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Kumar S, Li P, Zeng L, He J, Malomed BA. A solvable model for symmetry-breaking phase transitions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13768. [PMID: 37612417 PMCID: PMC10447515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Analytically solvable models are benchmarks in studies of phase transitions and pattern-forming bifurcations. Such models are known for phase transitions of the second kind in uniform media, but not for localized states (solitons), as integrable equations which produce solitons do not admit intrinsic transitions in them. We introduce a solvable model for symmetry-breaking phase transitions of both the first and second kinds (alias sub- and supercritical bifurcations) for solitons pinned to a combined linear-nonlinear double-well potential, represented by a symmetric pair of delta-functions. Both self-focusing and defocusing signs of the nonlinearity are considered. In the former case, exact solutions are produced for symmetric and asymmetric solitons. The solutions explicitly demonstrate a switch between the symmetry-breaking transitions of the first and second kinds (i.e., sub- and supercritical bifurcations, respectively). In the self-defocusing model, the solution demonstrates the transition of the second kind which breaks antisymmetry of the first excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrughna Kumar
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Liangwei Zeng
- Department of Basic Course, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou, 510725, China
| | - Jingsong He
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, Chile.
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2
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Kumar S, Li P, Malomed BA. One-dimensional Townes solitons in dual-core systems with localized coupling. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:024202. [PMID: 37723768 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.024202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The recent creation of Townes solitons (TSs) in binary Bose-Einstein condensates and experimental demonstration of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in solitons propagating in dual-core optical fibers has drawn renewed interest in the TS and SSB phenomenology in these and other settings. In particular, stabilization of TSs, which are always unstable in free space, is a relevant problem with various ramifications. We introduce a system which admits exact solutions for both TSs and SSB of solitons. It is based on a dual-core waveguide with quintic self-focusing and fused (localized) coupling between the cores. The respective system of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations gives rise to exact solutions for full families of symmetric and asymmetric solitons, which are produced by the supercritical SSB bifurcation (i.e., the symmetry-breaking phase transition of the second kind). Stability boundaries of asymmetric solitons are identified by dint of numerical methods. Unstable solitons spontaneously transform into robust moderately asymmetric breathers or strongly asymmetric states with small intrinsic oscillations. The setup can be used in the design of photonic devices operating in coupling and switching regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrughna Kumar
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, 030619, China
- Institute of Computational and Applied Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, Chile
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3
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Hong J, Wang C, Zhang Y. Instabilities of a Bose-Einstein condensate with mixed nonlinear and linear lattices. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:044219. [PMID: 37198863 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.044219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in periodic potentials generate interesting physics on the instabilities of Bloch states. The lowest-energy Bloch states of BECs in pure nonlinear lattices are dynamically and Landau unstable, which breaks down BEC superfluidity. In this paper we propose to use an out-of-phase linear lattice to stabilize them. The stabilization mechanism is revealed by the averaged interaction. We further incorporate a constant interaction into BECs with mixed nonlinear and linear lattices and reveal its effect on the instabilities of Bloch states in the lowest band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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4
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Sanz J, Frölian A, Chisholm CS, Cabrera CR, Tarruell L. Interaction Control and Bright Solitons in Coherently Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:013201. [PMID: 35061464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate fast control of the interatomic interactions in a Bose-Einstein condensate by coherently coupling two atomic states with intra- and interstate scattering lengths of opposite signs. We measure the elastic and inelastic scattering properties of the system and find good agreement with a theoretical model describing the interactions between dressed states. In the attractive regime, we observe the formation of bright solitons formed by dressed-state atoms. Finally, we study the response of the system to an interaction quench from repulsive to attractive values, and observe how the resulting modulational instability develops into a bright soliton train.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sanz
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - A Frölian
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - C S Chisholm
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - C R Cabrera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - L Tarruell
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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6
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Zhang R, Lv C, Yan Y, Zhou Q. Efimov-like states and quantum funneling effects on synthetic hyperbolic surfaces. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1967-1972. [PMID: 36654166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Engineering lattice models with tailored inter-site tunnelings and onsite energies could synthesize essentially arbitrary Riemannian surfaces with highly tunable local curvatures. Here, we point out that discrete synthetic Poincaré half-planes and Poincaré disks, which are created by lattices in flat planes, support infinitely degenerate eigenstates for any nonzero eigenenergies. Such Efimov-like states exhibit a discrete scaling symmetry and imply an unprecedented apparatus for studying quantum anomaly using hyperbolic surfaces. Furthermore, all eigenstates are exponentially localized in the hyperbolic coordinates, signifying the first example of quantum funneling effects in Hermitian systems. As such, any initial wave packet travels towards the edge of the Poincaré half-plane or its equivalent on the Poincaré disk, delivering an efficient scheme to harvest light and atoms in two dimensions. Our findings unfold the intriguing properties of hyperbolic spaces and suggest that Efimov states may be regarded as a projection from a curved space with an extra dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
| | - Chenwei Lv
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
| | - Yangqian Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA; Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA.
