1
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Carr Delgado H, Moradifar P, Chinn G, Levin CS, Dionne JA. Toward "super-scintillation" with nanomaterials and nanophotonics. NANOPHOTONICS 2024; 13:1953-1962. [PMID: 38745841 PMCID: PMC11090085 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Following the discovery of X-rays, scintillators are commonly used as high-energy radiation sensors in diagnostic medical imaging, high-energy physics, astrophysics, environmental radiation monitoring, and security inspections. Conventional scintillators face intrinsic limitations including a low extraction efficiency of scintillated light and a low emission rate, leading to efficiencies that are less than 10 % for commercial scintillators. Overcoming these limitations will require new materials including scintillating nanomaterials ("nanoscintillators"), as well as new photonic approaches that increase the efficiency of the scintillation process, increase the emission rate of materials, and control the directivity of the scintillated light. In this perspective, we describe emerging nanoscintillating materials and three nanophotonic platforms: (i) plasmonic nanoresonators, (ii) photonic crystals, and (iii) high-Q metasurfaces that could enable high performance scintillators. We further discuss how a combination of nanoscintillators and photonic structures can yield a "super scintillator" enabling ultimate spatio-temporal resolution while enabling a significant boost in the extracted scintillation emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish Carr Delgado
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Parivash Moradifar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Garry Chinn
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Craig S. Levin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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2
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Kang M, Chen J. Pseudo coherent-perfect-absorption approach toward perfect polarization conversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:13357-13368. [PMID: 38859308 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Polarization is one of the essential properties of light. Thereby, its manipulation is important for numerous applications. When employing a resonance in a mirror-symmetry system to manipulate polarization, non-zero residual light in the excited polarization channel leads to the shrink in the scope of the polarization manipulation, and a perfect polarization conversion cannot occur. In this work we show that the concept of coherent perfect absorption can be applied to perfect polarization conversion for circular polarization states. We find that the only requirement to achieve a perfect polarization conversion is that the working frequency is the resonant one. More importantly, the range of the output polarization states can be efficiently enlarged, and can span the entire Poincare sphere by combining the momentum dependent radiative coupling rate driven by the bound states in the continuum (BIC) and the phase delay. When applied to realistic design, we adopt a guided mode resonance driven from the symmetry protected BICs in a dielectric photonic crystal slab. Numerical results are in good agreements with our theoretical predictions. We believe this work can deliver important benefits for a variety of applications based on the efficiently light polarization control and management.
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3
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Wang P, Krasavin AV, Liu L, Jiang Y, Li Z, Guo X, Tong L, Zayats AV. Molecular Plasmonics with Metamaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15031-15081. [PMID: 36194441 PMCID: PMC9562285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular plasmonics, the area which deals with the interactions between surface plasmons and molecules, has received enormous interest in fundamental research and found numerous technological applications. Plasmonic metamaterials, which offer rich opportunities to control the light intensity, field polarization, and local density of electromagnetic states on subwavelength scales, provide a versatile platform to enhance and tune light-molecule interactions. A variety of applications, including spontaneous emission enhancement, optical modulation, optical sensing, and photoactuated nanochemistry, have been reported by exploiting molecular interactions with plasmonic metamaterials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the developments of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials. After a brief introduction to the optical properties of plasmonic metamaterials and relevant fabrication approaches, we discuss light-molecule interactions in plasmonic metamaterials in both weak and strong coupling regimes. We then highlight the exploitation of molecules in metamaterials for applications ranging from emission control and optical modulation to optical sensing. The role of hot carriers generated in metamaterials for nanochemistry is also discussed. Perspectives on the future development of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials conclude the review. The use of molecules in combination with designer metamaterials provides a rich playground both to actively control metamaterials using molecular interactions and, in turn, to use metamaterials to control molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Lufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
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4
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Coherent full polarization control based on bound states in the continuum. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4536. [PMID: 35927230 PMCID: PMC9352794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are resonant modes of open structures that do not suffer damping, despite being compatible with radiation in terms of their momentum. They have been raising significant attention for their intriguing topological features, and their opportunities in photonics to enhance light-matter interactions. In parallel, the coherent excitation of optical devices through the tailored interference of multiple beams has been explored as a way to enhance the degree of real-time control over their response. Here, we leverage the combination of these phenomena, and exploit the topological features of BICs in the presence of multiple input beams to enable full polarization control on the entire Poincaré sphere in a photonic crystal slab only supporting a symmetry-protected BIC, experimentally demonstrating highly efficient polarization conversion controlled in real time through the superposition of coherent excitations. Our findings open exciting opportunities for a variety of photonic and quantum optics applications, benefitting from extreme wave interactions and topological features around BICs combined with optical control through coherent interference of multiple excitations.
