1
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Flambaum VV, Mansour AJ. Variation of the Quadrupole Hyperfine Structure and Nuclear Radius due to an Interaction with Scalar and Axion Dark Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:113004. [PMID: 37774287 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Atomic spectroscopy is used to search for the space-time variation of fundamental constants which may be due to an interaction with scalar and pseudoscalar (axion) dark matter. In this Letter, we study the effects that are produced by the variation of the nuclear radius and electric quadrupole moment. The sensitivity of the electric quadrupole hyperfine structure to both the variation of the quark mass and the effects of dark matter exceeds that of the magnetic hyperfine structure by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Therefore, the measurement of the variation of the ratio of the electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole hyperfine constants is proposed. The sensitivity of the optical clock transitions in the Yb^{+} ion to the variation of the nuclear radius allows us to extract, from experimental data, limits on the variation of the hadron and quark masses, the QCD parameter θ and the interaction with axion dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - A J Mansour
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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2
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Zhang X, Banerjee A, Leyser M, Perez G, Schiller S, Budker D, Antypas D. Search for Ultralight Dark Matter with Spectroscopy of Radio-Frequency Atomic Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:251002. [PMID: 37418735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.251002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of scalar and pseudoscalar ultralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM) were searched for by comparing the frequency of a quartz oscillator to that of a hyperfine-structure transition in ^{87}Rb, and an electronic transition in ^{164}Dy. We constrain linear interactions between a scalar UBDM field and standard-model (SM) fields for an underlying UBDM particle mass in the range 1×10^{-17}-8.3×10^{-13} eV and quadratic interactions between a pseudoscalar UBDM field and SM fields in the range 5×10^{-18}-4.1×10^{-13} eV. Within regions of the respective ranges, our constraints on linear interactions significantly improve on results from previous, direct searches for oscillations in atomic parameters, while constraints on quadratic interactions surpass limits imposed by such direct searches as well as by astrophysical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Mahapan Leyser
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gilad Perez
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Stephan Schiller
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dionysios Antypas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
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3
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Filzinger M, Dörscher S, Lange R, Klose J, Steinel M, Benkler E, Peik E, Lisdat C, Huntemann N. Improved Limits on the Coupling of Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter to Photons from Optical Atomic Clock Comparisons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:253001. [PMID: 37418745 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
We present improved constraints on the coupling of ultralight bosonic dark matter to photons based on long-term measurements of two optical frequency ratios. In these optical clock comparisons, we relate the frequency of the ^{2}S_{1/2}(F=0)↔^{2}F_{7/2}(F=3) electric-octupole (E3) transition in ^{171}Yb^{+} to that of the ^{2}S_{1/2}(F=0)↔^{2}D_{3/2}(F=2) electric-quadrupole (E2) transition of the same ion, and to that of the ^{1}S_{0}↔^{3}P_{0} transition in ^{87}Sr. Measurements of the first frequency ratio ν_{E3}/ν_{E2} are performed via interleaved interrogation of both transitions in a single ion. The comparison of the single-ion clock based on the E3 transition with a strontium optical lattice clock yields the second frequency ratio ν_{E3}/ν_{Sr}. By constraining oscillations of the fine-structure constant α with these measurement results, we improve existing bounds on the scalar coupling d_{e} of ultralight dark matter to photons for dark matter masses in the range of about (10^{-24}-10^{-17}) eV/c^{2}. These results constitute an improvement by more than an order of magnitude over previous investigations for most of this range. We also use the repeated measurements of ν_{E3}/ν_{E2} to improve existing limits on a linear temporal drift of α and its coupling to gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filzinger
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Dörscher
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Lange
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Klose
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Steinel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Benkler
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Peik
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Lisdat
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - N Huntemann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Kobayashi T, Takamizawa A, Akamatsu D, Kawasaki A, Nishiyama A, Hosaka K, Hisai Y, Wada M, Inaba H, Tanabe T, Yasuda M. Search for Ultralight Dark Matter from Long-Term Frequency Comparisons of Optical and Microwave Atomic Clocks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:241301. [PMID: 36563281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.241301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We search for ultralight scalar dark matter candidates that induce oscillations of the fine structure constant, the electron and quark masses, and the quantum chromodynamics energy scale with frequency comparison data between a ^{171}Yb optical lattice clock and a ^{133}Cs fountain microwave clock that span 298 days with an uptime of 15.4%. New limits on the couplings of the scalar dark matter to electrons and gluons in the mass range from 10^{-22} to 10^{-20} eV/c^{2} are set, assuming that each of these couplings is the dominant source of the modulation in the frequency ratio. The absolute frequency of the ^{171}Yb clock transition is also determined as 518 295 836 590 863.69(28) Hz, which is one of the important contributions toward a redefinition of the second in the International System of Units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kobayashi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takamizawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Daisuke Akamatsu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Kawasaki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Hosaka
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hisai
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Wada
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Hajime Inaba
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tanabe
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Masami Yasuda
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
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5
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Lao G, Zhu GZ, Dickerson CE, Augenbraun BL, Alexandrova AN, Caram JR, Hudson ER, Campbell WC. Laser Spectroscopy of Aromatic Molecules with Optical Cycling Centers: Strontium(I) Phenoxides. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11029-11035. [PMID: 36413655 PMCID: PMC9720742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the production and spectroscopic characterization of strontium(I) phenoxide (SrOC6H5 or SrOPh) and variants featuring electron-withdrawing groups designed to suppress vibrational excitation during spontaneous emission from the electronically excited state. Optical cycling closure of these species, which is the decoupling of the vibrational state changes from spontaneous optical decay, is found by dispersed laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy to be high, in accordance with theoretical predictions. A high-resolution, rotationally resolved laser excitation spectrum is recorded for SrOPh, allowing the estimation of spectroscopic constants and identification of candidate optical cycling transitions for future work. The results confirm the promise of strontium phenoxides for laser cooling and quantum state detection at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Lao
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Guo-Zhu Zhu
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Claire E. Dickerson
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Benjamin L. Augenbraun
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
- Harvard-MIT
Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California90095, United States
- Center
for Quantum Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Justin R. Caram
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California90095, United States
- Center
for Quantum Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Eric R. Hudson
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
- Center
for Quantum Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
- Challenge
Institute for Quantum Computation, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Wesley C. Campbell