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7
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Abdullaev FK, Ögren M, Yuldashev JS. Matter waves in atomic-molecular condensates with Feshbach resonance management. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:024222. [PMID: 34525634 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.024222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of matter waves in the atomic to molecular condensate transition with a time-modulated atomic scattering length is investigated. Both the cases of rapid and slow modulations are studied. In the case of rapid modulations, the average over oscillations for the system is derived. The corresponding conditions for dynamical suppression of the association of atoms into the molecular field, or of second-harmonic generation in nonlinear optical systems, are obtained. For the case of slow modulations, we find resonant enhancement in the molecular field. We then illustrate chaos in the atomic-molecular BEC system. We suggest a sequential application of the two types of modulations, slow and rapid, when producing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kh Abdullaev
- Physical-Technical Institute, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, 100084 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.,Theoretical Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - M Ögren
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden.,Hellenic Mediterranean University, P.O. Box 1939, GR-71004 Heraklion, Greece
| | - J S Yuldashev
- Physical-Technical Institute, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, 100084 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.,Theoretical Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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8
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Di Carli A, Henderson G, Flannigan S, Colquhoun CD, Mitchell M, Oppo GL, Daley AJ, Kuhr S, Haller E. Collisionally Inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein Condensates with a Linear Interaction Gradient. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:183602. [PMID: 33196233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the evolution of a collisionally inhomogeneous matter wave in a spatial gradient of the interaction strength. Starting with a Bose-Einstein condensate with weak repulsive interactions in quasi-one-dimensional geometry, we monitor the evolution of a matter wave that simultaneously extends into spatial regions with attractive and repulsive interactions. We observe the formation and the decay of solitonlike density peaks, counterpropagating self-interfering wave packets, and the creation of cascades of solitons. The matter-wave dynamics is well reproduced in numerical simulations based on the nonpolynomial Schrödinger equation with three-body loss, allowing us to better understand the underlying behavior based on a wavelet transformation. Our analysis provides new understanding of collapse processes for solitons, and opens interesting connections to other nonlinear instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Carli
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Grant Henderson
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Flannigan
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Craig D Colquhoun
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Mitchell
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Gian-Luca Oppo
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Kuhr
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Elmar Haller
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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9
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Borish V, Marković O, Hines JA, Rajagopal SV, Schleier-Smith M. Transverse-Field Ising Dynamics in a Rydberg-Dressed Atomic Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:063601. [PMID: 32109106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of long-range Ising interactions in a cold gas of cesium atoms by Rydberg dressing. The interactions are enhanced by coupling to Rydberg states in the vicinity of a Förster resonance. We characterize the interactions by measuring the mean-field shift of the clock transition via Ramsey spectroscopy, observing one-axis twisting dynamics. We furthermore emulate a transverse-field Ising model by periodic application of a microwave field and detect dynamical signatures of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition. Our results highlight the power of optical addressing for achieving local and dynamical control of interactions, enabling prospects ranging from investigating Floquet quantum criticality to producing tunable-range spin squeezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Borish
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - O Marković
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J A Hines
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S V Rajagopal
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Schleier-Smith
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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10