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5
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Plasmonic Elliptical Nanohole Arrays for Chiral Absorption and Emission in the Near-Infrared and Visible Range. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11136012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic nanostructures with tunable handedness-dependent absorption in the visible and infrared offer chiro-optical control at the nanoscale. Moreover, coupling them with emitting layers could lead to chiral nanosources, important for nanophotonic circuits. Here, we propose plasmonic elliptical nanohole arrays (ENHA) for circularly dependent near-infrared and visible emission. We first investigate broadband chiral behavior in an Au-ENHA embedded in glass by exciting it with plane waves. We then study the coupling of ENHA with a thin emitting layer embedded in glass; we focus on the emission wavelengths which provided high chirality in plane-wave simulations. Our novel simulation set-up monitors the chirality of the far-field emission by properly averaging a large set of homogeneously distributed, randomly oriented quantum sources. The intrinsic chirality of ENHA influences the circular polarization degree of the emitting layer. Finally, we study the emission dependence on the field distribution at the excitation wavelength. We demonstrate the chiral absorption and emission properties for Au-ENHA emitting in the near-infrared range, and for Ag-ENHA which is excited in green range and emits in the Lumogen Red range. The simple geometry of ENHA can be fabricated with low-cost nanosphere lithography and be covered with emission gel. We thus believe that this design can be of great importance for tunable chiral nanosources.
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6
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Zhang Z, Kang M, Zhang X, Feng X, Xu Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Xu Q, Tian Z, Zhang W, Krasnok A, Han J, Alù A. Coherent Perfect Diffraction in Metagratings. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002341. [PMID: 32700816 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are 2D engineered structures with subwavelength granularity, offering a wide range of opportunities to tailor the impinging wavefront. However, fundamental limitations on their efficiency in wave transformation, associated with their deeply subwavelength thickness, challenge their implementation in practical application scenarios. Here, it is shown how the coherent control of metagratings through multiple wave excitations can provide new opportunities to achieve highly reconfigurable broadband metasurfaces with large diffraction efficiency, beyond the limitations of conventional approaches. Remarkably, energy distribution between the 0th and higher diffraction orders can be continuously tuned by changing the relative phase difference between two excitation waves, enabling coherent control, with added benefits of enhanced efficiency and bandwidth. This concept is demonstrated for a thin electric metagrating operating at terahertz frequencies, showing that coherent control can overcome several of the limitations of single-layer ultrathin metastructures, and extend their feasibility in various practical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ming Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xi Feng
- Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xieyu Chen
- Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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7
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Becerril D, Vázquez O, Piccotti D, Sandoval EM, Cesca T, Mattei G, Noguez C, Pirruccio G. Diffractive dipolar coupling in non-Bravais plasmonic lattices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1261-1268. [PMID: 36133042 PMCID: PMC9417907 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Honeycomb plasmonic lattices are paradigmatic examples of non-Bravais lattices. We experimentally measure surface lattice resonances in effectively free-standing honeycomb lattices composed of silver nanospheres. By combining numerical simulations with analytical methods, we analyze the dispersion relation and the near-field properties of these modes along high symmetry trajectories. We find that our results can be interpreted in terms of dipole-only interactions between the two non-equivalent triangular sublattices, which naturally lead to an asymmetric near-field distribution around the nanospheres. We generalize the interaction between the two sublattices to the case of variable adjacent interparticle distance within the unit cell, highlighting symmetry changes and diffraction degeneracy lifting associated to the transition between Bravais and non-Bravais lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becerril
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
| | - Omar Vázquez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
| | - Diego Piccotti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Elizabeth Mendoza Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
| | - Tiziana Cesca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giovanni Mattei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Cecilia Noguez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
| | - Giuseppe Pirruccio
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico
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8
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Hamans RF, Parente M, Castellanos GW, Ramezani M, Gómez Rivas J, Baldi A. Super-resolution Mapping of Enhanced Emission by Collective Plasmonic Resonances. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4514-4521. [PMID: 30938979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic particle arrays have remarkable optical properties originating from their collective behavior, which results in resonances with narrow line widths and enhanced electric fields extending far into the surrounding medium. Such resonances can be exploited for applications in strong light-matter coupling, sensing, light harvesting, nonlinear nanophotonics, lasing, and solid-state lighting. However, as the lattice constants associated with plasmonic particle arrays are on the order of their resonance wavelengths, mapping the interaction between point dipoles and plasmonic particle arrays cannot be done with diffraction-limited methods. Here, we map the enhanced emission of single fluorescent molecules coupled to a plasmonic particle array with ∼20 nm in-plane resolution by using stochastic super-resolution microscopy. We find that extended lattice resonances have minimal influence on the spontaneous decay rate of an emitter but instead can be exploited to enhance the outcoupling and directivity of the emission. Our results can guide the rational design of future optical devices based on plasmonic particle arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben F Hamans