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
- Center
for Quantum Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
- Challenge
Institute for Quantum Computation, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
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6
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Tretiak O, Zhang X, Figueroa NL, Antypas D, Brogna A, Banerjee A, Perez G, Budker D. Improved Bounds on Ultralight Scalar Dark Matter in the Radio-Frequency Range. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:031301. [PMID: 35905361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.031301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for fundamental constant oscillations in the range 20 kHz-100 MHz that may arise within models for ultralight dark matter (UDM). Using two independent optical-spectroscopy apparatuses, we achieve up to ×1000 greater sensitivity in the search relative to previous work [D. Antypas et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 141102 (2019).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.141102]. We report no observation of UDM and thus constrain respective couplings to electrons and photons within the investigated UDM particle mass range 8×10^{-11}-4×10^{-7} eV. The constraints significantly exceed previously set bounds from atomic spectroscopy and, as we show, may surpass in future experiments those provided by equivalence-principle (EP) experiments in a specific case regarding the combination of UDM couplings probed by the EP experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Tretiak
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xue Zhang
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataniel L Figueroa
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dionysios Antypas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Brogna
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilad Perez
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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7
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Oswald R, Nevsky A, Vogt V, Schiller S, Figueroa NL, Zhang K, Tretiak O, Antypas D, Budker D, Banerjee A, Perez G. Search for Dark-Matter-Induced Oscillations of Fundamental Constants Using Molecular Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:031302. [PMID: 35905348 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.031302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A possible implication of an ultralight dark matter field interacting with the standard model degrees of freedom is oscillations of fundamental constants. Here, we establish direct experimental bounds on the coupling of an oscillating ultralight dark matter field to the up, down, and strange quarks and to the gluons, for oscillation frequencies between 10 and 10^{8} Hz. We employ spectroscopic experiments that take advantage of the dependence of molecular transition frequencies on the nuclear masses. Our results apply to previously unexplored frequency bands and improve on existing bounds at frequencies >5 MHz. We also improve on the bounds for coupling to the electromagnetic field and the electron field, in particular spectral windows. We identify a sector of ultralight dark matter and standard model coupling space where the bounds from equivalence principle tests may be challenged by next-generation experiments of the present kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Oswald
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Nevsky
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - V Vogt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Schiller
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N L Figueroa
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Zhang
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Tretiak
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Antypas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 7610001
| | - G Perez
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 7610001
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8
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Vermeulen SM, Relton P, Grote H, Raymond V, Affeldt C, Bergamin F, Bisht A, Brinkmann M, Danzmann K, Doravari S, Kringel V, Lough J, Lück H, Mehmet M, Mukund N, Nadji S, Schreiber E, Sorazu B, Strain KA, Vahlbruch H, Weinert M, Willke B, Wittel H. Direct limits for scalar field dark matter from a gravitational-wave detector. Nature 2021; 600:424-428. [PMID: 34912085 PMCID: PMC8674151 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nature of dark matter remains unknown to date, although several candidate particles are being considered in a dynamically changing research landscape1. Scalar field dark matter is a prominent option that is being explored with precision instruments, such as atomic clocks and optical cavities2–8. Here we describe a direct search for scalar field dark matter using a gravitational-wave detector, which operates beyond the quantum shot-noise limit. We set new upper limits on the coupling constants of scalar field dark matter as a function of its mass, by excluding the presence of signals that would be produced through the direct coupling of this dark matter to the beam splitter of the GEO600 interferometer. These constraints improve on bounds from previous direct searches by more than six orders of magnitude and are, in some cases, more stringent than limits obtained in tests of the equivalence principle by up to four orders of magnitude. Our work demonstrates that scalar field dark matter can be investigated or constrained with direct searches using gravitational-wave detectors and highlights the potential of quantum-enhanced interferometry for dark matter detection. Using a gravitational-wave detector to listen for dark matter signatures, a direct search for scalar field dark matter was conducted and new upper limits are set on the coupling constants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Relton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hartmut Grote
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Vivien Raymond
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Christoph Affeldt
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabio Bergamin
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Aparna Bisht
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Brinkmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karsten Danzmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Suresh Doravari
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Kringel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Lough
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Lück
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Mehmet
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nikhil Mukund
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Séverin Nadji
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emil Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Borja Sorazu
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kenneth A Strain
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Henning Vahlbruch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Weinert
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benno Willke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Wittel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Centers GP, Blanchard JW, Conrad J, Figueroa NL, Garcon A, Gramolin AV, Kimball DFJ, Lawson M, Pelssers B, Smiga JA, Sushkov AO, Wickenbrock A, Budker D, Derevianko A. Stochastic fluctuations of bosonic dark matter. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7321. [PMID: 34916510 PMCID: PMC8677790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous theories extending beyond the standard model of particle physics predict the existence of bosons that could constitute dark matter. In the standard halo model of galactic dark matter, the velocity distribution of the bosonic dark matter field defines a characteristic coherence time τc. Until recently, laboratory experiments searching for bosonic dark matter fields have been in the regime where the measurement time T significantly exceeds τc, so null results have been interpreted by assuming a bosonic field amplitude Φ0 fixed by the average local dark matter density. Here we show that experiments operating in the T ≪ τc regime do not sample the full distribution of bosonic dark matter field amplitudes and therefore it is incorrect to assume a fixed value of Φ0 when inferring constraints. Instead, in order to interpret laboratory measurements (even in the event of a discovery), it is necessary to account for the stochastic nature of such a virialized ultralight field. The constraints inferred from several previous null experiments searching for ultralight bosonic dark matter were overestimated by factors ranging from 3 to 10 depending on experimental details, model assumptions, and choice of inference framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Centers
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | | | - Jan Conrad
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nataniel L Figueroa
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthew Lawson
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bart Pelssers
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph A Smiga
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | | | - Arne Wickenbrock
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA.