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Zeng L, Zeng J, Kartashov YV, Malomed BA. Purely Kerr nonlinear model admitting flat-top solitons. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1206-1209. [PMID: 30821749 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We elaborate one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) models of media with self-repulsive cubic nonlinearity, whose local strength is subject to spatial modulation that admits the existence of flat-top solitons of various types, including fundamental ones, 1D multipoles, and 2D vortices. Previously, solitons of this type were only produced by models with competing nonlinearities. The present setting may be implemented in optics and Bose-Einstein condensates. The 1D version gives rise to an exact analytical solution for stable flat-top solitons, and generic families may be predicted by means of the Thomas-Fermi approximation. Stability of the obtained flat-top solitons is analyzed by means of the linear-stability analysis and direct simulations. Fundamental solitons and 1D multipoles with k=1 and 2 nodes, as well as vortices with winding number m=1, are completely stable. For multipoles with k≥3 and vortices with m≥2, alternating stripes of stability and instability are identified in their parameter spaces.
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11
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Arunkumar N, Jagannathan A, Thomas JE. Designer Spatial Control of Interactions in Ultracold Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:040405. [PMID: 30768333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Designer optical control of interactions in ultracold atomic gases has wide applications, from creating new quantum phases to modeling the physics of black holes. We demonstrate wide tunability and spatial control of interactions in a two-component cloud of ^{6}Li fermions, using electromagnetically induced transparency. With two control fields detuned ≃1.5 THz from atomic resonance, megahertz changes in the frequency of one optical beam tune the measured scattering length over the full range achieved by magnetic control, with negligible (10^{-6}) effect on the net optical confining potential. A 1D "sandwich" of resonantly and weakly interacting regions is imprinted on the trapped cloud and broadly manipulated with sub-MHz frequency changes. All of the data are in excellent agreement with our continuum-dressed state theoretical model of optical control, which includes both the spatial and momentum dependence of the scattering amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arunkumar
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - A Jagannathan
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J E Thomas
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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12
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Arunkumar N, Jagannathan A, Thomas JE. Probing Energy-Dependent Feshbach Resonances by Optical Control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:163404. [PMID: 30387628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.163404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical control enables new high resolution probes of narrow collisional (Feshbach) resonances, which are strongly dependent on the relative momentum of colliding atom pairs, and important for simulating neutron matter with ultracold atomic gases. We demonstrate a two-field optical vernier, which expands kHz (mG) magnetic field detunings near a narrow resonance into MHz optical field detunings, enabling precise control and characterization of the momentum-dependent scattering amplitude. Two-photon loss spectra are measured for the narrow resonance in ^{6}Li, revealing rich structure in very good agreement with our theoretical model. However, anomalous overall frequency shifts between the measured and predicted two-photon spectra are not yet explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arunkumar
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - A Jagannathan
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J E Thomas
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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13
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Li J, Cheng C, Paiva T, Lin HQ, Mondaini R. Giant Magnetoresistance in Hubbard Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:020403. [PMID: 30085764 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We use numerically unbiased methods to show that the one-dimensional Hubbard model with periodically distributed on-site interactions already contains the minimal ingredients to display the phenomenon of magnetoresistance; i.e., by applying an external magnetic field, a dramatic enhancement on the charge transport is achieved. We reach this conclusion based on the computation of the Drude weight and of the single-particle density of states, applying twisted boundary condition averaging to reduce finite-size effects. The known picture that describes the giant magnetoresistance, by interpreting the scattering amplitudes of parallel or antiparallel polarized currents with local magnetizations, is obtained without having to resort to different entities; itinerant and localized charges are indistinguishable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Thereza Paiva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68.528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rubem Mondaini
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Symmetry Breakings in Dual-Core Systems with Double-Spot Localization of Nonlinearity. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Hou J, Hu H, Sun K, Zhang C. Superfluid-Quasicrystal in a Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:060407. [PMID: 29481243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.060407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A quasicrystal is a class of ordered structures defying conventional classification of solid crystals and may carry classically forbidden (e.g., fivefold) rotational symmetries. In view of long-sought supersolids, a natural question is whether a superfluid can spontaneously form quasicrystalline order that is not possessed by the underlying Hamiltonian, forming "superfluid-quasicrystals." Here we show that a superfluid-quasicrystal stripe state with the minimal fivefold rotational symmetry can be realized as the ground state of a Bose-Einstein condensate within a practical experimental scheme. There exists a rich phase diagram consisting of various superfluid-quasicrystal, supersolid, and plane-wave phases. Our scheme can be generalized for generating other higher-order (e.g., sevenfold) quasicrystal states, and provides a platform for investigating such new exotic quantum matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Hou
