1
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Chen JL, He DY, Wang ZH, Wang S, Ding WJ, Geng JQ, Yin ZQ, Chen W, Fan-Yuan GJ, Guo GC, Han ZF. Stable and wavelength-tunable multiwavelength laser for high-rate measurement device independent quantum key distribution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:063002. [PMID: 38860831 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) has attracted growing attention for its immunity to attacks at the measurement unit, but its unique structure limits the secret key rate. Utilizing the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique and reducing error rates are effective strategies for enhancing the secret key rate. Reducing error rates often requires active feedback control of wavelengths using precise external references. However, for a multiwavelength laser, employing multiple references to stabilize each wavelength output places stringent demands on these references and significantly increases system complexity. Here, we demonstrate a stable, wavelength-tunable multiwavelength laser with an output wavelength ranging from 1270 to 1610 nm. Through precise temperature control and stable drive current, we passively lock the laser wavelength, achieving remarkable wavelength stability. This significantly reduce the error rate, leading to an almost doubling of the secret key rate compared to previous experiments. Furthermore, the exceptional wavelength stability offered by our multiwavelength laser, combined with the WDM technique, has further boosted the secret key rate of MDI QKD. With a wide wavelength tuning range of 5.1 nm, our multiwavelength laser facilitates flexible operation across multiple dense wavelength division multiplexing channels. Coupled with high wavelength stability and multiple wavelength outputs simultaneously, this laser offers a promising solution for a high-rate MDI QKD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - De-Yong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Ze-Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jia-Qi Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Zheng-Fu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
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2
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Lu FY, Wang ZH, Zapatero V, Chen JL, Wang S, Yin ZQ, Curty M, He DY, Wang R, Chen W, Fan-Yuan GJ, Guo GC, Han ZF. Experimental Demonstration of Fully Passive Quantum Key Distribution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:110802. [PMID: 37774301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The passive approach to quantum key distribution (QKD) consists of removing all active modulation from the users' devices, a highly desirable countermeasure to get rid of modulator side channels. Nevertheless, active modulation has not been completely removed in QKD systems so far, due to both theoretical and practical limitations. In this Letter, we present a fully passive time-bin encoding QKD system and report on the successful implementation of a modulator-free QKD link. According to the latest theoretical analysis, our prototype is capable of delivering competitive secret key rates in the finite key regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yu Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Víctor Zapatero
- Vigo Quantum Communication Center, University of Vigo, Vigo E-36310, Spain
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Vigo, Vigo E-36310, Spain
- AtlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo, Vigo E-36310, Spain
| | - Jia-Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Marcos Curty
- Vigo Quantum Communication Center, University of Vigo, Vigo E-36310, Spain
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Vigo, Vigo E-36310, Spain
- AtlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo, Vigo E-36310, Spain
| | - De-Yong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Fu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ding HJ, Ma X, Liu JY, Zhang CH, Zhou XY, Wang Q. Boosting the performance of loss-tolerant measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2797-2800. [PMID: 37262213 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution can remove all possible detector side channels, and is robust against state preparation flaws when further combined with the loss-tolerant method. However, the secure key rate in this scenario is relatively low, thus hindering its practical application. Here, we first present a four-intensity decoy-state protocol where the signal intensity is modulated only in Z basis for key generation while the decoy intensities are modulated in both Z and X bases for parameter estimation. Moreover, we adopt collective constraint and joint-study strategy in statistical fluctuation analysis. We have also experimentally demonstrated this protocol and the result indicates high performance and good security for practical applications.
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4
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Jiang XL, Wang Y, Li JJ, Lu YF, Hao CP, Zhou C, Bao WS. Improving the performance of reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with advantage distillation technology. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9196-9210. [PMID: 37157494 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-QKD) has the advantage of tolerating reference frames that slowly vary. It can generate secure keys between two remote users with slowly drifted and unknown reference frames. However, the drift of reference frames may inevitably compromise the performance of QKD systems. In the paper, we employ the advantage distillation technology (ADT) to the RFI-QKD and the RFI measurement-device-independent QKD (RFI MDI-QKD), and we then analyze the effect of ADT on the performance of decoy-state RFI-QKD and RFI MDI-QKD in both asymptotic and nonasymptotic cases. The simulation results show that ADT can significantly improve the maximum transmission distance and the maximum tolerable background error rate. Furthermore, the performance of RFI-QKD and RFI MDI-QKD in terms of the secret key rate and maximum transmission distance are still greatly improved when statistical fluctuations are taken into account. Our work combines the merits of the ADT and RFI-QKD protocols, which further enhances the robustness and practicability of QKD systems.