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10
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Kouvaris C, Papantonopoulos E, Street L, Wijewardhana L. Using atomic clocks to detect local dark matter halos. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Tran Tan HB, Derevianko A, Dzuba VA, Flambaum VV. Atomic Ionization by Scalar Dark Matter and Solar Scalars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:081301. [PMID: 34477413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.081301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the cross sections of atomic ionization by absorption of scalar particles in the energy range from a few eV to 100 keV. We consider both nonrelativistic particles (dark matter candidates) and relativistic particles that may be produced inside the Sun. We provide numerical results for atoms relevant for direct dark matter searches (O, Na, Ar, Ca, Ge, I, Xe, W and Tl). We identify a crucial flaw in previous calculations and show that they overestimated the ionization cross sections by several orders of magnitude due to violation of the orthogonality of the bound and continuum electron wave functions. Using our computed cross sections, we interpret the recent data from the Xenon1T experiment, establishing the first direct bounds on coupling of scalars to electrons. We argue that the Xenon1T excess can be explained by the emission of scalars from the Sun. Although our finding is in a similar tension with astrophysical bounds as the solar axion hypothesis, we establish direct limits on scalar DM for the ∼1-10 keV mass range. We also update axio-ionization cross sections. Numerical data files are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Tran Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - A Derevianko
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Hu L, Xue R, Tian X, Wu G, Chen J. All-passive multiple-place optical phase noise cancellation. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1381-1384. [PMID: 33720192 DOI: 10.1364/ol.415930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of delivering coherent optical frequency to multiple places based on passive phase noise cancellation over a bus topology fiber network. This technique mitigates any active servo controller on the main fiber link and at arbitrary access places as opposed to the conventional technique, in which an active phase compensation circuit has to be adopted to stabilize the main fiber link. Although the residual fiber phase noise power spectral density in the proposed technique turns out to be a factor of seven higher than that of in the conventional multiple-access technique when the access place is close to the end of the fiber link, it could largely suppress the phase noise introduced by the servo bumps, improve the response speed and phase recovery time, and minimize hardware overhead in systems with many stations and connections without the need for active servo circuits including phase discriminators and active compensators. The proposed technique could considerably simplify future efforts to make precise optical frequency signals available to many users, as required by some large-scale science experiments.
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13
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Frequency ratio measurements at 18-digit accuracy using an optical clock network. Nature 2021; 591:564-569. [PMID: 33762766 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Atomic clocks are vital in a wide array of technologies and experiments, including tests of fundamental physics1. Clocks operating at optical frequencies have now demonstrated fractional stability and reproducibility at the 10-18 level, two orders of magnitude beyond their microwave predecessors2. Frequency ratio measurements between optical clocks are the basis for many of the applications that take advantage of this remarkable precision. However, the highest reported accuracy for frequency ratio measurements has remained largely unchanged for more than a decade3-5. Here we operate a network of optical clocks based on 27Al+ (ref. 6), 87Sr (ref. 7) and 171Yb (ref. 8), and measure their frequency ratios with fractional uncertainties at or below 8 × 10-18. Exploiting this precision, we derive improved constraints on the potential coupling of ultralight bosonic dark matter to standard model fields9,10. Our optical clock network utilizes not just optical fibre11, but also a 1.5-kilometre free-space link12,13. This advance in frequency ratio measurements lays the groundwork for future networks of mobile, airborne and remote optical clocks that will be used to test physical laws1, perform relativistic geodesy14 and substantially improve international timekeeping15.