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Haiping Hu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Kuei Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
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16
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Jachymski K, Wasak T, Idziaszek Z, Julienne PS, Negretti A, Calarco T. Single-Atom Transistor as a Precise Magnetic Field Sensor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:013401. [PMID: 29350943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Feshbach resonances, which allow for tuning the interactions of ultracold atoms with an external magnetic field, have been widely used to control the properties of quantum gases. We propose a scheme for using scattering resonances as a probe for external fields, showing that by carefully tuning the parameters it is possible to reach a 10^{-5} G (or nT) level of precision with a single pair of atoms. We show that, for our collisional setup, it is possible to saturate the quantum precision bound with a simple measurement protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Jachymski
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technologies (IQST), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tomasz Wasak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Idziaszek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Antonio Negretti
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Calarco
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technologies (IQST), Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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17
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Potirniche ID, Potter AC, Schleier-Smith M, Vishwanath A, Yao NY. Floquet Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases in Cold-Atom Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:123601. [PMID: 29341658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze two distinct routes toward realizing interacting symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases via periodic driving. First, we demonstrate that a driven transverse-field Ising model can be used to engineer complex interactions which enable the emulation of an equilibrium SPT phase. This phase remains stable only within a parametric time scale controlled by the driving frequency, beyond which its topological features break down. To overcome this issue, we consider an alternate route based upon realizing an intrinsically Floquet SPT phase that does not have any equilibrium analog. In both cases, we show that disorder, leading to many-body localization, prevents runaway heating and enables the observation of coherent quantum dynamics at high energy densities. Furthermore, we clarify the distinction between the equilibrium and Floquet SPT phases by identifying a unique micromotion-based entanglement spectrum signature of the latter. Finally, we propose a unifying implementation in a one-dimensional chain of Rydberg-dressed atoms and show that protected edge modes are observable on realistic experimental time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-D Potirniche
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A C Potter
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M Schleier-Smith
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Vishwanath
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - N Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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18
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Zeng J, Malomed BA. Localized dark solitons and vortices in defocusing media with spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearity. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:052214. [PMID: 28618638 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.052214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that defocusing cubic nonlinearity with local strength growing from the center to the periphery faster than r^{D}, in space of dimension D with radial coordinate r, supports a vast variety of robust bright solitons. In the framework of the same model, but with a weaker spatial-growth rate ∼r^{α} with α≤D, we test here the possibility to create stable localized continuous waves (LCWs) in one-dimensional (1D) and 2D geometries, localized dark solitons (LDSs) in one dimension, and localized dark vortices (LDVs) in two dimensions, which are all realized as loosely confined states with a divergent norm. Asymptotic tails of the solutions, which determine the divergence of the norm, are constructed in a universal analytical form by means of the Thomas-Fermi approximation (TFA). Global approximations for the LCWs, LDSs, and LDVs are constructed on the basis of interpolations between analytical approximations available far from (TFA) and close to the center. In particular, the interpolations for the 1D LDS, as well as for the 2D LDVs, are based on a deformed-tanh expression, which is suggested by the usual 1D dark-soliton solution. The analytical interpolations