1
|
Xie Z, Luo R, Ying T, Gao Y, Song B, Yu T, Chen X, Hao M, Chai C, Yan J, Huang Z, Chen Z, Du L, Zhu C, Guo J, Chen X. Dynamic-to-static switch of hydrogen bonds induces a metal-insulator transition in an organic-inorganic superlattice. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01566-1. [PMID: 39143300 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds profoundly influence the fundamental chemical, physical and biological properties of molecules and materials. Owing to their relatively weaker interactions compared to other chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds alone are generally insufficient to induce substantial changes in electrical properties, thus imposing severe constraints on their applications in related devices. Here we report a metal-insulator transition controlled by hydrogen bonds for an organic-inorganic (1,3-diaminopropane)0.5SnSe2 superlattice that exhibits a colossal on-off ratio of 107 in electrical resistivity. The key to inducing the transition is a change in the amino group's hydrogen-bonding structure from dynamic to static. In the dynamic state, thermally activated free rotation continuously breaks and forms transient hydrogen bonds with adjacent Se anions. In the static state, the amino group forms three fixed-angle positions, each separated by 120°. Our findings contribute to the understanding of electrical phenomena in organic-inorganic hybrid materials and may be used for the design of future molecule-based electronic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Luo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianping Ying
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yurui Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Boqin Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Munan Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashu Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangang Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang ZQ, Gu YJ, Tang J, Yan ZX, Xie Y, Wang YX, Chen XR, Chen QF. Ab initio determination of melting and sound velocity of neon up to the deep interior of the Earth. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204711. [PMID: 38804489 DOI: 10.1063/5.0200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermophysical properties and elemental abundances of the noble gases in terrestrial materials can provide unique insights into the Earth's evolution and mantle dynamics. Here, we perform extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to determine the melting temperature and sound velocity of neon up to 370 GPa and 7500 K to constrain its physical state and storage capacity, together with to reveal its implications for the deep interior of the Earth. It is found that solid neon can exist stably under the lower mantle and inner core conditions, and the abnormal melting of neon is not observed under the entire temperature (T) and pressure (P) region inside the Earth owing to its peculiar electronic structure, which is substantially distinct from other heavier noble gases. An inspection of the reduction for sound velocity along the Earth's geotherm evidences that neon can be used as a light element to account for the low-velocity anomaly and density deficit in the deep Earth. A comparison of the pair distribution functions and mean square displacements of MgSiO3-Ne and Fe-Ne alloys further reveals that MgSiO3 has a larger neon storage capacity than the liquid iron under the deep Earth condition, indicating that the lower mantle may be a natural deep noble gas storage reservoir. Our results provide valuable information for studying the fundamental behavior and phase transition of neon in a higher T-P regime, and further enhance our understanding for the interior structure and evolution processes inside the Earth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qi Wang
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yun-Jun Gu
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Zheng-Xin Yan
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - You Xie
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yi-Xian Wang
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi-Feng Chen
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia X, Zhang L, Tian Y, Wu B, Tao Y, He D, Yang B, Boi FS, Lei L. Synthesis of large-sized spherical Co-C alloys with soft magnetic properties though a high-pressure solid-state metathesis reaction. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7490-7498. [PMID: 38440281 PMCID: PMC10910481 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report a novel high-pressure solid-state metathesis (HSM) reaction to produce spherical bulk (diameters 2-4 mm) Co-C alloys (Co3C and Co1-xCx). At 2-5 GPa and 1300 °C, C atoms preferentially occupy the interstitial sites of the face-centered cubic (fcc) Co lattice, leading to the formation of metastable Pnma Co3C. The Co3C decomposes above 1400 °C at 2-5 GPa, C atoms infiltrate the interstitial sites of the fcc Co lattice, saturating the C content in Co, forming an fcc Co1-xCx solid solution while the C atoms in excess are found to precipitate in the form of graphite. The Vickers hardness of the Co-C alloys is approximately 6.1 GPa, representing a 19.6% increase compared to hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Co. First-principles calculations indicate that the presence of C atoms in the Pnma Co3C structure leads to a relative decrease in the magnetic moments of the two distinct Co atom occupancies. The Co-C alloys exhibited a soft magnetic behavior with saturation magnetization up to 93.71 emu g-1 and coercivity of 74.8 Oe; coercivity increased as the synthesis pressure rises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jia
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Institute of Nano-Structured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College Zhengzhou 450063 China
| | - Yi Tian
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yu Tao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Duanwei He
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Baocheng Yang
- Institute of Nano-Structured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College Zhengzhou 450063 China
| | - Filippo S Boi
- College of Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Li Lei