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5
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Gu J, Cao XY, Fu Y, He ZW, Yin ZJ, Yin HL, Chen ZB. Experimental measurement-device-independent type quantum key distribution with flawed and correlated sources. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:2167-2175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Wang ZH, Wang S, Fan-Yuan GJ, Lu FY, Yin ZQ, Chen W, He DY, Guo GC, Han ZF. Afterpulse effect in measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:28534-28549. [PMID: 36299046 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is no doubt that measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is a crucial protocol that is immune to all possible detector side channel attacks. In the preparation phase, a simulation model is usually employed to get a set of optimized parameters, which is utilized for getting a higher secure key rate in reality. With the implementation of high-speed QKD, the afterpulse effect which is an intrinsic characteristic of the single-photon avalanche photodiode is no longer ignorable, this will lead to a great deviation compared with the existing analytical model. Here we develop an afterpulse-compatible MDI-QKD model to get the optimized parameters. Our results indicate that by using our afterpulse-compatible model, we can get a much higher key rate than the prior afterpulse-omitted model. It is significant to take the afterpulse effect into consideration because of the improvement of the system working frequency.
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7
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Ding HJ, Zhou XY, Zhang CH, Li J, Wang Q. Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with insecure sources. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:665-668. [PMID: 35103698 DOI: 10.1364/ol.447234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can remove all detection side channels but still makes additional assumptions on sources that can be compromised through uncharacterized side channels in practice. Here, we combine a recently proposed reference technique to prove the security of MDI-QKD against possible source imperfections and/or side channels. This requires some reference states and an upper bound on the parameter that describes the quality of the sources. With this formalism we investigate the asymptotic performance of single-photon sources, and the results show that the side channels have a great impact on the key rates.
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8
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Zhou XY, Ding HJ, Zhang CH, Li J, Zhang CM, Wang Q. Experimental three-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with uncharacterized sources. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4176-4179. [PMID: 32735252 DOI: 10.1364/ol.398993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) removes all detector side-channel attacks and guarantees a promising way for remote secret keys sharing. Several proof-of-principal experiments have been demonstrated to show its security and practicality. However, these practical implementations demand mostly, for example, perfect state preparation or completely characterized sources to ensure security, which are difficult to realize with prior art. Here, we investigate a three-state MDI-QKD using uncharacterized sources, with the simple requirement that the encoding state is bidimensional, which eliminates security threats from both the source flaws and detection loopholes. As a demonstration, a proof-of-principal experiment over 170 km transmission distance based on Faraday-Michelson interferometers is achieved, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the longest transmission distance recorded under the same security level.
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9
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Xu H, Hu XL, Feng XL, Wang XB. Hybrid protocol for sending-or-not-sending twin-field quantum key distribution. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4120-4123. [PMID: 32735238 DOI: 10.1364/ol.399137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a hybrid protocol for sending-or-not-sending (SNS) twin-field quantum key distribution: replacing the signal source by heralded single-photon source (HSPS) in the original SNS protocol, while decoy sources are still unchanged. Numerical simulation shows that after adopting this HSPS, the performance in key rate and secure distance is much improved.
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10
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Lee D, Hong S, Cho YW, Lim HT, Han SW, Jung H, Moon S, Lee KJ, Kim YS. Reference-frame-independent, measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution using fewer quantum states. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2624-2627. [PMID: 32356832 DOI: 10.1364/ol.389440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-QKD) provides a practical way to generate secret keys between two remote parties without sharing common reference frames. On the other hand, measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD) offers a high level of security, as it is immune to all quantum hacking attempts to measurement devices. The combination of these two QKD protocols, i.e., RFI-MDI-QKD, is one of the most fascinating QKD protocols, since it holds advantages of both practicality and security. For further practicality of RFI-MDI-QKD, it is beneficial to reduce the implementation complexity. Here, we show that RFI-MDI-QKD can be implemented using fewer quantum states than those of its original proposal. We find that, in principle, the number of quantum states for one of the parties can be reduced from six to three without compromising security. Compared to conventional RFI-MDI-QKD where both parties transmit six quantum states, it significantly simplifies the implementation of the QKD protocol. We also verify the feasibility of the scheme with a proof-of-principle experiment.
