1
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Bhattacharyya A, Sen K, Sen U. Noncompletely Positive Quantum Maps Enable Efficient Local Energy Extraction in Batteries. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:240401. [PMID: 38949348 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.240401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Energy extraction from quantum batteries by means of completely positive trace-preserving (CPTP) maps leads to the concept of CPTP-local passive states, which identify bipartite states from which no energy can be squeezed out by applying any CPTP map to a particular subsystem. We prove, for arbitrary dimension, that if a state is CPTP-local passive with respect to a Hamiltonian, then an arbitrary number of copies of the same state-including an asymptotically large one-is also CPTP-local passive. We show further that energy can be extracted efficiently from CPTP-local passive states employing noncompletely positive trace-preserving (NCPTP) but still physically realizable maps on the same part of the shared battery on which operation of CPTP maps were useless. Moreover, we provide the maximum extractable energy using local-CPTP operations, and then, we present an explicit class of states and corresponding Hamiltonians, for which the maximum can be outperformed using physical local NCPTP maps. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition and a separate necessary condition for an arbitrary bipartite state to be unable to supply any energy using NCPTP operations on one party with respect to an arbitrary but fixed Hamiltonian. We build an analogy between the relative status of CPTP and NCPTP operations for energy extraction in quantum batteries, and the association of distillable entanglement with entanglement cost for asymptotic local manipulations of entanglement. The surpassing of the maximum energy extractable by NCPTP maps for CPTP-passive as well as for CPTP-nonpassive battery states can act as detectors of non-CPTPness of quantum maps.
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2
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Turkeshi X, Sierant P. Hilbert Space Delocalization under Random Unitary Circuits. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:471. [PMID: 38920480 PMCID: PMC11203098 DOI: 10.3390/e26060471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The unitary dynamics of a quantum system initialized in a selected basis state yield, generically, a state that is a superposition of all the basis states. This process, associated with the quantum information scrambling and intimately tied to the resource theory of coherence, may be viewed as a gradual delocalization of the system's state in the Hilbert space. This work analyzes the Hilbert space delocalization under the dynamics of random quantum circuits, which serve as a minimal model of the chaotic dynamics of quantum many-body systems. We employ analytical methods based on the replica trick and Weingarten calculus to investigate the time evolution of the participation entropies which quantify the Hilbert space delocalization. We demonstrate that the participation entropies approach, up to a fixed accuracy, their long-time saturation value in times that scale logarithmically with the system size. Exact numerical simulations and tensor network techniques corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhek Turkeshi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77a, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Piotr Sierant
- ICFO—Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain;
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3
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Hidki A, Peng JX, Singh SK, Khalid M, Asjad M. Entanglement and quantum coherence of two YIG spheres in a hybrid Laguerre-Gaussian cavity optomechanics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11204. [PMID: 38755238 PMCID: PMC11099069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate continuous variable entanglement and macroscopic quantum coherence in the hybrid L-G rotational cavity optomechanical system containing two YIG spheres. In this system, a single L-G cavity mode and both magnon modes (which are due to the collective excitation of spins in two YIG spheres) are coupled through the magnetic dipole interaction whereas the L-G cavity mode can also exchange orbital angular momentum (OAM) with the rotating mirror (RM). We study in detail the effects of various physical parameters like cavity and both magnon detunings, environment temperature, optorotational and magnon coupling strengths on the bipartite entanglement and the macroscopic quantum coherence as well. We also explore parameter regimes to achieve maximum values for both of these quantum correlations. We also observed that the parameters regime for achieving maximum bipartite entanglement is completely different from macroscopic quantum coherence. So, our present study shall provide a method to control various nonclassical quantum correlations of macroscopic objects in the hybrid L-G rotational cavity optomechanical system and have potential applications in quantum sensing, quantum meteorology, and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Hidki
- LPTHE, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Jia-Xin Peng
- School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - S K Singh
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment (RISE), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - M Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - M Asjad
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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4
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Shiraishi N, Takagi R. Arbitrary Amplification of Quantum Coherence in Asymptotic and Catalytic Transformation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:180202. [PMID: 38759178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.180202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Quantum coherence is one of the fundamental aspects distinguishing classical and quantum theories. Coherence between different energy eigenstates is particularly important, as it serves as a valuable resource under the law of energy conservation. A fundamental question in this setting is how well one can prepare good coherent states from low coherent states and whether a given coherent state is convertible to another one. Here, we show that any low coherent state is convertible to any high coherent state arbitrarily well in two operational settings: asymptotic and catalytic transformations. For a variant of asymptotic coherence manipulation where one aims to prepare desired states in local subsystems, the rate of transformation becomes unbounded regardless of how weak the initial coherence is. In a non-asymptotic transformation with a catalyst, a helper state that locally remains in the original form after the transformation, we show that an arbitrary state can be obtained from any low coherent state. Applying this to the standard asymptotic setting, we find that a catalyst can increase the coherence distillation rate significantly-from zero to infinite rate. We also prove that such anomalous transformation requires small but nonzero coherence in relevant modes, establishing the condition under which a sharp transition of the operational capability occurs. Our results provide a general characterization of the coherence transformability in these operational settings and showcase their peculiar properties compared to other common resource theories such as entanglement and quantum thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shiraishi
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takagi
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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5
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Liu L, Fang XX, Zhang QX, Yuan X, Lu H. Experimental Virtual Distillation of Entanglement and Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:180201. [PMID: 38759173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.180201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Noise is, in general, inevitable and detrimental to practical and useful quantum communication and computation. Under the resource theory framework, resource distillation serves as a generic tool to overcome the effect of noise. Yet, conventional resource distillation protocols generally require operations on multiple copies of resource states, and strong limitations exist that restrict their practical utilities. Recently, by relaxing the setting of resource distillation to only approximating the measurement statistics instead of the quantum state, a resource-frugal protocol, "virtual resource distillation," is proposed, which allows more effective distillation of noisy resources. Here, we report its experimental implementation on a photonic quantum system for the distillation of quantum coherence (up to dimension four) and bipartite entanglement. We show the virtual distillation of the maximal superposed state of dimension four from the state of dimension two, an impossible task in conventional coherence distillation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the virtual distillation of entanglement with operations acting only on a single copy of the noisy Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair and showcase the quantum teleportation task using the virtually distilled EPR pair with a significantly improved fidelity of the teleported state. These results illustrate the feasibility of the virtual resource distillation method and pave the way for accurate manipulation of quantum resources with noisy quantum hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies, School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qian-Xi Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies, School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - He Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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6
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Wu W, Scholes GD. Foundations of Quantum Information for Physical Chemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4056-4069. [PMID: 38587240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Quantum information, a field in which great advances have been made in the past decades, now presents opportunities for advanced chemistry. One roadblock to progress, especially for experimental chemical science, is that new concepts and technical definitions need to be learned. In this paper, we review some basic, but sometimes misunderstood, concepts of quantum information based on the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics that will be useful for chemists interested in discovering ways that chemistry can contribute to the quantum information field. We cover topics including qubits and their density matrix formalism, quantum measurement as a quantum operation, information theory, and entanglement. We focus on the difference between the concepts in the quantum context and the classic context. We also discuss the relation and distinction among entanglement, correlation, and coherence. We aim to clarify the rigorous definition of these concepts and then indicate some examples in physical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Khastehdel Fumani F, Mahdavifar S, Afrousheh K. Entangled unique coherent line in the ground-state phase diagram of the spin-1/2 XX chain model with three-spin interaction. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044142. [PMID: 38755842 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Entangled spin coherent states are a type of quantum states that involve two or more spin systems that are correlated in a nonclassical way. These states can improve metrology and information processing, as they can surpass the standard quantum limit, which is the ultimate bound for precision measurements using coherent states. However, finding entangled coherent states in physical systems is challenging because they require precise control and manipulation of the interactions between the modes. In this work we show that entangled unique coherent states can be found in the ground state of the spin-1/2 XX chain model with three-spin interaction, which is an exactly solvable model in quantum magnetism. We use the spin squeezing parameter, the l_{1}-norm of coherence, and the entanglement entropy as tools to detect and characterize these unique coherent states. We find that these unique coherent states exist in a gapless spin liquid phase, where they form a line that separates two regions with different degrees of squeezing. We call this line the entangled unique coherent line, as it corresponds to the almost maximum entanglement between two halves of the system. We also study the critical scaling of the spin squeezing parameter and the entanglement entropy versus the system size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khastehdel Fumani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Langarud Branch, Islamic Azad University, 4471311127 Langarud, Iran