produce very accurate results, in comparison with numerical findings, for the 1D and 2D LCWs, 1D LDSs, and 2D LDVs with vorticity S=1. In addition to the 1D fundamental LDSs with the single notch and 2D vortices with S=1, higher-order LDSs with multiple notches are found too, as well as double LDVs, with S=2. Stability regions for the modes under consideration are identified by means of systematic simulations, the LCWs being completely stable in one and two dimensions, as they are ground states in the corresponding settings. Basic evolution scenarios are identified for those vortices that are unstable. The settings considered in this work may be implemented in nonlinear optics and in Bose-Einstein condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Laboratory of Nonlinear-Optical Informatics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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19
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Kao W, Tang Y, Burdick NQ, Lev BL. Anisotropic dependence of tune-out wavelength near Dy 741-nm transition. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:3411-3419. [PMID: 28241555 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.003411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of a tune-out wavelength for ground-state bosonic Dy and linearly polarized light. The tune-out wavelength is measured as a detuning from the nearby narrow-line 741-nm transition in 162Dy, and is the wavelength at which the total Stark shift of the ground state vanishes. We find that it strongly depends on the relative angle between the optical field and quantization axis due to Dy's large tensor polarizability. This anisotropy provides a wide, 22-GHz tunability of the tune-out frequency for linearly polarized light, in contrast to Rb and Cs whose near-infrared tune-out wavelengths do not exhibit large anisotropy. The measurements of the total light shift are performed by measuring the contrast of multipulse Kapitza-Dirac diffraction. The calculated wavelengths are within a few GHz of the measured values using known Dy electronic transition data. The lack of hyperfine structure in bosonic Dy implies that the tune-out wavelengths for the other bosonic Dy isotopes should be related to this 162Dy measurement by the known isotope shifts.
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20
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Ding Y, Pérez-Ríos J, Greene CH. Effective Atom-Molecule Conversions Using Radio Frequency Fields. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3756-3763. [PMID: 27509888 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present study is inspired by the Wieman group experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 190404], in which they use a slow modulated magnetic field to effectively transfer rubidium atoms into cold molecules near a Feshbach resonance. We develop a time-dependent collision theory based on two channel model potentials to study the atom-molecule population transfer induced by a single-color radio frequency field in an ultracold 87 Rb gas. Wave-packet dynamical simulations allow an investigation of both bound-bound transitions and free-bound transitions. The effects of temperature, detuning and the RF amplitude on the population transfer are discussed in detail. Some of our simulations suggest that oscillatory atom-molecule conversion could originate from the long coherence time of the wave packet. This coherence time is unusually long in ultracold gases because the collision energy is typically quite well-defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijue Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jesús Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Quantum Center, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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21
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Sakaguchi H, Sherman EY, Malomed BA. Vortex solitons in two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates: Effects of the Rashba-Dresselhaus coupling and Zeeman splitting. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:032202. [PMID: 27739749 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.032202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an analysis of two-dimensional (2D) matter-wave solitons, governed by the pseudospinor system of Gross-Pitaevskii equations with self- and cross attraction, which includes the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the general Rashba-Dresselhaus form, and, separately, the Rashba coupling and the Zeeman splitting. Families of semivortex (SV) and mixed-mode (MM) solitons are constructed, which exist and are stable in free space, as the SOC terms prevent the onset of the critical collapse and create the otherwise missing ground states in the form of the solitons. The Dresselhaus SOC produces a destructive effect on the vortex solitons, while the Zeeman term tends to convert the MM states into the SV ones, which eventually suffer delocalization. Existence domains and stability boundaries are identified for the soliton families. For physically relevant parameters of the SOC system, the number of atoms in the 2D solitons is limited by ∼1.5×10^{4}. The results are obtained by means of combined analytical and numerical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - E Ya Sherman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 48940 Bilbao, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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22
