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Sabulsky DO, Junca J, Zou X, Bertoldi A, Prevedelli M, Beaufils Q, Geiger R, Landragin A, Bouyer P, Canuel B. Multiphoton Atom Interferometry via Cavity-Enhanced Bragg Diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:213601. [PMID: 38856273 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel atom interferometer configuration that combines large momentum transfer with the enhancement of an optical resonator for the purpose of measuring gravitational strain in the horizontal directions. Using Bragg diffraction and taking advantage of the optical gain provided by the resonator, we achieve momentum transfer up to 8ℏk with mW level optical power in a cm-sized resonating waist. Importantly, our experiment uses an original resonator design that allows for a large resonating beam waist and eliminates the need to trap atoms in cavity modes. We demonstrate inertial sensitivity in the horizontal direction by measuring the change in tilt of our resonator. This result paves the way for future hybrid atom or optical gravitational wave detectors. Furthermore, the versatility of our method extends to a wide range of measurement geometries and atomic sources, opening up new avenues for the realization of highly sensitive inertial atom sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Sabulsky
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - J Junca
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - X Zou
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - A Bertoldi
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - M Prevedelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Berti-Pichat 6/2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Q Beaufils
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - R Geiger
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - A Landragin
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - P Bouyer
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - B Canuel
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
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2
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Kirsten-Siemß JN, Fitzek F, Schubert C, Rasel EM, Gaaloul N, Hammerer K. Large-Momentum-Transfer Atom Interferometers with μrad-Accuracy Using Bragg Diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:033602. [PMID: 37540849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Large-momentum-transfer (LMT) atom interferometers using elastic Bragg scattering on light waves are among the most precise quantum sensors to date. To advance their accuracy from the mrad to the μrad regime, it is necessary to understand the rich phenomenology of the Bragg interferometer, which differs significantly from that of a standard two-mode interferometer. We develop an analytic model for the interferometer signal and demonstrate its accuracy using comprehensive numerical simulations. Our analytic treatment allows the determination of the atomic projection noise limit of a LMT Bragg interferometer and provides the means to saturate this limit. It affords accurate knowledge of the systematic phase errors as well as their suppression by 2 orders of magnitude down to a few μrad using appropriate light-pulse parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-N Kirsten-Siemß
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Fitzek
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schubert
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, Callinstraße 30b, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Gaaloul
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Hammerer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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3
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Wang Y, Du H, Li Y, Mei F, Hu Y, Xiao L, Ma J, Jia S. Testing universality of Feynman-Tan relation in interacting Bose gases using high-order Bragg spectra. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:50. [PMID: 36854664 PMCID: PMC9975228 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Feynman-Tan relation, obtained by combining the Feynman energy relation with the Tan's two-body contact, can explain the excitation spectra of strongly interacting 39K Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Since the shift of excitation resonance in the Feynman-Tan relation is inversely proportional to atomic mass, the test of whether this relation is universal for other atomic systems is significant for describing the effect of interaction in strongly correlated Bose gases. Here we measure the high-momentum excitation spectra of 133Cs BEC with widely tunable interactions by using the second- and third-order Bragg spectra. We observe the backbending of frequency shift of excitation resonance with increasing interaction, and even the shift changes its sign under the strong interactions in the high-order Bragg spectra. Our finding shows good agreement with the prediction based on the Feynman-Tan relation. Our results provide significant insights for understanding the profound properties of strongly interacting Bose gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huiying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China.