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11
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Li YP, Chen W, Wang FX, Yin ZQ, Zhang L, Liu H, Wang S, He DY, Zhou Z, Guo GC, Han ZF. Experimental realization of a reference-frame-independent decoy BB84 quantum key distribution based on Sagnac interferometer. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4523-4526. [PMID: 31517921 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD) can generate secure key bits between remote users employing the features of quantum physics. However, a shared reference frame is necessary for QKD systems in most scenarios. A reference-frame-independent (RFI) scheme can tolerate the reference frame drifting between legitimate remote users, which is significant in the operation of relative moving terminals such as satellites and aircraft. We design and experimentally demonstrate an RFI-BB84-QKD system by joint encoding with the polarization and orbital angular momentum states of the photons. We use self-compensating fiber Sagnac interferometers to perform high-speed polarization modulation, and q-plates to passively manipulate the rotation-invariant photon states, which makes the system feasible for high-speed operation using off-the-shelf components.
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12
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Liu H, Wang W, Wei K, Fang XT, Li L, Liu NL, Liang H, Zhang SJ, Zhang W, Li H, You L, Wang Z, Lo HK, Chen TY, Xu F, Pan JW. Experimental Demonstration of High-Rate Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution over Asymmetric Channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:160501. [PMID: 31075015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.160501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate all detector side channels and it is practical with current technology. Previous implementations of MDI-QKD all used two symmetric channels with similar losses. However, the secret key rate is severely limited when different channels have different losses. Here we report the results of the first high-rate MDI-QKD experiment over asymmetric channels. By using the recent 7-intensity optimization approach, we demonstrate>10×higher key rate than the previous best-known protocols for MDI-QKD in the situation of large channel asymmetry, and extend the secure transmission distance by more than 20-50 km in standard telecom fiber. The results have moved MDI-QKD towards widespread applications in practical network settings, where the channel losses are asymmetric and user nodes could be dynamically added or deleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC), Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Kejin Wei
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tian Fang
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liang
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lixing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hoi-Kwong Lo
- Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC), Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Teng-Yun Chen
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Feihu Xu
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhang CM, Wang WB, Li HW, Wang Q. Weak randomness impacts the security of reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1226-1229. [PMID: 30821754 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfect randomness is of great significance in various quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. In this Letter, we investigate the effect of weak randomness on the state preparation in reference-frame-independent QKD (RFI-QKD), which may be implemented with imperfect random numbers or quantum-state encoding devices. In the scenario of weak randomness, the maximal amount of information the eavesdropper can acquire should be carefully evaluated. With practical experimental parameters, we demonstrate that even a small proportion of weak randomness will impact the security of RFI-QKD seriously. Furthermore, we briefly study the side effect of weak randomness on RFI measurement-device-independent QKD (RFI-MDI-QKD), and simulation results show that weak randomness damages the performance of RFI-MDI-QKD more critically than that of RFI-QKD.