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Parente
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | | | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Baldi
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
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9
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Kang M, Li M, Chen J. Bandwidth bounds of coherent perfect absorber in resonant metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:9004-9012. [PMID: 31052710 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.009004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coherent perfect absorber (CPA), a resonator with critical losses that can perfectly absorb all incident light, has been observed at various frequency regimes (from microwave to visible light). Besides the functional frequency, the bandwidth is also an important parameter in characterizing the performance of CPA. Here, we explore the bandwidth of CPA in a kind of weakly-coupled-resonance metasurfaces with 4κ2-γs2<0, where κ is the near-field coupling between the radiative and non-radiative resonant modes, and γsis the scattering loss rate of the radiative resonant mode. Based on the coupled mode theory, we analytically derive the upper and lower bounds of the bandwidth, and show that they are determined by the dissipation loss rates of the composed modes. To narrow the bandwidth, it is better to increase the radiative loss rate when designing a weakly coupled resonator. We also show that CPA is associated with a robust phase singularity with a winding number of ± 1. The conclusions are numerically verified in a designed resonant metasurface and could perform as a guideline for designing CPA in various resonant systems.
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10
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Kravets VG, Kabashin AV, Barnes WL, Grigorenko AN. Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances: A Review of Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5912-5951. [PMID: 29863344 PMCID: PMC6026846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
When metal nanoparticles are arranged
in an ordered array, they
may scatter light to produce diffracted waves. If one of the diffracted
waves then propagates in the plane of the array, it may couple the
localized plasmon resonances associated with individual nanoparticles
together, leading to an exciting phenomenon, the drastic narrowing
of plasmon resonances, down to 1–2 nm in spectral width. This
presents a dramatic improvement compared to a typical single particle
resonance line width of >80 nm. The very high quality factors of
these
diffractively coupled plasmon resonances, often referred to as plasmonic
surface lattice resonances, and related effects have made this topic
a very active and exciting field for fundamental research, and increasingly,
these resonances have been investigated for their potential in the
development of practical devices for communications, optoelectronics,
photovoltaics, data storage, biosensing, and other applications. In
the present review article, we describe the basic physical principles
and properties of plasmonic surface lattice resonances: the width
and quality of the resonances, singularities of the light phase, electric
field enhancement, etc. We pay special attention to the conditions
of their excitation in different experimental architectures by considering
the following: in-plane and out-of-plane polarizations of the incident
light, symmetric and asymmetric optical (refractive index) environments,
the presence of substrate conductivity, and the presence of an active
or magnetic medium. Finally, we review recent progress in applications
of plasmonic surface lattice resonances in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Kravets
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Manchester , M13 9PL , U.K
| | - A V Kabashin
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, LP3 , Marseille , France.,MEPhI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio) , BioNanophotonic Lab. , 115409 Moscow , Russia
| | - W L Barnes
- School for Physics and Astronomy , University of Exeter , Exeter , EX4 4QL , U.K
| | - A N Grigorenko
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Manchester , M13 9PL , U.K
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11
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Li Y, Argyropoulos C. Tunable nonlinear coherent perfect absorption with epsilon-near-zero plasmonic waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1806-1809. [PMID: 29652369 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to realize nonlinear coherent perfect absorption (CPA) at the nanoscale using epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) plasmonic waveguides. The general conditions to achieve CPA in a linear ENZ plasmonic waveguide are analyzed and presented. The proposed ENZ waveguides support an effective ENZ response at their cutoff frequency, where the CPA effect occurs under the illumination of two counterpropagating plane waves with equal amplitudes and appropriate phase distributions. In addition, the strong and uniform field enhancement inside the nanochannels of the waveguides at the ENZ resonance can efficiently boost Kerr nonlinearities, resulting in a new all-optical switching intensity-dependent CPA phenomenon that can be tunable with ultrafast speed. The proposed free-standing ENZ structures combine third-order nonlinear functionality with standing wave CPA interference effects in a nanoscale plasmonic configuration, thus leading to a novel degree of tunable light-matter interactions achieved in subwavelength regions. Our findings provide a new platform to efficiently excite nonlinear phenomena at the nanoscale and design tunable coherent perfect absorbers.