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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4
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Dutta P, Maurya SS, Patel K, Biswas K, Mangaonkar J, Sarkar S, D. Rapol U. A Decade of Advancement of Quantum Sensing and Metrology in India Using Cold Atoms and Ions. J Indian Inst Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-022-00335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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5
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Deppner C, Herr W, Cornelius M, Stromberger P, Sternke T, Grzeschik C, Grote A, Rudolph J, Herrmann S, Krutzik M, Wenzlawski A, Corgier R, Charron E, Guéry-Odelin D, Gaaloul N, Lämmerzahl C, Peters A, Windpassinger P, Rasel EM. Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:100401. [PMID: 34533345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to light, matter-wave optics of quantum gases deals with interactions even in free space and for ensembles comprising millions of atoms. We exploit these interactions in a quantum degenerate gas as an adjustable lens for coherent atom optics. By combining an interaction-driven quadrupole-mode excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a magnetic lens, we form a time-domain matter-wave lens system. The focus is tuned by the strength of the lensing potential and the oscillatory phase of the quadrupole mode. By placing the focus at infinity, we lower the total internal kinetic energy of a BEC comprising 101(37) thousand atoms in three dimensions to 3/2 k_{B}·38_{-7}^{+6} pK. Our method paves the way for free-fall experiments lasting ten or more seconds as envisioned for tests of fundamental physics and high-precision BEC interferometry, as well as opens up a new kinetic energy regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Deppner
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Waldemar Herr
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, c/o Leibniz Universität Hannover, DLR-SI, Callinstraße 36, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Merle Cornelius
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 2, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Peter Stromberger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tammo Sternke
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 2, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christoph Grzeschik
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Grote
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Rudolph
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Herrmann
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 2, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus Krutzik
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Wenzlawski
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robin Corgier
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Eric Charron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Guéry-Odelin
- Laboratoire de Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, CNRS, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Naceur Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus Lämmerzahl
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 2, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Achim Peters
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ernst M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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6
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Abstract
The sensitivity of light and matter-wave interferometers to rotations is based on the Sagnac effect and increases with the area enclosed by the interferometer. In the case of light, the latter can be enlarged by forming multiple fibre loops, whereas the equivalent for matter-wave interferometers remains an experimental challenge. We present a concept for a multi-loop atom interferometer with a scalable area formed by light pulses. Our method will offer sensitivities as high as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2\times 10^{-11}$$\end{document}2×10-11 rad/s at 1 s in combination with the respective long-term stability as required for Earth rotation monitoring.
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7
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Abstract
Inertial sensors based on cold atoms have great potential for navigation, geodesy, or fundamental physics. Similar to the Sagnac effect, their sensitivity increases with the space-time area enclosed by the interferometer. Here, we introduce twin-lattice atom interferometry exploiting Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium-87. Our method provides symmetric momentum transfer and large areas offering a perspective for future palm-sized sensor heads with sensitivities on par with present meter-scale Sagnac devices. Our theoretical model of the impact of beam splitters on the spatial coherence is highly instrumental for designing future sensors. Atom interferometers can be useful for precision measurement of fundamental constants and sensors of different type. Here the authors demonstrate a compact twin-lattice atom interferometry exploiting Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of 87 Rb atoms.
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8
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Fitzek F, Siemß JN, Seckmeyer S, Ahlers H, Rasel EM, Hammerer K, Gaaloul N. Universal atom interferometer simulation of elastic scattering processes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22120. [PMID: 33335161 PMCID: PMC7746744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we introduce a universal simulation framework covering all regimes of matter-wave light-pulse elastic scattering. Applied to atom interferometry as a study case, this simulator solves the atom-light diffraction problem in the elastic case, i.e., when the internal state of the atoms remains unchanged. Taking this perspective, the light-pulse beam splitting is interpreted as a space and time-dependent external potential. In a shift from the usual approach based on a system of momentum-space ordinary differential equations, our position-space treatment is flexible and scales favourably for realistic cases where the light fields have an arbitrary complex spatial behaviour rather than being mere plane waves. Moreover, the solver architecture we developed is effortlessly extended to the problem class of trapped and interacting geometries, which has no simple formulation in the usual framework of momentum-space ordinary differential equations. We check the validity of our model by revisiting several case studies relevant to the precision atom interferometry community. We retrieve analytical solutions when they exist and extend the analysis to more complex parameter ranges in a cross-regime fashion. The flexibility of the approach, the insight it gives, its numerical scalability and accuracy make it an exquisite tool to design, understand and quantitatively analyse metrology-oriented matter-wave interferometry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fitzek
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan-Niclas Siemß
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Seckmeyer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Ahlers
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ernst M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Hammerer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Naceur Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Xu WJ, Cheng L, Liu J, Zhang C, Zhang K, Cheng Y, Gao Z, Cao LS, Duan XC, Zhou MK, Hu ZK. Effects of wave-front tilt and air density fluctuations in a sensitive atom interferometry gyroscope. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:12189-12200. [PMID: 32403717 DOI: 10.1364/oe.391780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a matter wave gyroscope with a Sagnac area of 5.92 cm2, achieving a short-term sensitivity of 167 nrad/s/Hz1/2. The atom interferometry gyroscope is driven by a π/2 - π - π - π/2 Raman pulse sequence based on an atom fountain with a parabolic trajectory. The phase-locked laser beams for Raman transitions partly propagate outside of the vacuum chamber and expose to the air when passing through the two arms of the vacuum chamber. This configuration leads to the tilt of the laser's wave-front and suffers the fluctuation of air density. The impacts on both the fringe contrast and long-term stability are experimentally investigated in detail, and effective schemes are developed to improve the performance of our atom gyroscope. The method presented here could be useful for developing large atom interferometry facilities with separated vacuum chambers.