| | - S Mahdavifar
- Department of Physics, University of Guilan, 41335-1914 Rasht, Iran
| | - K Afrousheh
- Department of Physics, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Safat, Kuwait
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8
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Mahalli NF, Pusuluk O. What is Quantum in probabilistic explanations of the sure-thing principle violation? Biosystems 2024; 238:105180. [PMID: 38467237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The Prisoner's Dilemma game (PDG) is one of the simple test-beds for the probabilistic nature of the human decision-making process. Behavioral experiments have been conducted on this game for decades and show a violation of the so-called sure-thing principle, a key principle in the rational theory of decision. Quantum probabilistic models can explain this violation as a second-order interference effect, which cannot be accounted for by classical probability theory. Here, we adopt the framework of generalized probabilistic theories and approach this explanation from the viewpoint of quantum information theory to identify the source of the interference. In particular, we reformulate one of the existing quantum probabilistic models using density matrix formalism and consider different amounts of classical and quantum uncertainties for one player's prediction about another player's action in PDG. This enables us to demonstrate that what makes possible the explanation of the violation is the presence of quantum coherence in the player's initial prediction and its conversion to probabilities during the dynamics. Moreover, we discuss the role of other quantum information-theoretical quantities, such as quantum entanglement, in the decision-making process. Finally, we propose a three-choice extension of the PDG to compare the predictive powers of quantum probability theory and a more general probabilistic theory that includes it as a particular case and exhibits third-order interference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Pusuluk
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Türkiye; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, 34083, Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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9
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Pant R, Verma PK, Rangi C, Mondal E, Bhati M, Srinivasan V, Wüster S. Universal Measure for the Impact of Adiabaticity on Quantum Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:126903. [PMID: 38579224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.126903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Adiabaticity is crucial for our understanding of complex quantum dynamics and thus for advancing fundamental physics and technology, but its impact cannot yet be quantified in complex but common cases where dynamics is only partially adiabatic, several eigenstates are simultaneously populated and transitions between noneigenstates are of key interest. We construct a universally applicable measure that can quantify the adiabaticity of quantum transitions in an arbitrary basis. Our measure distinguishes transitions that occur due to the adiabatic change of populated system eigenstates from transitions that occur due to beating between several eigenstates and can handle nonadiabatic events. While all quantum dynamics fall within the scope of the measure, we demonstrate its usage and utility through two important material science problems-energy and charge transfer-where adiabaticity could be effected by nuclear motion and its quantification will aid not only in unraveling mechanisms but also in system design, for example, of light harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pant
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - P K Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - C Rangi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - E Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - M Bhati
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - V Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - S Wüster
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
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10
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Aiache Y, El Anouz K, Metwally N, El Allati A. Dynamics of quantum coherence and nonlocality of a two-spin system in the chemical compass. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:034101. [PMID: 38632796 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.034101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In this paper a system consisting of two electron spins has been prepared initially in a singlet state using the chemical compass model is considered. It is assumed that each electron spin interacts symmetrically and/or asymmetrically with its respective private nuclear environment in the presence of an external magnetic field. We discussed the effect of the interaction parameters and the external magnetic field on some quantifiers of quantum correlations as entanglement, coherence, Bell inequality, as well as the steerability inequality. It is shown that within a certain range of external magnetic fields, the quantum coherence and entanglement behave similarly. The Bell and the steerable inequalities predicted a similar behavior for symmetric and asymmetric interactions. Moreover, as one increases the external magnetic field, the lower bounds of both inequalities have improved. The usefulness of using the spin state as quantum channel to teleport a two-qubit system has examined where the Bell inequality could be above its classical bounds by controlling the interaction parameters. It is shown that by tuning the coupling parameters the fidelity of the teleported state exceeds the classical bounds, as well as the long-lived stationary fidelity could be achieved during the interaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aiache
- Laboratory of R&D in Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Al-Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, BP 34. Ajdir 32003, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - K El Anouz
- Laboratory of R&D in Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Al-Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, BP 34. Ajdir 32003, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - N Metwally
- Mathematics Department College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, PO Box 320038, Bahrain
- Department of Mathematics, Aswan University, Aswan, Sahari 81528, Egypt
| | - A El Allati
- Laboratory of R&D in Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Al-Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, BP 34. Ajdir 32003, Tetouan, Morocco
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Yuan X, Regula B, Takagi R, Gu M. Virtual Quantum Resource Distillation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:050203. [PMID: 38364147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.050203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Distillation, or purification, is central to the practical use of quantum resources in noisy settings often encountered in quantum communication and computation. Conventionally, distillation requires using some restricted "free" operations to convert a noisy state into one that approximates a desired pure state. Here, we propose to relax this setting by only requiring the approximation of the measurement statistics of a target pure state, which allows for additional classical postprocessing of the measurement outcomes. We show that this extended scenario, which we call "virtual resource distillation," provides considerable advantages over standard notions of distillation, allowing for the purification of noisy states from which no resources can be distilled conventionally. We show that general states can be virtually distilled with a cost (measurement overhead) that is inversely proportional to the amount of existing resource, and we develop methods to efficiently estimate such cost via convex and semidefinite programming, giving several computable bounds. We consider applications to coherence, entanglement, and magic distillation, and an explicit example in quantum teleportation (distributed quantum computing). This work opens a new avenue for investigating generalized ways to manipulate quantum resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yuan
- Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bartosz Regula
- Mathematical Quantum Information RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) and RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takagi
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mile Gu
- Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore
- CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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12
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Mohammadi A, Shafiee A. Quantum non-Markovianity, quantum coherence and extractable work in a general quantum process. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3990-3999. [PMID: 38224013 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04528e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A key concept in quantum thermodynamics is extractable work, which specifies the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a quantum system. Different quantities are used to measure extractable work, the most prevalent of which are ergotropy and the difference between the non-equilibrium and equilibrium quantum free energies. Using the latter, we investigate the evolution of extractable work when an open quantum system undergoes a general quantum process described by a completely-positive and trace-preserving dynamical map. We derive a fundamental equation of thermodynamics for such processes as a relation between the distinct sorts of energy change in such a way that the first and the second law of thermodynamics are combined. We then identify the contributions from the reversible and irreversible processes in this equation and demonstrate that they are respectively responsible for the evolution of heat and extractable work of the open quantum system. Furthermore, we show how this correspondence between irreversibility and extractable work has the potential to provide a clear explanation of how the quantum properties of a system affect its extractable work evolution. Specifically, we establish this by directly connecting the change in extractable work with the change in standard quantifiers of quantum non-Markovianity and quantum coherence during a general quantum process. We illustrate these results with two examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadi
- Research Group on Foundations of Quantum Theory and Information, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Shafiee