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Meinert F, Mark MJ, Lauber K, Daley AJ, Nägerl HC. Floquet Engineering of Correlated Tunneling in the Bose-Hubbard Model with Ultracold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:205301. [PMID: 27258874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.205301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental implementation of tunable occupation-dependent tunneling in a Bose-Hubbard system of ultracold atoms via time-periodic modulation of the on-site interaction energy. The tunneling rate is inferred from a time-resolved measurement of the lattice site occupation after a quantum quench. We demonstrate coherent control of the tunneling dynamics in the correlated many-body system, including full suppression of tunneling as predicted within the framework of Floquet theory. We find that the tunneling rate explicitly depends on the atom number difference in neighboring lattice sites. Our results may open up ways to realize artificial gauge fields that feature density dependence with ultracold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meinert
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M J Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Lauber
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A J Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - H-C Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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23
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Ott H. Single atom detection in ultracold quantum gases: a review of current progress. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:054401. [PMID: 27093632 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/5/054401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in single atom detection and manipulation in experiments with ultracold quantum gases are reviewed. The discussion starts with the basic principles of trapping, cooling and detecting single ions and atoms. The realization of single atom detection in ultracold quantum gases is presented in detail and the employed methods, which are based on light scattering, electron scattering, field ionization and direct neutral particle detection are discussed. The microscopic coherent manipulation of single atoms in a quantum gas is also covered. Various examples are given in order to highlight the power of these approaches to study many-body quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Ott
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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24
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Jagannathan A, Arunkumar N, Joseph JA, Thomas JE. Optical Control of Magnetic Feshbach Resonances by Closed-Channel Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:075301. [PMID: 26943542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.075301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We control magnetic Feshbach resonances in an optically trapped mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states of a ^{6}Li Fermi gas, using two optical fields to create a dark state in the closed molecular channel. In the experiments, the narrow Feshbach resonance is tuned by up to 3 G. For the broad resonance, the spontaneous lifetime is increased to 0.4 s at the dark-state resonance, compared to 0.5 ms for single-field tuning. We present a new model of light-induced loss spectra, employing continuum-dressed basis states, which agrees in shape and magnitude with loss measurements for both broad and narrow resonances. Using this model, we predict the trade-off between tunability and loss for the broad resonance in ^{6}Li, showing that our two-field method substantially reduces the two-body loss rate compared to single-field methods for the same tuning range.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jagannathan
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - N Arunkumar
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J A Joseph
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J E Thomas
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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25
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Chen H, Liu XJ, Xie XC. Chern Kondo Insulator in an Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:046401. [PMID: 26871345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose to realize and observe Chern Kondo insulators in an optical superlattice with laser-assisted s and p orbital hybridization and a synthetic gauge field, which can be engineered based on the recent cold atom experiments. Considering a double-well square optical lattice, the localized s orbitals are decoupled from itinerant p bands and are driven into a Mott insulator due to the strong Hubbard interaction. Raman laser beams are then applied to induce tunnelings between s and p orbitals, and generate a staggered flux simultaneously. Because of the strong Hubbard interaction of s orbital states, we predict the existence of a critical Raman laser-assisted coupling, beyond which the Kondo screening is achieved, and then a fully gapped Chern Kondo phase emerges, with the topology characterized by integer Chern numbers. Being a strongly correlated topological state, the Chern Kondo phase is different from the single-particle quantum anomalous Hall state, and can be identified by measuring the band topology and double occupancy of s orbitals. The experimental realization and detection of the predicted Chern Kondo insulator are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- International Center for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiong-Jun Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X C Xie
- International Center for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
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