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14
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Campbell WM, McAllister BT, Goryachev M, Ivanov EN, Tobar ME. Searching for Scalar Dark Matter via Coupling to Fundamental Constants with Photonic, Atomic, and Mechanical Oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:071301. [PMID: 33666447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.071301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a way to search for light scalar dark matter (DM), seeking to exploit putative coupling between dark matter scalar fields and fundamental constants, by searching for frequency modulations in direct comparisons between frequency stable oscillators. Specifically we compare a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO), hydrogen maser (HM) atomic oscillator, and a bulk acoustic wave quartz oscillator (OCXO). This work includes the first calculation of the dependence of acoustic oscillators on variations of the fundamental constants, and demonstration that they can be a sensitive tool for scalar DM experiments. Results are presented based on 16 days of data in comparisons between the HM and OCXO, and 2 days of comparison between the OCXO and CSO. No evidence of oscillating fundamental constants consistent with a coupling to scalar dark matter is found, and instead limits on the strength of these couplings as a function of the dark matter mass are determined. We constrain the dimensionless coupling constant d_{e} and combination |d_{m_{e}}-d_{g}| across the mass band 4.4×10^{-19}≲m_{φ}≲6.8×10^{-14} eV c^{-2}, with most sensitive limits d_{e}≳1.59×10^{-1}, |d_{m_{e}}-dg|≳6.97×10^{-1}. Notably, these limits do not rely on maximum reach analysis (MRA), instead employing the more general coefficient separation technique. This experiment paves the way for future, highly sensitive experiments based on state-of-the-art acoustic oscillators, and we show that these limits can be competitive with the best current MRA-based exclusion limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ben T McAllister
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Maxim Goryachev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Eugene N Ivanov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael E Tobar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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15
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Savalle E, Hees A, Frank F, Cantin E, Pottie PE, Roberts BM, Cros L, McAllister BT, Wolf P. Searching for Dark Matter with an Optical Cavity and an Unequal-Delay Interferometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:051301. [PMID: 33605767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new type of experiment that compares the frequency of a clock (an ultrastable optical cavity in this case) at time t to its own frequency some time t-T earlier, by "storing" the output signal (photons) in a fiber delay line. In ultralight oscillating dark matter (DM) models, such an experiment is sensitive to coupling of DM to the standard model fields, through oscillations of the cavity and fiber lengths and of the fiber refractive index. Additionally, the sensitivity is significantly enhanced around the mechanical resonances of the cavity. We present experimental results of such an experiment and report no evidence of DM for masses in the [4.1×10^{-11}, 8.3×10^{-10}] eV region. In addition, we improve constraints on the involved coupling constants by one order of magnitude in a standard galactic DM model, at the mass corresponding to the resonant frequency of our cavity. Furthermore, in the model of relaxion DM, we improve on existing constraints over the whole DM mass range by about one order of magnitude, and up to 6 orders of magnitude at resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Savalle
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Florian Frank
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Cantin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Paul-Eric Pottie
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin M Roberts
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lucie Cros
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, Université PSL, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ben T McAllister
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Peter Wolf
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
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16
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Kennedy CJ, Oelker E, Robinson JM, Bothwell T, Kedar D, Milner WR, Marti GE, Derevianko A, Ye J. Precision Metrology Meets Cosmology: Improved Constraints on Ultralight Dark Matter from Atom-Cavity Frequency Comparisons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:201302. [PMID: 33258619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We conduct frequency comparisons between a state-of-the-art strontium optical lattice clock, a cryogenic crystalline silicon cavity, and a hydrogen maser to set new bounds on the coupling of ultralight dark matter to standard model particles and fields in the mass range of 10^{-16}-10^{-21} eV. The key advantage of this two-part ratio comparison is the differential sensitivity to time variation of both the fine-structure constant and the electron mass, achieving a substantially improved limit on the moduli of ultralight dark matter, particularly at higher masses than typical atomic spectroscopic results. Furthermore, we demonstrate an extension of the search range to even higher masses by use of dynamical decoupling techniques. These results highlight the importance of using the best-performing atomic clocks for fundamental physics applications, as all-optical timescales are increasingly integrated with, and will eventually supplant, existing microwave timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Kennedy
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Eric Oelker
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - John M Robinson
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tobias Bothwell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Dhruv Kedar
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - William R Milner
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - G Edward Marti
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrei Derevianko
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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17
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Beloy K, Dzuba VA, Brewer SM. Quadruply Ionized Barium as a Candidate for a High-Accuracy Optical Clock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:173002. [PMID: 33156679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We identify Ba^{4+} (Te-like) as a promising candidate for a high-accuracy optical clock. The lowest-lying electronic states are part of a ^{3}P_{J} fine structure manifold with anomalous energy ordering, being nonmonotonic in J. We propose a clock based on the 338.8 THz electric quadrupole transition between the ground (^{3}P_{2}) and first-excited (^{3}P_{0}) electronic states. We perform relativistic many-body calculations to determine relevant properties of this ion. The lifetime of the excited clock state is found to be several seconds, accommodating low statistical uncertainty with a single ion for practical averaging times. The differential static scalar polarizability is found to be small and negative, providing suppressed sensitivity to blackbody radiation while simultaneously allowing cancellation of Stark and excess micromotion shifts. With the exception of Hg^{+} and Yb^{+}, sensitivity to variation of the fine structure constant is greater than other optical clocks thus far demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - S M Brewer
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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18