- Research Group on Foundations of Quantum Theory and Information, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Céleri LC, Rudnicki Ł. Gauge-Invariant Quantum Thermodynamics: Consequences for the First Law. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:111. [PMID: 38392366 PMCID: PMC10888098 DOI: 10.3390/e26020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The universality of classical thermodynamics rests on the central limit theorem, due to which, measurements of thermal fluctuations are unable to reveal detailed information regarding the microscopic structure of a macroscopic body. When small systems are considered and fluctuations become important, thermodynamic quantities can be understood in the context of classical stochastic mechanics. A fundamental assumption behind thermodynamics is therefore that of coarse graining, which stems from a substantial lack of control over all degrees of freedom. However, when quantum systems are concerned, one claims a high level of control. As a consequence, information theory plays a major role in the identification of thermodynamic functions. Here, drawing from the concept of gauge symmetry-essential in all modern physical theories-we put forward a new possible intermediate route. Working within the realm of quantum thermodynamics, we explicitly construct physically motivated gauge transformations which encode a gentle variant of coarse graining behind thermodynamics. As a first application of this new framework, we reinterpret quantum work and heat, as well as the role of quantum coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Céleri
- QPequi Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Łukasz Rudnicki
- International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies (ICTQT), University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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14
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Salazar DSP. Quantum relative entropy uncertainty relation. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L012103. [PMID: 38366413 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l012103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
For classic systems, the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) states that the fluctuations of a current have a lower bound in terms of the entropy production. Some TURs are rooted in information theory, particularly derived from relations between observations (mean and variance) and dissimilarities, such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which plays the role of entropy production in stochastic thermodynamics. We generalize this idea for quantum systems, where we find a lower bound for the uncertainty of quantum observables given in terms of the quantum relative entropy. We apply the result to obtain a quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation in terms of the quantum entropy production, valid for arbitrary dynamics and nonthermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos S P Salazar
- Unidade de Educação a Distância e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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15
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Dakir Y, Slaoui A, Mohamed ABA, Laamara RA, Eleuch H. Quantum teleportation and dynamics of quantum coherence and metrological non-classical correlations for open two-qubit systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20526. [PMID: 37993497 PMCID: PMC10665350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of non-classical correlations and quantum coherence in open quantum systems by employing metrics like local quantum Fisher information, local quantum uncertainty, and quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence. Our focus here is on a system of two qubits in two distinct physical situations: the first one when the two qubits are coupled to a cavity field whether the system is closed or open, while the second consists of two qubits immersed in dephasing reservoirs. Our study places significant emphasis on how the evolution of these quantum criterion is influenced by the initial state's purity (whether pure or mixed) and the nature of the environment (whether Markovian or non-Markovian). We observe that a decrease in the initial state's purity corresponds to a reduction in both quantum correlations and quantum coherence, whereas higher purity enhances these quantumness. Furthermore, we establish a quantum teleportation strategy based on the two different physical scenarios. In this approach, the resulting state of the two qubits functions as a quantum channel integrated into a quantum teleportation protocol. We also analyze how the purity of the initial state and the Markovian or non-Markovian regimes impact the quantum teleportation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Dakir
- LPHE-Modeling and Simulation, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Slaoui
- LPHE-Modeling and Simulation, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Centre of Physics and Mathematics, CPM, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdel-Baset A Mohamed
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rachid Ahl Laamara
- LPHE-Modeling and Simulation, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Centre of Physics and Mathematics, CPM, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hichem Eleuch
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Arts and Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, 59911, United Arab Emirates
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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16
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Karimi M, Javadi-Abhari A, Simon C, Ghobadi R. The power of one clean qubit in supervised machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19975. [PMID: 37968292 PMCID: PMC10651850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the potential benefits of quantum coherence and quantum discord in the non-universal quantum computing model called deterministic quantum computing with one qubit (DQC1) in supervised machine learning. We show that the DQC1 model can be leveraged to develop an efficient method for estimating complex kernel functions. We demonstrate a simple relationship between coherence consumption and the kernel function, a crucial element in machine learning. The paper presents an implementation of a binary classification problem on IBM hardware using the DQC1 model and analyzes the impact of quantum coherence and hardware noise. The advantage of our proposal lies in its utilization of quantum discord, which is more resilient to noise than entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Karimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ali Javadi-Abhari
- IBM Quantum, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Roohollah Ghobadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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17
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Scholes GD. Large Coherent States Formed from Disordered k-Regular Random Graphs. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1519. [PMID: 37998211 PMCID: PMC10670866 DOI: 10.3390/e25111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The present work is motivated by the need for robust, large-scale coherent states that can play possible roles as quantum resources. A challenge is that large, complex systems tend to be fragile. However, emergent phenomena in classical systems tend to become more robust with scale. Do these classical systems inspire ways to think about robust quantum networks? This question is studied by characterizing the complex quantum states produced by mapping interactions between a set of qubits from structure in graphs. We focus on maps based on k-regular random graphs where many edges were randomly deleted. We ask how many edge deletions can be tolerated. Surprisingly, it was found that the emergent coherent state characteristic of these graphs was robust to a substantial number of edge deletions. The analysis considers the possible role of the expander property of k-regular random graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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18
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Mitra A, Srivastava SCL. Sunburst quantum Ising model under interaction quench: Entanglement and role of initial state coherence. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054114. [PMID: 38115417 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of an isolated bipartite quantum system, the sunburst quantum Ising model, under interaction quench. The prequench limit of this model is two noninteracting integrable systems, namely a transverse Ising chain and finite number of isolated qubits. As a function of interaction strength, the spectral fluctuation property goes from Poisson to Wigner-Dyson statistics. We chose entanglement entropy as a probe to study the approach to thermalization or lack of it in postquench dynamics. In the near-integrable limit, as expected, the linear entropy displays oscillatory behavior, while in the chaotic limit it saturates. Along with the chaotic nature of the time evolution generator, we show the importance of the role played by the coherence of the initial state in deciding the nature of thermalization. We further show that these findings are general by replacing the Ising ring with a disordered XXZ model with disorder strength putting it in the many-body localized phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Mitra
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shashi C L Srivastava
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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19
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Xia W, Zou J, Qiu X, Chen F, Zhu B, Li C, Deng DL, Li X. Configured quantum reservoir computing for multi-task machine learning. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2321-2329. [PMID: 37679257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Amidst the rapid advancements in experimental technology, noise-intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices have become increasingly programmable, offering versatile opportunities to leverage quantum computational advantage. Here we explore the intricate dynamics of programmable NISQ devices for quantum reservoir computing. Using a genetic algorithm to configure the quantum reservoir dynamics, we systematically enhance the learning performance. Remarkably, a single configured quantum reservoir can simultaneously learn multiple tasks, including a synthetic oscillatory network of transcriptional regulators, chaotic motifs in gene regulatory networks, and the fractional-order Chua's circuit. Our configured quantum reservoir computing yields highly precise predictions for these learning tasks, outperforming classical reservoir computing. We also test the configured quantum reservoir computing in foreign exchange (FX) market applications and demonstrate its capability to capture the stochastic evolution of the exchange rates with significantly greater accuracy than classical reservoir computing approaches. Through comparison with classical reservoir computing, we highlight the unique role of quantum coherence in the quantum reservoir, which underpins its exceptional learning performance. Our findings suggest the exciting potential of configured quantum reservoir computing for exploiting the quantum computation power of NISQ devices in developing artificial general intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xingze Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation Laboratory, Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation Holdings PLC, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Chunhe Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences and School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dong-Ling Deng
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, AI Tower, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, AI Tower, Shanghai 200232, China; Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China.