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Villa K, González-Cataldo F, Militzer B. Double superionicity in icy compounds at planetary interior conditions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7580. [PMID: 37990010 PMCID: PMC10663582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The elements hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are assumed to comprise the bulk of the interiors of the ice giant planets Uranus, Neptune, and sub-Neptune exoplanets. The details of their interior structures have remained largely unknown because it is not understood how the compounds H2O, NH3 and CH4 behave and react once they have been accreted and exposed to high pressures and temperatures. Here we study thirteen H-C-N-O compounds with ab initio computer simulations and demonstrate that they assume a superionic state at elevated temperatures, in which the hydrogen ions diffuse through a stable sublattice that is provided by the larger nuclei. At yet higher temperatures, four of the thirteen compounds undergo a second transition to a novel doubly superionic state, in which the smallest of the heavy nuclei diffuse simultaneously with hydrogen ions through the remaining sublattice. Since this transition and the melting transition at yet higher temperatures are both of first order, this may introduce additional layers in the mantle of ice giant planets and alter their convective patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyla de Villa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Felipe González-Cataldo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan S, Huang T, Vazan A, Liang Z, Liu C, Wang J, Pickard CJ, Wang HT, Xing D, Sun J. Magnesium oxide-water compounds at megabar pressure and implications on planetary interiors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1165. [PMID: 36859401 PMCID: PMC9977943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and water (H2O) are abundant in the interior of planets. Their properties, and in particular their interaction, significantly affect the planet interior structure and thermal evolution. Here, using crystal structure predictions and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we find that MgO and H2O can react again at ultrahigh pressure, although Mg(OH)2 decomposes at low pressure. The reemergent MgO-H2O compounds are: Mg2O3H2 above 400 GPa, MgO3H4 above 600 GPa, and MgO4H6 in the pressure range of 270-600 GPa. Importantly, MgO4H6 contains 57.3 wt % of water, which is a much higher water content than any reported hydrous mineral. Our results suggest that a substantial amount of water can be stored in MgO rock in the deep interiors of Earth to Neptune mass planets. Based on molecular dynamics simulations we show that these three compounds exhibit superionic behavior at the pressure-temperature conditions as in the interiors of Uranus and Neptune. Moreover, the water-rich compound MgO4H6 could be stable inside the early Earth and therefore may serve as a possible early Earth water reservoir. Our findings, in the poorly explored megabar pressure regime, provide constraints for interior and evolution models of wet planets in our solar system and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Pan
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Tianheng Huang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Allona Vazan
- grid.412512.10000 0004 0604 7424Astrophysics Research Center of the Open University (ARCO), The Open University of Israel, 4353701 Raanana, Israel
| | - Zhixin Liang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hui-Tian Wang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Dingyu Xing
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fidalgo Cândido V, Matusalem F, de Koning M. Melting conditions and entropies of superionic water ice: Free-energy calculations based on hybrid solid/liquid reference systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064502. [PMID: 36792524 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Superionic (SI) water ices-high-temperature, high-pressure phases of water in which oxygen ions occupy a regular crystal lattice whereas the protons flow in a liquid-like manner-have attracted a growing amount of attention over the past few years, in particular due to their possible role in the magnetic anomalies of the ice giants Neptune and Uranus. In this paper, we consider the calculation of the free energies of such phases, exploring hybrid reference systems consisting of a combination of an Einstein solid for the oxygen ions occupying a crystal lattice and a Uhlenbeck-Ford potential for the protonic fluid that avoids irregularities associated with possible particle overlaps. Applying this approach to a recent neural-network potential-energy landscape for SI water ice, we compute Gibbs free energies as a function of temperature for the SI fcc and liquid phases to determine the melting temperature Tm at 340 GPa. The results are consistent with previous estimates and indicate that the entropy difference between both phases is comparatively small, in particular due to the large amplitude of vibration of the oxygen ions in the fcc phase at the melting temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Fidalgo Cândido
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe Matusalem
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurice de Koning
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xia K, Ding C, Yuan J, Liu C, Gao H, Sun J. Atomic-Scale Pentagraphene Ribbons Stabilized with Alkali Metals under Moderate Pressures. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18229-18237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xia
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing210037, China
| | - Chi Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Jianan Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Cong Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Hao Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niu C, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zeng Z, Wang X. Ultralow Melting Temperature of High-Pressure Face-Centered Cubic Superionic Ice. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7448-7453. [PMID: 35930621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Superionic ice with oxygen in a face-centered cubic (fcc) sublattice is ascribed to the origin of magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune, since the melting temperature (Tm) of fcc-superionic ice is believed to be higher than the isentropes of ice giants. However, precisely measuring the fcc-superionic phase experimentally remains a difficult task. The majority of the systematic investigations of its Tm were performed using perfect oxygen fcc-sublattice computations, which could result in superheating and overestimation of Tm. On the basis of the ab initio molecular dynamics method and the model with H2O vacancy, we avoid superheating and obtain a much lower Tm than previous reports, indicating that fcc-superionic ice cannot exist in the interiors of Uranus and Neptune. Further simulations with the two-phase method justify the conclusion. The results suggest that superheating should be seriously treated when simulating the phase diagram of other hydrogen-related superionic states, which are widely used to understand the properties of ice giants, Earth, and Venus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caoping Niu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hanxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reinhardt A, Bethkenhagen M, Coppari F, Millot M, Hamel S, Cheng B. Thermodynamics of high-pressure ice phases explored with atomistic simulations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4707. [PMID: 35948550 PMCID: PMC9365810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most experimentally known high-pressure ice phases have a body-centred cubic (bcc) oxygen lattice. Our large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations with a machine-learning potential indicate that, amongst these bcc ice phases, ices VII, VII′ and X are the same thermodynamic phase under different conditions, whereas superionic ice VII″ has a first-order phase boundary with ice VII′. Moreover, at about 300 GPa, the transformation between ice X and the Pbcm phase has a sharp structural change but no apparent activation barrier, whilst at higher pressures the barrier gradually increases. Our study thus clarifies the phase behaviour of the high-pressure ices and reveals peculiar solid–solid transition mechanisms not known in other systems. Many experimentally known high-pressure ice phase are structurally very similar. Here authors elucidate the phase behaviour of the high-pressure insulating ices and reveal solid-solid transition mechanisms not known in other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleks Reinhardt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mandy Bethkenhagen