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Cheung C, Safronova MS, Porsev SG, Kozlov MG, Tupitsyn II, Bondarev AI. Accurate Prediction of Clock Transitions in a Highly Charged Ion with Complex Electronic Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:163001. [PMID: 32383935 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a broadly applicable approach that drastically increases the ability to predict the properties of complex atoms accurately. We apply it to the case of Ir^{17+}, which is of particular interest for the development of novel atomic clocks with a high sensitivity to the variation of the fine-structure constant and to dark matter searches. In general, clock transitions are weak and very difficult to identify without accurate theoretical predictions. In the case of Ir^{17+}, even stronger electric-dipole (E1) transitions have eluded observation despite years of effort, raising the possibility that the theoretical predictions are grossly wrong. In this work, we provide accurate predictions of the transition wavelengths and E1 transition rates for Ir^{17+}. Our results explain the lack of observations of the E1 transitions and provide a pathway toward the detection of clock transitions. The computational advances we demonstrate in this work are widely applicable to most elements in the periodic table and will allow us to solve numerous problems in atomic physics, astrophysics, and plasma physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - M G Kozlov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Prof. Popov Street 5, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - I I Tupitsyn
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Center for Advanced Studies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaja 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - A I Bondarev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Center for Advanced Studies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaja 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
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19
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Hees A, Do T, Roberts BM, Ghez AM, Nishiyama S, Bentley RO, Gautam AK, Jia S, Kara T, Lu JR, Saida H, Sakai S, Takahashi M, Takamori Y. Search for a Variation of the Fine Structure Constant around the Supermassive Black Hole in Our Galactic Center. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:081101. [PMID: 32167338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Searching for space-time variations of the constants of Nature is a promising way to search for new physics beyond general relativity and the standard model motivated by unification theories and models of dark matter and dark energy. We propose a new way to search for a variation of the fine-structure constant using measurements of late-type evolved giant stars from the S star cluster orbiting the supermassive black hole in our Galactic Center. A measurement of the difference between distinct absorption lines (with different sensitivity to the fine structure constant) from a star leads to a direct estimate of a variation of the fine structure constant between the star's location and Earth. Using spectroscopic measurements of five stars, we obtain a constraint on the relative variation of the fine structure constant below 10^{-5}. This is the first time a varying constant of nature is searched for around a black hole and in a high gravitational potential. This analysis shows new ways the monitoring of stars in the Galactic Center can be used to probe fundamental physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - T Do
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B M Roberts
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - A M Ghez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Nishiyama
- Miyagi University of Education, 149 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - R O Bentley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A K Gautam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Jia
- Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Kara
- Miyagi University of Education, 149 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - J R Lu
- Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Saida
- Daido University, 10-3 Takiharu-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 457-8530, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Takahashi
- Aichi University of Education, 1 Hirosawa, Igaya-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan
| | - Y Takamori
- National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada-cho, Gobo, Wakayama 644-0023, Japan
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20
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Adelberger EG, Terrano WA. Comment on "Search for Axionlike Dark Matter with a Liquid-State Nuclear Spin Comagnetometer". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:169001. [PMID: 31702377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.169001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E G Adelberger
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Box 354290, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-4290, USA
| | - W A Terrano
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08550, USA
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21
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Antypas D, Tretiak O, Garcon A, Ozeri R, Perez G, Budker D. Scalar Dark Matter in the Radio-Frequency Band: Atomic-Spectroscopy Search Results. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:141102. [PMID: 31702177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.141102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the prominent candidates for dark matter are bosonic fields with small scalar couplings to the standard-model particles. Several techniques are employed to search for such couplings, and the current best constraints are derived from tests of gravity or atomic probes. In experiments employing atoms, observables would arise from expected dark-matter-induced oscillations in the fundamental constants of nature. These studies are primarily sensitive to underlying particle masses below 10^{-14} eV. We present a method to search for fast oscillations of fundamental constants using atomic spectroscopy in cesium vapor. We demonstrate sensitivity to scalar interactions of dark matter associated with a particle mass in the range 8×10^{-11} to 4×10^{-7} eV. In this range our experiment yields constraints on such interactions, which within the framework of an astronomical-size dark matter structure are comparable with, or better than, those provided by experiments probing deviations from the law of gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Antypas
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - O Tretiak
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - A Garcon
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - R Ozeri
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 7610001
| | - G Perez
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 7610001
| | - D Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany and Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-300, USA
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22
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Hutson RB, Goban A, Marti GE, Sonderhouse L, Sanner C, Ye J. Engineering Quantum States of Matter for Atomic Clocks in Shallow Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:123401. [PMID: 31633951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of stimulated scattering of optical lattice photons on atomic coherence times in a state-of-the art ^{87}Sr optical lattice clock. Such scattering processes are found to limit the achievable coherence times to less than 12 s (corresponding to a quality factor of 1×10^{16}), significantly shorter than the predicted 145(40) s lifetime of ^{87}Sr's excited clock state. We suggest that shallow, state-independent optical lattices with increased lattice constants can give rise to sufficiently small lattice photon scattering and motional dephasing rates as to enable coherence times on the order of the clock transition's natural lifetime. Not only should this scheme be compatible with the relatively high atomic density associated with Fermi-degenerate gases in three-dimensional optical lattices, but we anticipate that certain properties of various quantum states of matter-such as the localization of atoms in a Mott insulator-can be used to suppress dephasing due to tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross B Hutson
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 390 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Akihisa Goban
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 390 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G Edward Marti
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 390 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Lindsay Sonderhouse
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 390 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Christian Sanner