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20
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Datta C, Varun Kondra T, Miller M, Streltsov A. Catalysis of entanglement and other quantum resources. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 86:116002. [PMID: 37733010 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/acfbec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In chemistry, a catalyst is a substance which enables a chemical reaction or increases its rate, while remaining unchanged in the process. Instead of chemical reactions,quantum catalysisenhances our ability to convert quantum states into each other under physical constraints. The nature of the constraints depends on the problem under study and can arise, e.g. from energy preservation. This article reviews the most recent developments in quantum catalysis and gives a historical overview of this research direction. We focus on the catalysis of quantum entanglement and coherence, and also discuss this phenomenon in quantum thermodynamics and general quantum resource theories. We review applications of quantum catalysis and also discuss the recent efforts on universal catalysis, where the quantum state of the catalyst does not depend on the states to be transformed. Catalytic embezzling is also considered, a phenomenon that occurs if the catalyst's state can change in the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Datta
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tulja Varun Kondra
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Miller
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander Streltsov
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Yuan Y, Huang X, Niu Y, Gong S. Optimal Estimation of Quantum Coherence by Bell State Measurement: A Case Study. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1459. [PMID: 37895580 PMCID: PMC10606635 DOI: 10.3390/e25101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum coherence is the most distinguished feature of quantum mechanics. As an important resource, it is widely applied to quantum information technologies, including quantum algorithms, quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and quantum metrology, so it is important to develop tools for efficient estimation of the coherence. Bell state measurement plays an important role in quantum information processing. In particular, it can also, as a two-copy collective measurement, directly measure the quantum coherence of an unknown quantum state in the experiment, and does not need any optimization procedures, feedback, or complex mathematical calculations. In this paper, we analyze the performance of estimating quantum coherence with Bell state measurement for a qubit case from the perspective of semiparametric estimation and single-parameter estimation. The numerical results show that Bell state measurement is the optimal measurement for estimating several frequently-used coherence quantifiers, and it has been demonstrated in the perspective of the quantum limit of semiparametric estimation and Fisher information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueping Niu
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shangqing Gong
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai 200237, China
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22
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Fan Z, Shan Z, Ma H. Partial Recovery of Coherence Loss in Coherence-Assisted Transformation. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1375. [PMID: 37895497 PMCID: PMC10606025 DOI: 10.3390/e25101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Coherence-assisted transformation under incoherent operations is discussed. For transformation from the pure state to the mixed state, we show that the coherence loss can be partially recovered by adding auxiliary coherent states. First, we discuss the coherence-assisted transformation for qubit states and give the sufficient and necessary condition for the partial recovery of coherence loss, and the maximum of the recovery of coherence loss is also studied in this case. Second, the maximally coherent state can be obtained in the above recovery scheme, so we give the full characterization of obtaining the maximally coherent state in a qubit system. Finally, we show that the coherence-assisted transformation for arbitrary finite-dimensional main coherent states and low-dimensional auxiliary coherent states is always possible, and the coherence loss also can be partially recovered in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haitao Ma
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; (Z.F.); (Z.S.)
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23
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Kolchinsky A. Generalized Zurek's bound on the cost of an individual classical or quantum computation. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034101. [PMID: 37849139 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We consider the minimal thermodynamic cost of an individual computation, where a single input x is mapped to a single output y. In prior work, Zurek proposed that this cost was given by K(x|y), the conditional Kolmogorov complexity of x given y (up to an additive constant that does not depend on x or y). However, this result was derived from an informal argument, applied only to deterministic computations, and had an arbitrary dependence on the choice of protocol (via the additive constant). Here we use stochastic thermodynamics to derive a generalized version of Zurek's bound from a rigorous Hamiltonian formulation. Our bound applies to all quantum and classical processes, whether noisy or deterministic, and it explicitly captures the dependence on the protocol. We show that K(x|y) is a minimal cost of mapping x to y that must be paid using some combination of heat, noise, and protocol complexity, implying a trade-off between these three resources. Our result is a kind of "algorithmic fluctuation theorem" with implications for the relationship between the second law and the Physical Church-Turing thesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemy Kolchinsky
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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24
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Erdman PA, Noé F. Model-free optimization of power/efficiency tradeoffs in quantum thermal machines using reinforcement learning. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad248. [PMID: 37593201 PMCID: PMC10427747 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A quantum thermal machine is an open quantum system that enables the conversion between heat and work at the micro or nano-scale. Optimally controlling such out-of-equilibrium systems is a crucial yet challenging task with applications to quantum technologies and devices. We introduce a general model-free framework based on reinforcement learning to identify out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic cycles that are Pareto optimal tradeoffs between power and efficiency for quantum heat engines and refrigerators. The method does not require any knowledge of the quantum thermal machine, nor of the system model, nor of the quantum state. Instead, it only observes the heat fluxes, so it is both applicable to simulations and experimental devices. We test our method on a model of an experimentally realistic refrigerator based on a superconducting qubit, and on a heat engine based on a quantum harmonic oscillator. In both cases, we identify the Pareto-front representing optimal power-efficiency tradeoffs, and the corresponding cycles. Such solutions outperform previous proposals made in the literature, such as optimized Otto cycles, reducing quantum friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Erdman
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Noé
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Microsoft Research AI4Science, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 32, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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25
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Alonso D, Ruiz García A. Single-energy-measurement integral fluctuation theorem and nonprojective measurements. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:024126. [PMID: 37723778 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.024126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We study a Jarzysnki-type equality for work in systems that are monitored using nonprojective unsharp measurements. The information acquired by the observer from the outcome f of an energy measurement and the subsequent conditioned normalized state ρ[over ̂](t,f) evolved up to a final time t are used to define work, as the difference between the final expectation value of the energy and the result f of the measurement. The Jarzynski equality obtained depends on the coherences that the state develops during the process, the characteristics of the meter used to measure the energy, and the noise it induces into the system. We analyze those contributions in some detail to unveil their role. We show that in very particular cases, but not in general, the effect of such noise gives a factor multiplying the result that would be obtained if projective measurements were used instead of nonprojective ones. The unsharp character of the measurements used to monitor the energy of the system, which defines the resolution of the meter, leads to different scenarios of interest. In particular, if the distance between neighboring elements in the energy spectrum is much larger than the resolution of the meter, then a similar result to the projective measurement case is obtained, up to a multiplicative factor that depends on the meter. A more subtle situation arises in the opposite case in which measurements may be noninformative, i.e., they may not contribute to update the information about the system. In this case a correction to the relation obtained in the nonoverlapping case appears. We analyze the conditions in which such a correction becomes negligible. We also study the coherences, in terms of the relative entropy of coherence developed by the evolved post-measurement state. We illustrate the results by analyzing a two-level system monitored by a simple meter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alonso