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14
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Yin HL, Fu Y. Measurement-Device-Independent Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3045. [PMID: 30816262 PMCID: PMC6395703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate aim of quantum key distribution (QKD) is improving the transmission distance and key generation speed. Unfortunately, it is believed to be limited by the secret-key capacity of quantum channel without quantum repeater. Recently, a novel twin-field QKD (TF-QKD) is proposed to break through the limit, where the key rate is proportional to the square-root of channel transmittance. Here, by using the vacuum and one-photon state as a qubit, we show that the TF-QKD can be regarded as a measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD) with single-photon Bell state measurement. Therefore, the MDI property of TF-QKD can be understood clearly. Importantly, the universal security proof theories can be directly used for TF-QKD, such as BB84 encoding, six-state encoding and reference-frame-independent scheme. Furthermore, we propose a feasible experimental scheme for the proof-of-principle experimental demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lei Yin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics and ZJU-Phoenix Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics and ZJU-Phoenix Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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15
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Yin HL, Zhu W, Fu Y. Phase self-aligned continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:49. [PMID: 30631116 PMCID: PMC6328570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous-variable measurement-independent-device quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) can offer high secure key rate at metropolitan distance and remove all side channel loopholes of detection as well. However, there is no in-field experimental demonstration of CV-MDI-QKD due to the remote distance phase-locking techniques challenge. Here, we present a new optical scheme to overcome this difficulty and also removes the requirement of two identical independent lasers. Furthermore, we give an alternate but detailed proof of the minimized key rate condition to extract the secure key rate. We anticipate that our new scheme can be used to demonstrate the in-field CV-MDI-QKD experiment and build the CV-MDI-QKD network with untrusted source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lei Yin
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics and ZJU-Phoenix Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics and ZJU-Phoenix Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics and ZJU-Phoenix Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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16
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Hu XL, Cao Y, Yu ZW, Wang XB. Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution over asymmetric channel and unstable channel. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17634. [PMID: 30518943 PMCID: PMC6281621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that a high key rate of Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (MDIQKD) over asymmetric and unstable quantum channel can be obtained by full optimization and compensation. Employing a gradient optimization method, we make the full optimization taking both the global optimization for the 12 independent parameters and the joint constraints for statistical fluctuations. We present a loss-compensation method by monitoring the channel loss for an unstable channel. The numerical simulation shows that the method can produce high key rate for both the asymmetric channel and the unstable channel. Compared with the existing results of independent constraints, our result here improves the key rate by 1 to tens of times in typical experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cao
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Exellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Zong-Wen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Data Communication Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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17
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Zhang Q, Xu F, Chen YA, Peng CZ, Pan JW. Large scale quantum key distribution: challenges and solutions [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:24260-24273. [PMID: 30184911 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.024260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD) together with one time pad encoding can provide information-theoretical security for communication. Currently, though QKD has been widely deployed in many metropolitan fiber networks, its implementation in a large scale remains experimentally challenging. This letter provides a brief review on the experimental efforts towards the goal of global QKD, including the security of practical QKD with imperfect devices, QKD metropolitan and backbone networks over optical fiber and satellite-based QKD over free space.
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18
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Wang R, Yin ZQ, Wang S, Chen W, Guo GC, Han ZF. Round-robin-differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution with monitoring signal disturbance. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4228-4231. [PMID: 30160758 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, round-robin-differential-phase-shift (RRDPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) has attracted great attention for its unique characteristics, i.e., the information leakage can be bounded without learning bit error rate. Though the RRDPS QKD has made a breakthrough, it is still a question of how RRDPS will perform with monitoring signal disturbance, e.g., decoy-state and error rate statistics are both used. Here, we present simulations to study RRDPS protocol while monitoring signal disturbance. To our excitement, when using the infinite decoy-states method, RRDPS protocol can outperform the commonly used Bennett and Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol in terms of channel length under typical experimental parameters. In the case of finite decoy states, we find that only two decoy-states and one signal state are sufficient to obtain performance very close to the infinite decoy-states case. Our simulations prove that RRDPS is a competitive protocol in real-life situations.
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19
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Mao CC, Zhou XY, Zhu JR, Zhang CH, Zhang CM, Wang Q. Improved statistical fluctuation analysis for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with four-intensity decoy-state method. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13289-13300. [PMID: 29801354 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently Zhang et al [ Phys. Rev. A95, 012333 (2017)] developed a new approach to estimate the failure probability for the decoy-state BB84 QKD system when taking finite-size key effect into account, which offers security comparable to Chernoff bound, while results in an improved key rate and transmission distance. Based on Zhang et al's work, now we extend this approach to the case of the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), and for the first time implement it onto the four-intensity decoy-state MDI-QKD system. Moreover, through utilizing joint constraints and collective error-estimation techniques, we can obviously increase the performance of practical MDI-QKD systems compared with either three- or four-intensity decoy-state MDI-QKD using Chernoff bound analysis, and achieve much higher level security compared with those applying Gaussian approximation analysis.
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20
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Zhang CH, Zhang CM, Guo GC, Wang Q. Biased three-intensity decoy-state scheme on the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution using heralded single-photon sources. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:4219-4229. [PMID: 29475274 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At present, most of the measurement-device-independent quantum key distributions (MDI-QKD) are based on weak coherent sources and limited in the transmission distance under realistic experimental conditions, e.g., considering the finite-size-key effects. Hence in this paper, we propose a new biased decoy-state scheme using heralded single-photon sources for the three-intensity MDI-QKD, where we prepare the decoy pulses only in X basis and adopt both the collective constraints and joint parameter estimation techniques. Compared with former schemes with WCS or HSPS, after implementing full parameter optimizations, our scheme gives distinct reduced quantum bit error rate in the X basis and thus show excellent performance, especially when the data size is relatively small.