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 390 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 390 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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23
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Choi HG, Jung S. New probe of dark matter-induced fifth force with neutron star inspirals. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Wcisło P, Ablewski P, Beloy K, Bilicki S, Bober M, Brown R, Fasano R, Ciuryło R, Hachisu H, Ido T, Lodewyck J, Ludlow A, McGrew W, Morzyński P, Nicolodi D, Schioppo M, Sekido M, Le Targat R, Wolf P, Zhang X, Zjawin B, Zawada M. New bounds on dark matter coupling from a global network of optical atomic clocks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau4869. [PMID: 30539146 PMCID: PMC6286165 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first Earth-scale quantum sensor network based on optical atomic clocks aimed at dark matter (DM) detection. Exploiting differences in the susceptibilities to the fine-structure constant of essential parts of an optical atomic clock, i.e., the cold atoms and the optical reference cavity, we can perform sensitive searches for DM signatures without the need for real-time comparisons of the clocks. We report a two orders of magnitude improvement in constraints on transient variations of the fine-structure constant, which considerably improves the detection limit for the standard model (SM)-DM coupling. We use Yb and Sr optical atomic clocks at four laboratories on three continents to search for both topological defect and massive scalar field candidates. No signal consistent with a DM coupling is identified, leading to considerably improved constraints on the DM-SM couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Wcisło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0440, USA
| | - P. Ablewski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - K. Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
| | - S. Bilicki
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - M. Bober
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - R. Brown
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
| | - R. Fasano
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0440, USA
| | - R. Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - H. Hachisu
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, 184-8795 Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Ido
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, 184-8795 Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Lodewyck
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - A. Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0440, USA
| | - W. McGrew
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0440, USA
| | - P. Morzyński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, 184-8795 Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. Nicolodi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
| | - M. Schioppo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - M. Sekido
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, 184-8795 Tokyo, Japan
| | - R. Le Targat
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - P. Wolf
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - X. Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
| | - B. Zjawin
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - M. Zawada
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
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25
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Lepers M, Li H, Wyart JF, Quéméner G, Dulieu O. Ultracold Rare-Earth Magnetic Atoms with an Electric Dipole Moment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:063201. [PMID: 30141648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method to produce an electric and magnetic dipolar gas of ultracold dysprosium atoms. The pair of nearly degenerate energy levels of opposite parity, at 17513.33 cm^{-1} with electronic angular momentum J=10, and at 17514.50 cm^{-1} with J=9, can be mixed with an external electric field, thus inducing an electric dipole moment in the laboratory frame. For field amplitudes relevant to current-day experiments, i.e., an electric field of 5 kV/cm, we predict a large magnetic dipole moment up to 13 Bohr magnetons, and sizeable electric dipole moment up to 0.22 D. When a magnetic field is present, we show that the induced electric dipole moment is strongly dependent on the angle between the fields. The lifetime of the field-mixed levels is found in the millisecond range, thus allowing for suitable experimental detection and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Lepers
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-François Wyart
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR8112, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Goulven Quéméner
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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26
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Safronova MS, Porsev SG, Sanner C, Ye J. Two Clock Transitions in Neutral Yb for the Highest Sensitivity to Variations of the Fine-Structure Constant. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:173001. [PMID: 29756836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new frequency standard based on a 4f^{14}6s6p ^{3}P_{0}-4f^{13}6s^{2}5d (J=2) transition in neutral Yb. This transition has a potential for high stability and accuracy and the advantage of the highest sensitivity among atomic clocks to variation of the fine-structure constant α. We find its dimensionless α-variation enhancement factor to be K=-15, in comparison to the most sensitive current clock (Yb^{+} E3, K=-6), and it is 18 times larger than in any neutral-atomic clocks (Hg, K=0.8). Combined with the unprecedented stability of an optical lattice clock for neutral atoms, this high sensitivity opens new perspectives for searches for ultralight dark matter and for tests of theories beyond the standard model of elementary particles. Moreover, together with the well-established ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{0} transition, one will have two clock transitions operating in neutral Yb, whose interleaved interrogations may further reduce systematic uncertainties of such clock-comparison experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Sergey G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Christian Sanner
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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27
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Roberts B, Blewitt G, Dailey C, Derevianko A. Search for transient ultralight dark matter signatures with networks of precision measurement devices using a Bayesian statistics method. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.083009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Bergé J, Brax P, Métris G, Pernot-Borràs M, Touboul P, Uzan JP. MICROSCOPE Mission: First Constraints on the Violation of the Weak Equivalence Principle by a Light Scalar Dilaton. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:141101. [PMID: 29694146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a light or massive scalar field with a coupling to matter weaker than gravitational strength is a possible source of violation of the weak equivalence principle. We use the first results on the Eötvös parameter by the MICROSCOPE experiment to set new constraints on such scalar fields. For a massive scalar field of mass smaller than 10^{-12} eV (i.e., range larger than a few 10^{5} m), we improve existing constraints by one order of magnitude to |α|<10^{-11} if the scalar field couples to the baryon number and to |α|<10^{-12} if the scalar field couples to the difference between the baryon and the lepton numbers. We also consider a model describing the coupling of a generic dilaton to the standard matter fields with five parameters, for a light field: We find that, for masses smaller than 10^{-12} eV, the constraints on the dilaton coupling parameters are improved by one order of magnitude compared to previous equivalence principle tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Bergé
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Philippe Brax
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Métris
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 250 avenue Albert Einstein, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Martin Pernot-Borràs