- Departamento de Física and IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonia Ruiz García
- Departamento de Física and IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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26
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Yang X, Yang YH, Alimuddin M, Salvia R, Fei SM, Zhao LM, Nimmrichter S, Luo MX. Battery Capacity of Energy-Storing Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:030402. [PMID: 37540858 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The quantum battery capacity is introduced in this Letter as a figure of merit that expresses the potential of a quantum system to store and supply energy. It is defined as the difference between the highest and the lowest energy that can be reached by means of the unitary evolution of the system. This function is closely connected to the ergotropy, but it does not depend on the temporary level of energy of the system. The capacity of a quantum battery can be directly linked with the entropy of the battery state, as well as with measures of coherence and entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Computer and Network Security, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yan-Han Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Mir Alimuddin
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700106, India
| | | | - Shao-Ming Fei
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Stefan Nimmrichter
- Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Ming-Xing Luo
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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27
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Delgado F, Enríquez M. Quantum Entanglement and State-Transference in Fenna-Matthews-Olson Complexes: A Post-Experimental Simulation Analysis in the Computational Biology Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10862. [PMID: 37446061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenna-Mathews-Olson complexes participate in the photosynthetic process of Sulfur Green Bacteria. These biological subsystems exhibit quantum features which possibly are responsible for their high efficiency; the latter may comprise multipartite entanglement and the apparent tunnelling of the initial quantum state. At first, to study these aspects, a multidisciplinary approach including experimental biology, spectroscopy, physics, and math modelling is required. Then, a global computer modelling analysis is achieved in the computational biology domain. The current work implements the Hierarchical Equations of Motion to numerically solve the open quantum system problem regarding this complex. The time-evolved states obtained with this method are then analysed under several measures of entanglement, some of them already proposed in the literature. However, for the first time, the maximum overlap with respect to the closest separable state is employed. This authentic multipartite entanglement measure provides information on the correlations, not only based on the system bipartitions as in the usual analysis. Our study has led us to note a different view of FMO multipartite entanglement as tiny contributions to the global entanglement suggested by other more basic measurements. Additionally, in another related trend, the initial state, considered as a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer, is tracked using a novel approach, considering how it could be followed under the fidelity measure on all possible permutations of the FMO subsystems through its dynamical evolution by observing the tunnelling in the most probable locations. Both analyses demanded significant computational work, making for a clear example of the complexity required in computational biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Delgado
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Atizapan 52926, Mexico
| | - Marco Enríquez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Santa Fe 01389, Mexico
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28
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Datta C, Ganardi R, Kondra TV, Streltsov A. Is There a Finite Complete Set of Monotones in Any Quantum Resource Theory? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:240204. [PMID: 37390426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.240204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement quantification aims to assess the value of quantum states for quantum information processing tasks. A closely related problem is state convertibility, asking whether two remote parties can convert a shared quantum state into another one without exchanging quantum particles. Here, we explore this connection for quantum entanglement and for general quantum resource theories. For any quantum resource theory which contains resource-free pure states, we show that there does not exist a finite set of resource monotones which completely determines all state transformations. We discuss how these limitations can be surpassed, if discontinuous or infinite sets of monotones are considered, or by using quantum catalysis. We also discuss the structure of theories which are described by a single resource monotone and show equivalence with totally ordered resource theories. These are theories where a free transformation exists for any pair of quantum states. We show that totally ordered theories allow for free transformations between all pure states. For single-qubit systems, we provide a full characterization of state transformations for any totally ordered resource theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Datta
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ray Ganardi
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tulja Varun Kondra
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander Streltsov
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Liang K, Bi L, Zhu Q, Zhou H, Li S. Ultrafast Dynamics Revealed with Time-Resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: A Review. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:924-938. [PMID: 37260467 PMCID: PMC10227725 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.2c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of performing pump-probe spectroscopy integrates unmatched atomic-scale resolution with high temporal resolution. In recent years, the union of electronic, terahertz, or visible/near-infrared pulses with STM has contributed to our understanding of the atomic-scale processes that happen between milliseconds and attoseconds. This time-resolved STM (TR-STM) technique is evolving into an unparalleled approach for exploring the ultrafast nuclear, electronic, or spin dynamics of molecules, low-dimensional structures, and material surfaces. Here, we review the recent advancements in TR-STM; survey its application in measuring the dynamics of three distinct systems, nucleus, electron, and spin; and report the studies on these transient processes in a series of materials. Besides the discussion on state-of-the-art techniques, we also highlight several emerging research topics about the ultrafast processes in nanoscale objects where we anticipate that the TR-STM can help broaden our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkai Liang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
| | - Liya Bi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
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30
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García-Pintos LP, Brady LT, Bringewatt J, Liu YK. Lower Bounds on Quantum Annealing Times. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:140601. [PMID: 37084448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.140601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The adiabatic theorem provides sufficient conditions for the time needed to prepare a target ground state. While it is possible to prepare a target state much faster with more general quantum annealing protocols, rigorous results beyond the adiabatic regime are rare. Here, we provide such a result, deriving lower bounds on the time needed to successfully perform quantum annealing. The bounds are asymptotically saturated by three toy models where fast annealing schedules are known: the Roland and Cerf unstructured search model, the Hamming spike problem, and the ferromagnetic p-spin model. Our bounds demonstrate that these schedules have optimal scaling. Our results also show that rapid annealing requires coherent superpositions of energy eigenstates, singling out quantum coherence as a computational resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pedro García-Pintos
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Theoretical Division (T4), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Lucas T Brady
- Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
- KBR, 601 Jefferson Street, Houston, Texas 77002, USA
| | - Jacob Bringewatt
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yi-Kai Liu
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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31
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Rahman AU, Abd‐Rabbou MY, Haddadi S, Ali H. Two‐Qubit Steerability, Nonlocality, and Average Steered Coherence under Classical Dephasing Channels. ANNALEN DER PHYSIK 2023; 535. [DOI: 10.1002/andp.202200523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWhen two qubits are prepared in a mixture of two Bell states and exposed to local transmission channels, the dynamics of steerability, Bell nonlocality, and average steered coherence are investigated. Disorders are assumed to influence the channels, resulting in either Markovian Ornstein–Uhlenbeck noise or non‐Markovian static noise in two models: a single noisy channel or two local noisy channels. Their findings show that the type and number of classical channels, noise, and initial state must be in an optimal setting in order to preserve quantum correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta ur Rahman
- School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Science Yuquan Road 19A Beijing 100049 China
| | - M. Y. Abd‐Rabbou
- Mathematics Department Faculty of Science, Al‐Azhar University Nasr City Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Saeed Haddadi
- School of Physics Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) Tehran 19395‐5531 Iran
- Saeed's Quantum Information Group Tehran 19395‐0560 Iran