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12
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Xomalis A, Demirtzioglou I, Plum E, Jung Y, Nalla V, Lacava C, MacDonald KF, Petropoulos P, Richardson DJ, Zheludev NI. Fibre-optic metadevice for all-optical signal modulation based on coherent absorption. Nat Commun 2018; 9:182. [PMID: 29330360 PMCID: PMC5766546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, coherent control of the optical response of thin films in standing waves has attracted considerable attention, ranging from applications in excitation-selective spectroscopy and nonlinear optics to all-optical image processing. Here, we show that integration of metamaterial and optical fibre technologies allows the use of coherently controlled absorption in a fully fiberized and packaged switching metadevice. With this metadevice, which controls light with light in a nanoscale plasmonic metamaterial film on an optical fibre tip, we provide proof-of-principle demonstrations of logical functions XOR, NOT and AND that are performed within a coherent fibre network at wavelengths between 1530 and 1565 nm. The metadevice has been tested at up to 40 gigabits per second and sub-milliwatt power levels. Since coherent absorption can operate at the single-photon level and with 100 THz bandwidth, we argue that the demonstrated all-optical switch concept has potential applications in coherent and quantum information networks. Here, the authors show that integration of metamaterial and optical fibre technologies enables all-optical XOR, NOT and AND logical functions that are performed at up to 40 gigabits per second with few femtojoules per bit energy consumption within a coherent fully fiberized network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Xomalis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Iosif Demirtzioglou
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Eric Plum
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Yongmin Jung
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Venkatram Nalla
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Cosimo Lacava
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Kevin F MacDonald
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Periklis Petropoulos
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - David J Richardson
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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13
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Yan C, Wang X, Raziman TV, Martin OJF. Twisting Fluorescence through Extrinsic Chiral Antennas. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2265-2272. [PMID: 28306262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic antennas and planar structures have been undergoing intensive developments in order to control the scattering and absorption of light. One specific class, extrinsic chiral surfaces, that does not possess 2-fold rotational symmetry exhibits strong asymmetric transmission for different circular polarizations under obliquely incident illumination. In this work, we show that the design of those surfaces can be optimized with complex multipolar resonances in order to twist the fluorescence emission from nearby molecules. While this emission is usually dipolar and linearly polarized, the interaction with these resonances twists it into a multipolar radiation pattern with opposite helicity in different directions. The proposed structure maximizes this effect and provides control over the polarization of light. Splitting of left- and right-handed circularly polarized light is experimentally obtained in the backward direction. These results highlight the intricate interplay between the near-field absorption and the far-field scattering of a plasmonic nanostructure and are further used for modifying the emission of incoherent quantum sources. Our finding can potentially lead to the development of polarization- and angle-resolved ultracompact optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T V Raziman
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier J F Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Acoustic Coherent Perfect Absorbers as Sensitive Null Detectors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43574. [PMID: 28262716 PMCID: PMC5337929 DOI: 10.1038/srep43574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the experimental realization of acoustic coherent perfect absorption (CPA) of four symmetric scatterers of very different structures. The only conditions necessary for these scatterers to exhibit CPA are that both the reflection and transmission amplitudes of the scatterers are 0.5 under one incident wave, and there are two collinear and counter-propagating incident waves with appropriate relative amplitude and phase. Nearly 1000 times in the modulation of output power has been demonstrated by changing the relative phase of the incident waves over 180°. We further demonstrate that these scatterers could potentially be sensitive devices to detect the small differences between two nearly equal incident waves. A 27% change in the strength of the scattering wave has been demonstrated for every degree of phase deviation from the optimum condition between the incident waves.