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, IAP, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Touboul
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Uzan
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS UMR 7095, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut Lagrange de Paris, 98 bis, Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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29
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Brdar V, Kopp J, Liu J, Prass P, Wang XP. Fuzzy dark matter and nonstandard neutrino interactions. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Campbell SL, Hutson RB, Marti GE, Goban A, Darkwah Oppong N, McNally RL, Sonderhouse L, Robinson JM, Zhang W, Bloom BJ, Ye J. A Fermi-degenerate three-dimensional optical lattice clock. Science 2018; 358:90-94. [PMID: 28983047 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Strontium optical lattice clocks have the potential to simultaneously interrogate millions of atoms with a high spectroscopic quality factor of 4 × 1017 Previously, atomic interactions have forced a compromise between clock stability, which benefits from a large number of atoms, and accuracy, which suffers from density-dependent frequency shifts. Here we demonstrate a scalable solution that takes advantage of the high, correlated density of a degenerate Fermi gas in a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice to guard against on-site interaction shifts. We show that contact interactions are resolved so that their contribution to clock shifts is orders of magnitude lower than in previous experiments. A synchronous clock comparison between two regions of the 3D lattice yields a measurement precision of 5 × 10-19 in 1 hour of averaging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Campbell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - R B Hutson
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - G E Marti
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - A Goban
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - N Darkwah Oppong
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - R L McNally
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - L Sonderhouse
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - J M Robinson
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - W Zhang
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - B J Bloom
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - J Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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31
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Rogatko M, Wysokinski KI. Two interacting current model of holographic Dirac fluid in graphene. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.024053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Nardin Barreta LF, Victor AR, Bueno P, Dos Santos JR, da Silveira CAB, Neri JW, Neto JJ, Sbampato ME, Destro MG. Observation of the 162Dy- 164Dy Isotope Shift for the 0 → 16 717.79 cm -1 Optical Transition. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1938-1946. [PMID: 28447488 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817702661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a newly observed isotope shift between 162Dy and 164Dy isotopes for the 0 → 16 717.79 cm-1 (598.003 nm) optical transition. We compared the newly observed results against two other lines (597.452 nm and 598.859 nm), which we measured in this work, and were already reported in the literature. The newly observed 162-164 Dy isotope shift, shows at least a 20% larger isotope shift than the isotope shifts for the other two lines investigated. The larger 162-164 isotope shift observed for the 598.003 nm line could lead to an increased isotope selectivity for atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS). Hence, this line could be a good choice for application in AVLIS. Experimental data available in the literature for the 597.452 nm and 598.859 nm lines, enabled us to perform simulations of spectra for both lines, in order to confirm the accuracy of our experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Nardin Barreta
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Rogério Victor
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bueno
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Jhonatha Ricardo Dos Santos
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Wilson Neri
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Jakutis Neto
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Sbampato
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Geraldo Destro
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
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33
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Rogatko M, Wysokiński KI. Viscosity bound for anisotropic superfluids with dark matter sector. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.026015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Blas D, Nacir DL, Sibiryakov S. Ultralight Dark Matter Resonates with Binary Pulsars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:261102. [PMID: 28707940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.261102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We consider the scenario where dark matter (DM) is represented by an ultralight classical scalar field performing coherent periodic oscillations. We point out that such DM perturbs the dynamics of binary systems either through its gravitational field or via direct coupling to ordinary matter. This perturbation gets resonantly amplified if the frequency of DM oscillations is close to a (half-)integer multiple of the orbital frequency of the system and leads to a secular variation of the orbital period. We suggest using binary pulsars as probes of this scenario and estimate their sensitivity. While the current accuracy of observations is not yet sufficient to probe the purely gravitational effect of DM, it already yields constraints on direct coupling that are competitive with other bounds. The sensitivity will increase with the upcoming radio observatories such as the Square Kilometer Array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Blas
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
| | - Diana López Nacir
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Sibiryakov
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, LPPC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect, 7a, 117312 Moscow, Russia
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35
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Leefer N, Gerhardus A, Budker D, Flambaum VV, Stadnik YV. Search for the Effect of Massive Bodies on Atomic Spectra and Constraints on Yukawa-Type Interactions of Scalar Particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:271601. [PMID: 28084774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.271601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method to search for hypothetical scalar particles that have feeble interactions with standard-model particles. In the presence of massive bodies, these interactions produce a nonzero Yukawa-type scalar-field magnitude. Using radio-frequency spectroscopy data of atomic dysprosium, as well as atomic clock spectroscopy data, we constrain the Yukawa-type interactions of a scalar field with the photon, electron, and nucleons for a range of scalar-particle masses corresponding to length scales >10 cm. In the limit as the scalar-particle mass m_{ϕ}→0, our derived limits on the Yukawa-type interaction parameters are Λ_{γ}≳8×10^{19} GeV, Λ_{e}≳1.3×10^{19} GeV, and Λ_{N}≳6×10^{20} GeV. Our measurements also constrain combinations of interaction parameters, which cannot otherwise be probed with traditional anomalous-force measurements. We suggest further measurements to improve on the current level of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leefer
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Gerhardus
- Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Physikalisches Institut der Universitat Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley 94720-7300, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V V Flambaum
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Y V Stadnik
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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36