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Department of Physics Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Havellian KP 22500 Pakistan
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32
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Engelbert NG, Angelo RM. Considerations on the Relativity of Quantum Irrealism. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:e25040603. [PMID: 37190391 PMCID: PMC10137651 DOI: 10.3390/e25040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of quantum resources in the relativistic limit has attracted attention over the last couple of decades, mostly due to the observation that the spin-momentum entanglement is not Lorentz covariant. In this work, we take the investigations of relativistic quantum information a step further, bringing the foundational question of realism to the discussion. In particular, we examine whether Lorentz boosts can affect quantum irrealism-an instance related to the violations imposed by quantum mechanics onto a certain notion of realism. To this end, we adopt as a theoretical platform a model of a relativistic particle traveling through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We then compare the quantum irrealism assessed from two different inertial frames in relative motion. In consonance with recent findings in the context of quantum reference frames, our results suggest that the notion of physical realism is not absolute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Engelbert
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19044, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renato M Angelo
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19044, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil
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33
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Han C, Meir Y, Sela E. Realistic Protocol to Measure Entanglement at Finite Temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:136201. [PMID: 37067316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.136201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
It is desirable to relate entanglement of many-body systems to measurable observables. In systems with a conserved charge, it was recently shown that the number entanglement entropy (NEE)-i.e., the entropy change due to an unselective subsystem charge measurement-is an entanglement monotone. Here we derive finite-temperature equilibrium relations between Rényi moments of the NEE, and multipoint charge correlations. These relations are exemplified in quantum dot systems where the desired charge correlations can be measured via a nearby quantum point contact. In quantum dots recently realizing the multichannel Kondo effect we show that the NEE has a nontrivial universal temperature dependence which is now accessible using the proposed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhee Han
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yigal Meir
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Eran Sela
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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34
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Elghaayda S, Abd-Rabbou M, Mansour M. Quantum interferometric power and Bures distance entanglement versus normalized steered coherence under random telegraph noise. MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A 2023; 38. [DOI: 10.1142/s0217732323500578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of random telegraph noise on non-separability, non-classicality, and steered coherence in a bipartite system initially prepared in a Gisin state and embedded in both Markovian and non-Markovian environments. To quantify non-separability, we employ the Bures distance entanglement measure ([Formula: see text]); for non-classicality detection, we utilize the quantum interferometric power ([Formula: see text]); and to measure steered coherence, we employ the normalized steered coherence ([Formula: see text]). We analyze the dynamics of these three metrics under the effects of the random telegraph noise through various theoretical and numerical techniques. Our findings demonstrate that the amount of quantum correlations in the system is closely tied to the parameters defining the random telegraph noise and the initial system state. Our results also reveal that all three measures exhibit oscillatory behavior in the non-Markovian regime and monotonic changes with time in the Markovian regime. These results provide a deeper understanding of the robustness and stability of non-separability and coherence under noisy conditions and may have implications for the design of noise-resistant quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Elghaayda
- Laboratory of High Energy Physics and Condensed Matter, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Aïn Chock, Hassan II University, P. O. Box 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
| | - M. Y. Abd-Rabbou
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. Mansour
- Laboratory of High Energy Physics and Condensed Matter, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Aïn Chock, Hassan II University, P. O. Box 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
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35
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Bu JT, Zhang JQ, Ding GY, Li JC, Zhang JW, Wang B, Ding WQ, Yuan WF, Chen L, Özdemir ŞK, Zhou F, Jing H, Feng M. Enhancement of Quantum Heat Engine by Encircling a Liouvillian Exceptional Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:110402. [PMID: 37001093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantum heat engines are expected to outperform the classical counterparts due to quantum coherences involved. Here we experimentally execute a single-ion quantum heat engine and demonstrate, for the first time, the dynamics and the enhanced performance of the heat engine originating from the Liouvillian exceptional points (LEPs). In addition to the topological effects related to LEPs, we focus on thermodynamic effects, which can be understood by the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg process under decoherence. We witness a positive net work from the quantum heat engine if the heat engine cycle dynamically encircles a LEP. Further investigation reveals that a larger net work is done when the system is operated closer to the LEP. We attribute the enhanced performance of the quantum heat engine to the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg process, enabled by the eigenenergy landscape in the vicinity of the LEP, and the exceptional point-induced topological transition. Therefore, our results open new possibilities toward LEP-enabled control of quantum heat engines and of thermodynamic processes in open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-T Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - G-Y Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-W Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - B Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W-Q Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W-F Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Ş K Özdemir
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - F Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - H Jing
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - M Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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36
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Lüders C, Pukrop M, Barkhausen F, Rozas E, Schneider C, Höfling S, Sperling J, Schumacher S, Aßmann M. Tracking Quantum Coherence in Polariton Condensates with Time-Resolved Tomography. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:113601. [PMID: 37001069 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Long-term quantum coherence constitutes one of the main challenges when engineering quantum devices. However, easily accessible means to quantify complex decoherence mechanisms are not readily available, nor are sufficiently stable systems. We harness novel phase-space methods-expressed through non-Gaussian convolutions of highly singular Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobabilities-to dynamically monitor quantum coherence in polariton condensates with significantly enhanced coherence times. Via intensity- and time-resolved reconstructions of such phase-space functions from homodyne detection data, we probe the systems' resourcefulness for quantum information processing up to the nanosecond regime. Our experimental findings are confirmed through numerical simulations, for which we develop an approach that renders established algorithms compatible with our methodology. In contrast to commonly applied phase-space functions, our distributions can be directly sampled from measured data, including uncertainties, and yield a simple operational measure of quantum coherence via the distribution's variance in phase. Therefore, we present a broadly applicable framework and a platform to explore time-dependent quantum phenomena and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lüders
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Pukrop
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Franziska Barkhausen
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Elena Rozas
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sperling
- Theoretical Quantum Science, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Marc Aßmann
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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37
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Effects of Dipole-Dipole Interaction and Time-Dependent Coupling on the Evolution of Entanglement and Quantum Coherence for Superconducting Qubits in a Nonlinear Field System. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We examine the temporal comportment of formation entanglement and quantum coherence in a quantum system made up of two superconducting charge qubits (SC-Qs), in the case of two different classes of nonlinear field. The results discussed the impact role of time-dependent coupling (T-DC) and dipole-dipole interaction (D-DI) on the temporal comportment of quantum coherence and entanglement in the ordinary and nonlinear field. In addition, we show that the main parameters of the quantum model affect the entanglement of formation and the coherence of the system in a similar way.