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15
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Lin L, Wang M, Wei X, Peng X, Xie C, Zheng Y. Photoswitchable Rabi Splitting in Hybrid Plasmon-Waveguide Modes. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7655-7663. [PMID: 27960522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rabi splitting that arises from strong plasmon-molecule coupling has attracted tremendous interests. However, it has remained elusive to integrate Rabi splitting into the hybrid plasmon-waveguide modes (HPWMs), which have advantages of both subwavelength light confinement of surface plasmons and long-range propagation of guided modes in dielectric waveguides. Herein, we explore a new type of HPWMs based on hybrid systems of Al nanodisk arrays covered by PMMA thin films that are doped with photochromic molecules and demonstrate the photoswitchable Rabi splitting with a maximum splitting energy of 572 meV in the HPWMs by controlling the photoisomerization of the molecules. Through our experimental measurements combined with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we reveal that the photoswitchable Rabi splitting arises from the switchable coupling between the HPWMs and molecular excitons. By harnessing the photoswitchable Rabi splitting, we develop all-optical light modulators and rewritable waveguides. The demonstration of Rabi splitting in the HPWMs will further advance scientific research and device applications of hybrid plasmon-molecule systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xiaolei Peng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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16
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Yang A, Hryn AJ, Bourgeois MR, Lee WK, Hu J, Schatz GC, Odom TW. Programmable and reversible plasmon mode engineering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14201-14206. [PMID: 27911819 PMCID: PMC5167184 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615281113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced localized optical fields as well as narrow linewidths have driven advances in numerous applications. However, the active engineering of ultranarrow resonances across the visible regime-and within a single system-has not yet been demonstrated. This paper describes how aluminum nanoparticle arrays embedded in an elastomeric slab may exhibit high-quality resonances with linewidths as narrow as 3 nm at wavelengths not accessible by conventional plasmonic materials. We exploited stretching to improve and tune simultaneously the optical response of as-fabricated nanoparticle arrays by shifting the diffraction mode relative to single-particle dipolar or quadrupolar resonances. This dynamic modulation of particle-particle spacing enabled either dipolar or quadrupolar lattice modes to be selectively accessed and individually optimized. Programmable plasmon modes offer a robust way to achieve real-time tunable materials for plasmon-enhanced molecular sensing and plasmonic nanolasers and opens new possibilities for integrating with flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Alexander J Hryn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Jingtian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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17
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Sikdar D, Kornyshev AA. Theory of tailorable optical response of two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles at dielectric interfaces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33712. [PMID: 27652788 PMCID: PMC5031966 DOI: 10.1038/srep33712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles at interfaces are promising candidates for novel optical metamaterials. Such systems materialise from ‘top–down’ patterning or ‘bottom–up’ self-assembly of nanoparticles at liquid/liquid or liquid/solid interfaces. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of an extended effective quasi-static four-layer-stack model for the description of plasmon-resonance-enhanced optical responses of such systems. We investigate in detail the effects of the size of nanoparticles, average interparticle separation, dielectric constants of the media constituting the interface, and the nanoparticle position relative to the interface. Interesting interplays of these different factors are explored first for normally incident light. For off-normal incidence, the strong effects of the polarisation of light are found at large incident angles, which allows to dynamically tune the reflectance spectra. All the predictions of the theory are tested against full-wave simulations, proving this simplistic model to be adequate within the quasi-static limit. The model takes seconds to calculate the system’s optical response and makes it easy to unravel the effect of each system parameter. This helps rapid rationalization of experimental data and understanding of the optical signals from these novel ‘metamaterials’, optimised for light reflection or harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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