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Geraci AA, Derevianko A. Sensitivity of Atom Interferometry to Ultralight Scalar Field Dark Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:261301. [PMID: 28059542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.261301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the use of atom interferometry as a tool to search for dark matter (DM) composed of virialized ultralight fields (VULFs). Previous work on VULF DM detection using accelerometers has considered the possibility of equivalence-principle-violating effects whereby gradients in the dark matter field can directly produce relative accelerations between media of differing composition. In atom interferometers, we find that time-varying phase signals induced by coherent oscillations of DM fields can also arise due to changes in the atom rest mass that can occur between light pulses throughout the interferometer sequence as well as changes in Earth's gravitational field. We estimate that several orders of magnitude of unexplored phase space for VULF DM couplings can be probed due to these new effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Geraci
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Andrei Derevianko
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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37
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Kozyryev I, Baum L, Matsuda K, Doyle JM. Proposal for Laser Cooling of Complex Polyatomic Molecules. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3641-3648. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kozyryev
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Louis Baum
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Kyle Matsuda
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - John M. Doyle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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38
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Sinclair LC, Swann WC, Bergeron H, Baumann E, Cermak M, Coddington I, Deschênes JD, Giorgetta FR, Juarez JC, Khader I, Petrillo KG, Souza KT, Dennis ML, Newbury NR. Synchronization of Clocks Through 12 km of Strongly Turbulent Air Over a City. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2016; 109:151104. [PMID: 29348695 PMCID: PMC5769483 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate real-time, femtosecond-level clock synchronization across a low-lying, strongly turbulent, 12-km horizontal air path by optical two-way time transfer. For this long horizontal free-space path, the integrated turbulence extends well into the strong turbulence regime corresponding to multiple scattering with a Rytov variance up to 7 and with the number of signal interruptions exceeding 100 per second. Nevertheless, optical two-way time transfer is used to synchronize a remote clock to a master clock with femtosecond-level agreement and with a relative time deviation dropping as low as a few hundred attoseconds. Synchronization is shown for a remote clock based on either an optical or microwave oscillator and using either tip-tilt or adaptive-optics free-space optical terminals. The performance is unaltered from optical two-way time transfer in weak turbulence across short links. These results confirm that the two-way reciprocity of the free-space time-of-flight is maintained both under strong turbulence and with the use of adaptive optics. The demonstrated robustness of optical two-way time transfer against strong turbulence and its compatibility with adaptive optics is encouraging for future femtosecond clock synchronization over very long distance ground-to-air free-space paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Sinclair
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - William C Swann
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Hugo Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Esther Baumann
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Michael Cermak
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Ian Coddington
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | | | - Fabrizio R Giorgetta
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Juan C Juarez
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Isaac Khader
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Keith G Petrillo
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Katherine T Souza
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Michael L Dennis
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Nathan R Newbury
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Hees A, Guéna J, Abgrall M, Bize S, Wolf P. Searching for an Oscillating Massive Scalar Field as a Dark Matter Candidate Using Atomic Hyperfine Frequency Comparisons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:061301. [PMID: 27541455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.061301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use 6 yrs of accurate hyperfine frequency comparison data of the dual rubidium and caesium cold atom fountain FO2 at LNE-SYRTE to search for a massive scalar dark matter candidate. Such a scalar field can induce harmonic variations of the fine structure constant, of the mass of fermions, and of the quantum chromodynamic mass scale, which will directly impact the rubidium/caesium hyperfine transition frequency ratio. We find no signal consistent with a scalar dark matter candidate but provide improved constraints on the coupling of the putative scalar field to standard matter. Our limits are complementary to previous results that were only sensitive to the fine structure constant and improve them by more than an order of magnitude when only a coupling to electromagnetism is assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J Guéna
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M Abgrall
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - S Bize
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - P Wolf
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
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Arvanitaki A, Dimopoulos S, Van Tilburg K. Sound of Dark Matter: Searching for Light Scalars with Resonant-Mass Detectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:031102. [PMID: 26849581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fine-structure constant and the electron mass in string theory are determined by the values of scalar fields called moduli. If the dark matter takes on the form of such a light modulus, it oscillates with a frequency equal to its mass and an amplitude determined by the local dark-matter density. This translates into an oscillation of the size of a solid that can be observed by resonant-mass antennas. Existing and planned experiments, combined with a dedicated resonant-mass detector proposed in this Letter, can probe dark-matter moduli with frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 GHz, with much better sensitivity than searches for fifth forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Arvanitaki
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Savas Dimopoulos
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ken Van Tilburg
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Stadnik YV, Flambaum VV. Can Dark Matter Induce Cosmological Evolution of the Fundamental Constants of Nature? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:201301. [PMID: 26613429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.201301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that massive fields, such as dark matter, can directly produce a cosmological evolution of the fundamental constants of nature. We show that a scalar or pseudoscalar (axionlike) dark matter field ϕ, which forms a coherently oscillating classical field and interacts with standard model particles via quadratic couplings in ϕ, produces "slow" cosmological evolution and oscillating variations of the fundamental constants. We derive limits on the quadratic interactions of ϕ with the photon, electron, and light quarks from measurements of the primordial (4)He abundance produced during big bang nucleosynthesis and recent atomic dysprosium spectroscopy measurements. These limits improve on existing constraints by up to 15 orders of magnitude. We also derive limits on the previously unconstrained linear and quadratic interactions of ϕ with the massive vector bosons from measurements of the primordial (4)He abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Stadnik
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Tighter limits on dark matter. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/523130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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