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38
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Rahman AU, Shamirzaie M, Abd-Rabbou M. Bidirectional steering, entanglement and coherence of accelerated qubit–qutrit system with a stochastic noise. OPTIK 2023; 274:170543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2023.170543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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39
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Pulikkottil JJ, Lakshminarayan A, Srivastava SCL, Kieler MFI, Bäcker A, Tomsovic S. Quantum coherence controls the nature of equilibration and thermalization in coupled chaotic systems. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024124. [PMID: 36932552 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A bipartite system whose subsystems are fully quantum chaotic and coupled by a perturbative interaction with a tunable strength is a paradigmatic model for investigating how isolated quantum systems relax toward an equilibrium. It is found that quantum coherence of the initial product states in the energy eigenbasis of the subsystems-quantified by the off-diagonal elements of the subsystem density matrices-can be viewed as a resource for equilibration and thermalization as manifested by the entanglement generated. Results are given for four distinct perturbation strength regimes, the ultraweak, weak, intermediate, and strong regimes. For each, three types of tensor product states are considered for the initial state: uniform superpositions, random superpositions, and individual subsystem eigenstates. A universal timescale is identified involving the interaction strength parameter. In particular, maximally coherent initial product states (a form of uniform superpositions) thermalize under time evolution for any perturbation strength in spite of the fact that in the ultraweak perturbative regime the underlying eigenstates of the system have a tensor product structure and are not at all thermal-like; though the time taken to thermalize tends to infinity as the interaction vanishes. Moreover, it is shown that in the ultraweak regime the initial entanglement growth of the system whose initial states are maximally coherent is quadratic-in-time, in contrast to the widely observed linear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jethin J Pulikkottil
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
| | - Arul Lakshminarayan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shashi C L Srivastava
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - Maximilian F I Kieler
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Dynamics, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arnd Bäcker
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Dynamics, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steven Tomsovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
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40
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Entanglement detection with artificial neural networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1562. [PMID: 36709391 PMCID: PMC9884245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum entanglement is one of the essential resources involved in quantum information processing tasks. However, its detection for usage remains a challenge. The Bell-type inequality for relative entropy of coherence serves as an entanglement witness for pure entangled states. However, it does not perform reliably for mixed entangled states. This paper constructs a classifier by employing the relationship between coherence and entanglement for supervised machine learning methods. This method encodes multiple Bell-type inequalities for the relative entropy of coherence into an artificial neural network to detect the entangled and separable states in a quantum dataset.
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41
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Quantum coherence of a circularly accelerated atom in a spacetime with a reflecting boundary. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12577. [PMID: 35869248 PMCID: PMC9307635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe investigate, in the paradigm of open quantum systems, the dynamics of quantum coherence of a circularly accelerated atom coupled to a bath of vacuum fluctuating massless scalar field in a spacetime with a reflecting boundary. The master equation that governs the system evolution is derived. Our results show that in the case without a boundary, the vacuum fluctuations and centripetal acceleration will always cause the quantum coherence to decrease. However, with the presence of a boundary, the quantum fluctuations of the scalar field are modified, which makes that quantum coherence could be enhanced as compared to that in the case without a boundary. Particularly, when the atom is very close to the boundary, although the atom still interacts with the environment, it behaves as if it were a closed system and quantum coherence can be shielded from the effect of the vacuum fluctuating scalar field.
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42
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Junior ADO, Czartowski J, Życzkowski K, Korzekwa K. Geometric structure of thermal cones. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064109. [PMID: 36671111 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The second law of thermodynamics imposes a fundamental asymmetry in the flow of events. The so-called thermodynamic arrow of time introduces an ordering that divides the system's state space into past, future, and incomparable regions. In this work, we analyze the structure of the resulting thermal cones, i.e., sets of states that a given state can thermodynamically evolve to (the future thermal cone) or evolve from (the past thermal cone). Specifically, for a d-dimensional classical state of a system interacting with a heat bath, we find explicit construction of the past thermal cone and the incomparable region. Moreover, we provide a detailed analysis of their behavior based on thermodynamic monotones given by the volumes of thermal cones. Results obtained apply also to other majorization-based resource theories (such as that of entanglement and coherence), since the partial ordering describing allowed state transformations is then the opposite of the thermodynamic order in the infinite temperature limit. Finally, we also generalize the construction of thermal cones to account for probabilistic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Oliveira Junior
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Czartowski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karol Życzkowski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.,Center for Theoretical Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Korzekwa
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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43
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Tiwari Y, Poonia VS. Role of chiral-induced spin selectivity in the radical pair mechanism of avian magnetoreception. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064409. [PMID: 36671157 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effect of chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) on the radical pair mechanism of avian magnetoreception. We examine the impact of spin selectivity on the avian compass sensitivity. In this analysis, we also consider the dipolar and exchange interactions and observe their interplay with CISS. We find that CISS results in a multifold increase in avian compass sensitivity. Interestingly, we also observe that CISS can counter the deleterious effect of dipolar interaction and increase system sensitivity. The analysis has been performed for the toy model (only one nucleus) and a more general case where we consider up to six nuclei from the cryptochrome radical pair system. We observe that the CISS allows the radical pair model to have more realistic recombination rates with good sensitivity. We also do an analysis of the functional window of the avian compass reported in behavioral experiments in the functional window. We could not find a parameter set where a functional window can be observed along with CISS. We also show the effect of spin relaxation on the system and show that under relaxation, CISS shows increased compass sensitivity compared to no CISS case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Tiwari
- Department of Electronics and Communication, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttrakhand 247667, India
| | - Vishvendra Singh Poonia
- Department of Electronics and Communication, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttrakhand 247667, India
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44
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Smith LD, Chowdhury FT, Peasgood I, Dawkins N, Kattnig DR. Driven Radical Motion Enhances Cryptochrome Magnetoreception: Toward Live Quantum Sensing. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10500-10506. [PMID: 36332112 PMCID: PMC9677492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying magnetoreception has long eluded explanation. A popular hypothesis attributes this sense to the quantum coherent spin dynamics and spin-selective recombination reactions of radical pairs in the protein cryptochrome. However, concerns about the validity of the hypothesis have been raised because unavoidable inter-radical interactions, such as the strong electron-electron dipolar coupling, appear to suppress its sensitivity. We demonstrate that sensitivity can be restored by driving the spin system through a modulation of the inter-radical distance. It is shown that this dynamical process markedly enhances geomagnetic field sensitivity in strongly coupled radical pairs via Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana transitions between singlet and triplet states. These findings suggest that a "live" harmonically driven magnetoreceptor can be more sensitive than its "dead" static counterpart.
