixed points, as well as regions of persistent oscillations. Many of these features can be understood analytically by truncating to the two lowest lying states of the Rabi model on each site. We also show that these features survive beyond mean field, using matrix product operator simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schiró
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - M Bordyuh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Fazio
- ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Keeling
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - H E Türeci
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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35
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Measurement noise 100 times lower than the quantum-projection limit using entangled atoms. Nature 2016; 529:505-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature16176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Biondi M, van Nieuwenburg EPL, Blatter G, Huber SD, Schmidt S. Incompressible Polaritons in a Flat Band. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:143601. [PMID: 26551811 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the interplay of geometric frustration and interactions in a nonequilibrium photonic lattice system exhibiting a polariton flat band as described by a variant of the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model. We show how to engineer strong photonic correlations in such a driven, dissipative system by quenching the kinetic energy through frustration. This produces an incompressible state of photons characterized by short-ranged crystalline order with period doubling. The latter manifests itself in strong spatial correlations, i.e., on-site and nearest-neighbor antibunching combined with extended density-wave oscillations at larger distances. We propose a state-of-the-art circuit QED realization of our system, which is tunable in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Biondi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gianni Blatter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian D Huber
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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37
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Macklin C, O'Brien K, Hover D, Schwartz ME, Bolkhovsky V, Zhang X, Oliver WD, Siddiqi I. A near-quantum-limited Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier. Science 2015; 350:307-10. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa8525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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38
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Didier N, Kamal A, Oliver WD, Blais A, Clerk AA. Heisenberg-Limited Qubit Read-Out with Two-Mode Squeezed Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:093604. [PMID: 26371653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.093604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show how to use two-mode squeezed light to exponentially enhance cavity-based dispersive qubit measurement. Our scheme enables true Heisenberg-limited scaling of the measurement, and crucially, it is not restricted to small dispersive couplings or unrealistically long measurement times. It involves coupling a qubit dispersively to two cavities and making use of a symmetry in the dynamics of joint cavity quadratures (a so-called quantum-mechanics-free subsystem). We discuss the basic scaling of the scheme and its robustness against imperfections, as well as a realistic implementation in circuit quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Didier
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
- Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Archana Kamal
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - William D Oliver
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Départment de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Aashish A Clerk
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
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39
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Stockklauser A, Maisi VF, Basset J, Cujia K, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Ihn T, Wallraff A, Ensslin K. Microwave Emission from Hybridized States in a Semiconductor Charge Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:046802. [PMID: 26252704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.046802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We explore the microwave radiation emitted from a biased double quantum dot due to the inelastic tunneling of single charges. Radiation is detected over a broad range of detuning configurations between the dot energy levels, with pronounced maxima occurring in resonance with a capacitively coupled transmission line resonator. The power emitted for forward and reverse resonant detuning is found to be in good agreement with a rate equation model, which considers the hybridization of the individual dot charge states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stockklauser
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V F Maisi
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Basset
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Cujia
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Reichl
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W Wegscheider
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Ihn
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Wallraff
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Ensslin
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Barzanjeh S, Guha S, Weedbrook C, Vitali D, Shapiro JH, Pirandola S. Microwave quantum illumination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:080503. [PMID: 25768743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.080503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantum illumination is a quantum-optical sensing technique in which an entangled source is exploited to improve the detection of a low-reflectivity object that is immersed in a bright thermal background. Here, we describe and analyze a system for applying this technique at microwave frequencies, a more appropriate spectral region for target detection than the optical, due to the naturally occurring bright thermal background in the microwave regime. We use an electro-optomechanical converter to entangle microwave signal and optical idler fields, with the former being sent to probe the target region and the latter being retained at the source. The microwave radiation collected from the target region is then phase conjugated and upconverted into an optical field that is combined with the retained idler in a joint-detection quantum measurement. The error probability of this microwave quantum-illumination system, or quantum radar, is shown to be superior to that of any classical microwave radar of equal transmitted energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Barzanjeh
- Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Saikat Guha
- Quantum Information Processing Group, Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - David Vitali
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Jeffrey H Shapiro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Stefano Pirandola
- Department of Computer Science and York Centre for Quantum Technologies, University of York, York YO10 5GH, United Kingdom
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