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10
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Rudolph J, Wilkason T, Nantel M, Swan H, Holland CM, Jiang Y, Garber BE, Carman SP, Hogan JM. Large Momentum Transfer Clock Atom Interferometry on the 689 nm Intercombination Line of Strontium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:083604. [PMID: 32167328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.083604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the first realization of large momentum transfer (LMT) clock atom interferometry. Using single-photon interactions on the strontium ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} transition, we demonstrate Mach-Zehnder interferometers with state-of-the-art momentum separation of up to 141 ℏk and gradiometers of up to 81 ℏk. Moreover, we circumvent excited state decay limitations and extend the gradiometer duration to 50 times the excited state lifetime. Because of the broad velocity acceptance of the interferometry pulses, all experiments are performed with laser-cooled atoms at a temperature of 3 μK. This work has applications in high-precision inertial sensing and paves the way for LMT-enhanced clock atom interferometry on even narrower transitions, a key ingredient in proposals for gravitational wave detection and dark matter searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Wilkason
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Megan Nantel
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hunter Swan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Connor M Holland
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yijun Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin E Garber
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel P Carman
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Hogan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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11
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Compact chip-scale guided cold atom gyrometers for inertial navigation: Enabling technologies and design study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5120348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Barrett B, Cheiney P, Battelier B, Napolitano F, Bouyer P. Multidimensional Atom Optics and Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:043604. [PMID: 30768283 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.043604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose new multidimensional atom optics that can create coherent superpositions of atomic wave packets along three spatial directions. These tools can be used to generate light-pulse atom interferometers that are simultaneously sensitive to the three components of acceleration and rotation, and we discuss how to isolate these inertial components in a single experimental shot. We also present a new type of atomic gyroscope that is insensitive to parasitic accelerations and initial velocities. The ability to measure the full acceleration and rotation vectors with a compact, high-precision, low-bias inertial sensor could strongly impact the fields of inertial navigation, gravity gradiometry, and gyroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barrett
- iXblue, 34 rue de la Croix de Fer, 78105 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, 1 rue François Mitterrand, 33400 Talence, France
| | - P Cheiney
- iXblue, 34 rue de la Croix de Fer, 78105 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, 1 rue François Mitterrand, 33400 Talence, France
| | - B Battelier
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, 1 rue François Mitterrand, 33400 Talence, France
| | - F Napolitano
- iXblue, 34 rue de la Croix de Fer, 78105 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
| | - P Bouyer
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, 1 rue François Mitterrand, 33400 Talence, France
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13
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Dadras S, Gresch A, Groiseau C, Wimberger S, Summy GS. Quantum Walk in Momentum Space with a Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:070402. [PMID: 30169047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a discrete-time, one-dimensional quantum walk based on the entanglement between the momentum of ultracold rubidium atoms (the walk space) and two internal atomic states (the "coin" degree of freedom). Our scheme is highly flexible and can provide a platform for a wide range of applications such as quantum search algorithms, the observation of topological phases, and the realization of walks with higher dimensionality. Along with the investigation of the quantum-to-classical transition, we demonstrate the distinctive features of a quantum walk and contrast them to those of its classical counterpart. Also, by manipulating either the walk or coin operator, we show how the walk dynamics can be steered or even reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Dadras
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072, USA
| | - Alexander Gresch
- ITP, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caspar Groiseau
- ITP, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Wimberger
- ITP, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gil S Summy
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072, USA
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14