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45
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Maroudas‐Sklare N, Kolodny Y, Yochelis S, Keren N, Paltiel Y. Controlling photosynthetic energy conversion by small conformational changes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13802. [PMID: 36259916 PMCID: PMC9828261 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Control phenomena in biology usually refer to changes in gene expression and protein translation and modification. In this paper, another mode of regulation is highlighted; we propose that photosynthetic organisms can harness the interplay between localization and delocalization of energy transfer by utilizing small conformational changes in the structure of light-harvesting complexes. We examine the mechanism of energy transfer in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, first through the scope of theoretical work and then by in vitro studies of these complexes. Next, the biological relevance to evolutionary fitness of this localization-delocalization switch is explored by in vivo experiments on desert crust and marine cyanobacteria, which are both exposed to rapidly changing environmental conditions. These examples demonstrate the flexibility and low energy cost of this mechanism, making it a competitive survival strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Maroudas‐Sklare
- Department of Applied PhysicsHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yuval Kolodny
- Department of Applied PhysicsHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Department of Applied PhysicsHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department of Applied PhysicsHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Suntijitrungruang O, Lakronwat J, Uthailiang T, Pongkitiwanichakul P, Boonchui S. Simulation of the sensing mechanism in quantum dot gas sensor by quantum light harvesting approach. Front Chem 2022; 10:1036197. [PMID: 36324518 PMCID: PMC9618855 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1036197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD) gas sensors are one of the most useful nanotechnologies applied to protect people from unnecessary harm. This work theoretically explores the mechanism in QD gas sensors in order to advance the prudent design of relevant products. The theoretical model employed in this research is similar to the process in plants’ photosynthesis, referred to as charge separation of light harvesting. In this work, we investigate the details of energy transport in QD gas sensors carried by electrons from the circuit. We demonstrate theoretically how the effects of temperature and gas detection affect electron transport. To analyze thoroughly, the potential energy referred to as the Schotthy barrier perturbed by gasses is considered. Moreover, the energy transfer efficiency (ETE) of QD gas sensors for oxidizing or reducing gas is shown in the simulation. The results imply that the electron transport between QDs (raising the current and lessening the current) depends on a parameter corresponding with the Schotthy barrier. In regard to thermal energy portrayed by phonon baths, a higher temperature shortens the time duration of energy transport in QDs, hence raising energy transfer efficiency and energy current. Our model can be applied to further QD gas sensors’ design and manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jidapa Lakronwat
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Uthailiang
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - S. Boonchui
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: S. Boonchui,
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Salazar DSP. Thermodynamic skewness relation from detailed fluctuation theorem. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:L042101. [PMID: 36397555 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.l042101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The detailed fluctuation theorem (DFT) is a statement about the asymmetry in the statistics of the entropy production. Consequences of the DFT are the second law of thermodynamics and the thermodynamics uncertainty relation, which translate into lower bounds for the mean and variance of currents, respectively. However, far from equilibrium, mean and variance are not enough to characterize the underlying distribution of the entropy production. The fluctuations are not necessarily Gaussian (nor symmetric), which means their skewness could be nonzero. We prove that the DFT imposes a negative tight lower bound for the skewness of the entropy production as a function of the mean. As application, we check the bound in the heat exchange problem between two thermal reservoirs mediated by a qubit swap engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos S P Salazar
- Unidade de Educação a Distância e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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48
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Ablimit A, He RH, Xie YY, Wu LA, Wang ZM. Quantum Energy Current Induced Coherence in a Spin Chain under Non-Markovian Environments. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1406. [PMID: 37420426 DOI: 10.3390/e24101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the time-dependent behaviour of the energy current between a quantum spin chain and its surrounding non-Markovian and finite temperature baths, together with its relationship to the coherence dynamics of the system. To be specific, both the system and the baths are assumed to be initially in thermal equilibrium at temperature Ts and Tb, respectively. This model plays a fundamental role in study of quantum system evolution towards thermal equilibrium in an open system. The non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (NMQSD) equation approach is used to calculate the dynamics of the spin chain. The effects of non-Markovianity, temperature difference and system-bath interaction strength on the energy current and the corresponding coherence in cold and warm baths are analyzed, respectively. We show that the strong non-Markovianity, weak system-bath interaction and low temperature difference will help to maintain the system coherence and correspond to a weaker energy current. Interestingly, the warm baths destroy the coherence while the cold baths help to build coherence. Furthermore, the effects of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction and the external magnetic field on the energy current and coherence are analyzed. Both energy current and coherence will change due to the increase of the system energy induced by the DM interaction and magnetic field. Significantly, the minimal coherence corresponds to the critical magnetic field which causes the first order phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arapat Ablimit
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Run-Hong He
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang-Yang Xie
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lian-Ao Wu
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Zhao-Ming Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Surov IA. Quantum core affect. Color-emotion structure of semantic atom. Front Psychol 2022; 13:838029. [PMID: 36248471 PMCID: PMC9554469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychology suffers from the absence of mathematically-formalized primitives. As a result, conceptual and quantitative studies lack an ontological basis that would situate them in the company of natural sciences. The article addresses this problem by describing a minimal psychic structure, expressed in the algebra of quantum theory. The structure is demarcated into categories of emotion and color, renowned as elementary psychological phenomena. This is achieved by means of quantum-theoretic qubit state space, isomorphic to emotion and color experiences both in meaning and math. In particular, colors are mapped to the qubit states through geometric affinity between the HSL-RGB color solids and the Bloch sphere, widely used in physics. The resulting correspondence aligns with the recent model of subjective experience, producing a unified spherical map of emotions and colors. This structure is identified as a semantic atom of natural thinking-a unit of affectively-colored personal meaning, involved in elementary acts of a binary decision. The model contributes to finding a unified ontology of both inert and living Nature, bridging previously disconnected fields of research. In particular, it enables theory-based coordination of emotion, decision, and cybernetic sciences, needed to achieve new levels of practical impact.
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50
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Shi HL, Ding S, Wan QK, Wang XH, Yang WL. Entanglement, Coherence, and Extractable Work in Quantum Batteries. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:130602. [PMID: 36206414 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.130602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the connection between quantum resources and extractable work in quantum batteries. We demonstrate that quantum coherence in the battery or the battery-charger entanglement is a necessary resource for generating nonzero extractable work during the charging process. At the end of the charging process, we also establish a tight link of coherence and entanglement with the final extractable work: coherence naturally promotes the coherent work while coherence and entanglement inhibit the incoherent work. We also show that obtaining maximally coherent work is faster than obtaining maximally incoherent work. Examples ranging from the central-spin battery and the Tavis-Cummings battery to the spin-chain battery are given to illustrate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Shi
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu Ding
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Qing-Kun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an 710127, China
- Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Wen-Li Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an 710127, China
- Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi'an 710127, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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