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21
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Ding YY, Chen H, Wang S, He DY, Yin ZQ, Chen W, Zhou Z, Guo GC, Han ZF. Polarization variations in installed fibers and their influence on quantum key distribution systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:27923-27936. [PMID: 29092260 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.027923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polarization variations in the installed fibers are complex and volatile, and would severely affect the performances of polarization-sensitive quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Based on the recorded data about polarization variations of different installed fibers, we establish an analytical methodology to quantitatively evaluate the influence of polarization variations on polarization-sensitive QKD systems. Using the increased quantum bit error rate induced by polarization variations as a key criteria, we propose two parameters - polarization drift time and required tracking speed - to characterize polarization variations. For field buried and aerial fibers with different length, we quantitatively evaluate the influence of polarization variations, and also provide requirements and suggestions for polarization basis alignment modules of QKD systems deployed in different kind of fibers.
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22
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Ding YY, Chen W, Chen H, Wang C, Li YP, Wang S, Yin ZQ, Guo GC, Han ZF. Polarization-basis tracking scheme for quantum key distribution using revealed sifted key bits. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1023-1026. [PMID: 28295082 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The calibration of the polarization basis between the transmitter and receiver is an important task in quantum key distribution. A continuously working polarization-basis tracking scheme (PBTS) will effectively promote the efficiency of the system and reduce the potential security risk when switching between the transmission and calibration modes. Here, we proposed a single-photon level continuously working PBTS using only sifted key bits revealed during an error correction procedure, without introducing additional reference light or interrupting the transmission of quantum signals. We applied the scheme to a polarization-encoding BB84 QKD system in a 50 km fiber channel, and obtained an average quantum bit error rate (QBER) of 2.32% and a standard derivation of 0.87% during 24 h of continuous operation. The stable and relatively low QBER validates the effectiveness of the scheme.
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23
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Loss-tolerant measurement-device-independent quantum private queries. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39733. [PMID: 28051101 PMCID: PMC5209688 DOI: 10.1038/srep39733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum private queries (QPQ) is an important cryptography protocol aiming to protect both the user’s and database’s privacy when the database is queried privately. Recently, a variety of practical QPQ protocols based on quantum key distribution (QKD) have been proposed. However, for QKD-based QPQ the user’s imperfect detectors can be subjected to some detector- side-channel attacks launched by the dishonest owner of the database. Here, we present a simple example that shows how the detector-blinding attack can damage the security of QKD-based QPQ completely. To remove all the known and unknown detector side channels, we propose a solution of measurement-device-independent QPQ (MDI-QPQ) with single- photon sources. The security of the proposed protocol has been analyzed under some typical attacks. Moreover, we prove that its security is completely loss independent. The results show that practical QPQ will remain the same degree of privacy as before even with seriously uncharacterized detectors.
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24
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Wang C, Wang S, Yin ZQ, Chen W, Li HW, Zhang CM, Ding YY, Guo GC, Han ZF. Experimental measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with uncharacterized encoding. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:5596-5599. [PMID: 27906248 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) is an efficient way to share secrets using untrusted measurement devices. However, the assumption on the characterizations of encoding states is still necessary in this promising protocol, which may lead to unnecessary complexity and potential loopholes in realistic implementations. Here, by using the mismatched-basis statistics, we present the first proof-of-principle experiment of MDI QKD with uncharacterized encoding sources. In this demonstration, the encoded states are only required to be constrained in a two-dimensional Hilbert space, and two distant parties (Alice and Bob) are resistant to state preparation flaws even if they have no idea about the detailed information of their encoding states. The positive final secure key rates of our system exhibit the feasibility of this novel protocol, and demonstrate its value for the application of secure communication with uncharacterized devices.
