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Kong D, Liu R, Liu J, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Li W, Bai H, Hai C. Cubic Membranes Formation in Synchronized Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reveals a Possible Role as a Structural Antioxidant Defense System in Cell Cycle Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:617406. [PMID: 33381509 PMCID: PMC7769198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.617406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cubic membranes (CMs) represent unique biological membrane structures with highly curved three-dimensional periodic minimal surfaces, which have been observed in a wide range of cell types and organelles under various stress conditions (e. g., starvation, virus-infection, and oxidation). However, there are few reports on the biological roles of CMs, especially their roles in cell cycle. Hence, we established a stable cell population of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) of 100% S phase by thymidine treatment, and determined certain parameters in G2 phase released from S phase. Then we found a close relationship between CMs formation and cell cycle, and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial function. After the synchronization of HepG2 cells were induced, CMs were observed through transmission electron microscope in G2 phase but not in G1, S and M phase. Moreover, the increased ATP production, mitochondrial and intracellular ROS levels were also present in G2 phase, which demonstrated a positive correlation with CMs formation by Pearson correlation analysis. This study suggests that CMs may act as an antioxidant structure in response to mitochondria-derived ROS during G2 phase and thus participate in cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqin Kong
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Qingbiao Zhou
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
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2
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Law JO, Dean JM, Miller MA, Kusumaatmaja H. Phase transitions on non-uniformly curved surfaces: coupling between phase and location. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8069-8077. [PMID: 32789327 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For particles confined to two dimensions, any curvature of the surface affects the structural, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the system. If the curvature is non-uniform, an even richer range of behaviours can emerge. Using a combination of bespoke Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics and basin-hopping methods, we show that the stable states of attractive colloids confined to non-uniformly curved surfaces are distinguished not only by the phase of matter but also by their location on the surface. Consequently, the transitions between these states involve cooperative migration of the entire colloidal assembly. We demonstrate these phenomena on toroidal and sinusoidal surfaces for model colloids with different ranges of interactions as described by the Morse potential. In all cases, the behaviour can be rationalised in terms of three universal considerations: cluster perimeter, stress, and the packing of next-nearest neighbours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack O Law
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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3
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Ambruş VE, Busuioc S, Wagner AJ, Paillusson F, Kusumaatmaja H. Multicomponent flow on curved surfaces: A vielbein lattice Boltzmann approach. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:063306. [PMID: 31962535 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.063306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We develop and implement a finite difference lattice Boltzmann scheme to study multicomponent flows on curved surfaces, coupling the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations with the Cahn-Hilliard equation to track the evolution of the binary fluid interfaces. The standard lattice Boltzmann method relies on regular Cartesian grids, which makes it generally unsuitable to study flow problems on curved surfaces. To alleviate this limitation, we use a vielbein formalism to write the Boltzmann equation on an arbitrary geometry, and solve the evolution of the fluid distribution functions using a finite difference method. Focusing on the torus geometry as an example of a curved surface, we demonstrate drift motions of fluid droplets and stripes embedded on the surface of the torus. Interestingly, they migrate in opposite directions: fluid droplets to the outer side while fluid stripes to the inner side of the torus. For the latter we demonstrate that the global minimum configuration is unique for small stripe widths, but it becomes bistable for large stripe widths. Our simulations are also in agreement with analytical predictions for the Laplace pressure of the fluid stripes, and their damped oscillatory motion as they approach equilibrium configurations, capturing the corresponding decay timescale and oscillation frequency. Finally, we simulate the coarsening dynamics of phase separating binary fluids in the hydrodynamics and diffusive regimes for tori of various shapes, and compare the results against those for a flat two-dimensional surface. Our finite difference lattice Boltzmann scheme can be extended to other surfaces and coupled to other dynamical equations, opening up a vast range of applications involving complex flows on curved geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Ambruş
- Department of Physics, West University of Timişoara, 300223 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Sergiu Busuioc
- Department of Physics, West University of Timişoara, 300223 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Alexander J Wagner
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
| | - Fabien Paillusson
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Halim Kusumaatmaja
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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4
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Fonda P, Rinaldin M, Kraft DJ, Giomi L. Thermodynamic equilibrium of binary mixtures on curved surfaces. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:032604. [PMID: 31639923 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.032604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the global influence of curvature on the free energy landscape of two-dimensional binary mixtures confined on closed surfaces. Starting from a generic effective free energy, constructed on the basis of symmetry considerations and conservation laws, we identify several model-independent phenomena, such as a curvature-dependent line tension and local shifts in the binodal concentrations. To shed light on the origin of the phenomenological parameters appearing in the effective free energy, we further construct a lattice-gas model of binary mixtures on nontrivial substrates, based on the curved-space generalization of the two-dimensional Ising model. This allows us to decompose the interaction between the local concentration of the mixture and the substrate curvature into four distinct contributions, as a result of which the phase diagram splits into critical subdiagrams. The resulting free energy landscape can admit, as stable equilibria, strongly inhomogeneous mixed phases, which we refer to as "antimixed" states below the critical temperature. We corroborate our semianalytical findings with phase-field numerical simulations on realistic curved lattices. Despite this work being primarily motivated by recent experimental observations of multicomponent lipid vesicles supported by colloidal scaffolds, our results are applicable to any binary mixture confined on closed surfaces of arbitrary geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piermarco Fonda
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Melissa Rinaldin
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniela J Kraft
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Luca Giomi
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
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5
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van T Hag L, de Campo L, Tran N, Sokolova A, Trenker R, Call ME, Call MJ, Garvey CJ, Leung AE, Darwish TA, Krause-Heuer A, Knott R, Meikle TG, Drummond CJ, Mezzenga R, Conn CE. Protein-Eye View of the in Meso Crystallization Mechanism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8344-8356. [PMID: 31122018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For evolving biological and biomedical applications of hybrid protein?lipid materials, understanding the behavior of the protein within the lipid mesophase is crucial. After more than two decades since the invention of the in meso crystallization method, a protein-eye view of its mechanism is still lacking. Numerous structural studies have suggested that integral membrane proteins preferentially partition at localized flat points on the bilayer surface of the cubic phase with crystal growth occurring from a local fluid lamellar L? phase conduit. However, studies to date have, by necessity, focused on structural transitions occurring in the lipid mesophase. Here, we demonstrate using small-angle neutron scattering that the lipid bilayer of monoolein (the most commonly used lipid for in meso crystallization) can be contrast-matched using deuteration, allowing us to isolate scattering from encapsulated peptides during the crystal growth process for the first time. During in meso crystallization, a clear decrease in form factor scattering intensity of the peptides was observed and directly correlated with crystal growth. A transient fluid lamellar L? phase was observed, providing direct evidence for the proposed mechanism for this technique. This suggests that the peptide passes through a transition from the cubic QII phase, via an L? phase to the lamellar crystalline Lc phase with similar layered spacing. When high protein loading was possible, the lamellar crystalline Lc phase of the peptide in the single crystals was observed. These findings show the mechanism of in meso crystallization for the first time from the perspective of integral membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie van T Hag
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zurich , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | | | - Raphael Trenker
- Structural Biology Division , The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
- Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- Structural Biology Division , The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
- Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Melissa J Call
- Structural Biology Division , The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
- Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | | | - Anna E Leung
- Scientific Activities Division , European Spallation Source ERIC , Lund 224 84 , Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Thomas G Meikle
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zurich , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
- Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
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Law JO, Wong AG, Kusumaatmaja H, Miller MA. Nucleation on a sphere: the roles of curvature, confinement and ensemble. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1483041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack O. Law
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Alex G. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK
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