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Overstreet C, Asenbaum P, Kovachy T, Notermans R, Hogan JM, Kasevich MA. Effective Inertial Frame in an Atom Interferometric Test of the Equivalence Principle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183604. [PMID: 29775337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In an ideal test of the equivalence principle, the test masses fall in a common inertial frame. A real experiment is affected by gravity gradients, which introduce systematic errors by coupling to initial kinematic differences between the test masses. Here we demonstrate a method that reduces the sensitivity of a dual-species atom interferometer to initial kinematics by using a frequency shift of the mirror pulse to create an effective inertial frame for both atomic species. Using this method, we suppress the gravity-gradient-induced dependence of the differential phase on initial kinematic differences by 2 orders of magnitude and precisely measure these differences. We realize a relative precision of Δg/g≈6×10^{-11} per shot, which improves on the best previous result for a dual-species atom interferometer by more than 3 orders of magnitude. By reducing gravity gradient systematic errors to one part in 10^{13}, these results pave the way for an atomic test of the equivalence principle at an accuracy comparable with state-of-the-art classical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Overstreet
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Peter Asenbaum
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tim Kovachy
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Remy Notermans
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Hogan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mark A Kasevich
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Asenbaum P, Overstreet C, Kovachy T, Brown DD, Hogan JM, Kasevich MA. Phase Shift in an Atom Interferometer due to Spacetime Curvature across its Wave Function. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:183602. [PMID: 28524681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spacetime curvature induces tidal forces on the wave function of a single quantum system. Using a dual light-pulse atom interferometer, we measure a phase shift associated with such tidal forces. The macroscopic spatial superposition state in each interferometer (extending over 16 cm) acts as a nonlocal probe of the spacetime manifold. Additionally, we utilize the dual atom interferometer as a gradiometer for precise gravitational measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Asenbaum
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chris Overstreet
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tim Kovachy
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel D Brown
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M Hogan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mark A Kasevich
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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16
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Roura A. Circumventing Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle in Atom Interferometry Tests of the Equivalence Principle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:160401. [PMID: 28474953 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.160401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atom interferometry tests of universality of free fall based on the differential measurement of two different atomic species provide a useful complement to those based on macroscopic masses. However, when striving for the highest possible sensitivities, gravity gradients pose a serious challenge. Indeed, the relative initial position and velocity for the two species need to be controlled with extremely high accuracy, which can be rather demanding in practice and whose verification may require rather long integration times. Furthermore, in highly sensitive configurations gravity gradients lead to a drastic loss of contrast. These difficulties can be mitigated by employing wave packets with narrower position and momentum widths, but this is ultimately limited by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. We present a promising scheme that overcomes these problems by compensating the effects of the gravity gradients and circumvents the fundamental limitations due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Furthermore, it relaxes the experimental requirements on initial colocation by several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Roura
- Institut für Quantenphysik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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17
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Abend S, Gebbe M, Gersemann M, Ahlers H, Müntinga H, Giese E, Gaaloul N, Schubert C, Lämmerzahl C, Ertmer W, Schleich WP, Rasel EM. Atom-Chip Fountain Gravimeter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:203003. [PMID: 27886486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a quantum gravimeter by combining the advantages of an atom chip for the generation, delta-kick collimation, and coherent manipulation of freely falling Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with an innovative launch mechanism based on Bloch oscillations and double Bragg diffraction. Our high-contrast BEC interferometer realizes tens of milliseconds of free fall in a volume as little as a one centimeter cube and paves the way for measurements with sub-μGal accuracies in miniaturized, robust devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abend
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Gebbe
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Gersemann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ahlers
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Müntinga
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - E Giese
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Physics and Max Planck Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - N Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schubert
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Lämmerzahl
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - W Ertmer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study (TIAS), Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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