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25
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Yin HL, Chen TY, Yu ZW, Liu H, You LX, Zhou YH, Chen SJ, Mao Y, Huang MQ, Zhang WJ, Chen H, Li MJ, Nolan D, Zhou F, Jiang X, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Wang XB, Pan JW. Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Over a 404 km Optical Fiber. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:190501. [PMID: 27858431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.190501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) with the decoy-state method negates security threats of both the imperfect single-photon source and detection losses. Lengthening the distance and improving the key rate of quantum key distribution (QKD) are vital issues in practical applications of QKD. Herein, we report the results of MDIQKD over 404 km of ultralow-loss optical fiber and 311 km of a standard optical fiber while employing an optimized four-intensity decoy-state method. This record-breaking implementation of the MDIQKD method not only provides a new distance record for both MDIQKD and all types of QKD systems but also, more significantly, achieves a distance that the traditional Bennett-Brassard 1984 QKD would not be able to achieve with the same detection devices even with ideal single-photon sources. This work represents a significant step toward proving and developing feasible long-distance QKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lei Yin
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Teng-Yun Chen
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zong-Wen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Data Communication Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li-Xing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yi-Heng Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Si-Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yingqiu Mao
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming-Qi Huang
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, USA
| | - Ming Jun Li
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, USA
| | - Daniel Nolan
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, USA
| | - Fei Zhou
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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26
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Zhang YY, Bao WS, Zhou C, Li HW, Wang Y, Jiang MS. Practical round-robin differential phase-shift quantum key distribution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:20763-20773. [PMID: 27607679 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.020763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a novel protocol named round-robin differential phase-shift (RRDPS) quantum key distribution [Nature 509, 475(2014)] has been proposed. It can estimate information leakage without monitoring bit error rate. In this paper, we study the performance of RRDPS using heralded single photon source (HSPS) without and with decoy-state method, then compare it with the performance of weak coherent pulses (WCPs). From numerical simulation, we can see that HSPS performs better especially for shorter packet and higher bit error rate. Moreover, we propose a general theory of decoy-state method for RRDPS protocol based on only three decoy states and one signal state. Taking WCPs as an example, the three-intensity decoy-state protocol can distribute secret keys over a distance of 128 km when the length of pulses packet is 32, which confirms great practical interest of our method.
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27
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Comandar LC, Lucamarini M, Fröhlich B, Dynes JF, Yuan ZL, Shields AJ. Near perfect mode overlap between independently seeded, gain-switched lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:17849-17859. [PMID: 27505752 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.017849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We drastically improve the mode overlap between independently seeded, gain-switched laser diodes operating at gigahertz repetition rates by implementing a pulsed light seeding technique. Injecting pulsed light reduces the emission time jitter and enables frequency chirp synchronization while maintaining random optical phases of the emitted laser pulses. We measure interference of these pulsed sources both in the macroscopic regime, where we demonstrate near perfect mode overlap, and in the single photon regime, where we achieve a Hong-Ou-Mandel dip visibility of 0.499 ± 0.004, thus saturating the theoretical limit of 0.5. The measurement results are reproduced by Monte-Carlo simulations with no free parameters. Our light source is an ideal solution for generation of high rate, indistinguishable coherent pulses for quantum information applications.
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28
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Hwang WY, Su HY, Bae J. N-dimensional measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with N + 1 un-characterized sources: zero quantum-bit-error-rate case. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30036. [PMID: 27452275 PMCID: PMC4958947 DOI: 10.1038/srep30036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study N-dimensional measurement-device-independent quantum-key-distribution protocol where one checking state is used. Only assuming that the checking state is a superposition of other N sources, we show that the protocol is secure in zero quantum-bit-error-rate case, suggesting possibility of the protocol. The method may be applied in other quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Hwang
- Department of Physics Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Yi Su
- Department of Physics Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Bae
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hanyang University (ERICA), Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
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29
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Wang J, Qin X, Jiang Y, Wang X, Chen L, Zhao F, Wei Z, Zhang Z. Experimental demonstration of polarization encoding quantum key distribution system based on intrinsically stable polarization-modulated units. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:8302-8309. [PMID: 27137268 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.008302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A proof-of-principle demonstration of a one-way polarization encoding quantum key distribution (QKD) system is demonstrated. This approach can automatically compensate for birefringence and phase drift. This is achieved by constructing intrinsically stable polarization-modulated units (PMUs) to perform the encoding and decoding, which can be used with four-state protocol, six-state protocol, and the measurement-device-independent (MDI) scheme. A polarization extinction ratio of about 30 dB was maintained for several hours over a 50 km optical fiber without any adjustments to our setup, which evidences its potential for use in practical applications.
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