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Federica Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Marius Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Sebastien Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Bingqing Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Toffano A, Russo J, Rescigno M, Ranieri U, Bove LE, Martelli F. Temperature- and pressure-dependence of the hydrogen bond network in plastic ice VII. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We model, via classical molecular dynamics simulations, the plastic phase of ice VII across a wide range of the phase diagram of interest for planetary investigations. Although structural and dynamical properties of plastic ice VII are mostly independent on the thermodynamic conditions, the hydrogen bond network (HBN) acquires a diverse spectrum of topologies distinctly different from that of liquid water and of ice VII simulated at the same pressure. We observe that the HBN topology of plastic ice carries some degree of similarity with the crystal phase, stronger at thermodynamic conditions proximal to ice VII, and gradually lessening upon approaching the liquid state. Our results enrich our understanding of the properties of water at high pressure and high temperature, and may help in rationalizing the geology of
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Rescigno
- Physics, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hernandez JA, Caracas R, Labrosse S. Stability of high-temperature salty ice suggests electrolyte permeability in water-rich exoplanet icy mantles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3303. [PMID: 35729158 PMCID: PMC9213484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolytes play an important role in the internal structure and dynamics of water-rich satellites and potentially water-rich exoplanets. However, in planets, the presence of a large high-pressure ice mantle is thought to hinder the exchange and transport of electrolytes between various liquid and solid deep layers. Here we show, using first-principles simulations, that up to 2.5 wt% NaCl can be dissolved in dense water ice at interior conditions of water-rich super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. The salt impurities enhance the diffusion of H atoms, extending the stability field of recently discovered superionic ice, and push towards higher pressures the transition to the stiffer ice X phase. Scaling laws for thermo-compositional convection show that salts entering the high pressure ice layer can be readily transported across. These findings suggest that the high-pressure ice mantle of water-rich exoplanets is permeable to the convective transport of electrolytes between the inner rocky core and the outer liquid layer. Hot cubic ice is shown to retain dissolved salt in its lattice, suggesting the mantle of water-rich exoplanets is more permeable to electrolytes than assumed, which has implications on its properties and on the element cycles inside such planets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Alexis Hernandez
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France. .,CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon LGLTPE UMR 5276, Lyon, 69364, France. .,Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0315, Norway.
| | - Razvan Caracas
- CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon LGLTPE UMR 5276, Lyon, 69364, France.,Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0315, Norway.,Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Stéphane Labrosse
- CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon LGLTPE UMR 5276, Lyon, 69364, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weck G, Queyroux JA, Ninet S, Datchi F, Mezouar M, Loubeyre P. Evidence and Stability Field of fcc Superionic Water Ice Using Static Compression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:165701. [PMID: 35522490 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural transformation of hot dense water ice is investigated by combining synchrotron x-ray diffraction and a laser-heating diamond anvil cell above 25 GPa. A transition from the body-centered-cubic (bcc) to face-centered-cubic (fcc) oxygen atoms sublattices is observed from 57 GPa and 1500 K to 166 GPa and 2500 K. That is the structural signature of the transition to fcc superionic (fcc SI) ice. The sign of the density discontinuity at the transition is obtained and a phase diagram is disclosed, showing an extended fcc SI stability field. Present data also constrain the stability field of the bcc superionic (bcc SI) ice up to 100 GPa at least. The current understanding of warm dense water ice based on ab initio simulations is discussed in the light of present data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Weck
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Lab Matiere Condit Extremes, CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France
| | | | - Sandra Ninet
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD UMR 206, MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Datchi
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD UMR 206, MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Mezouar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Boîte Postale 220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Loubeyre
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Lab Matiere Condit Extremes, CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He Y, Sun S, Kim DY, Jang BG, Li H, Mao HK. Superionic iron alloys and their seismic velocities in Earth's inner core. Nature 2022; 602:258-262. [PMID: 35140389 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Earth's inner core (IC) is less dense than pure iron, indicating the existence of light elements within it1. Silicon, sulfur, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen have been suggested to be the candidates2,3, and the properties of iron-light-element alloys have been studied to constrain the IC composition4-19. Light elements have a substantial influence on the seismic velocities4-13, the melting temperatures14-17 and the thermal conductivities18,19 of iron alloys. However, the state of the light elements in the IC is rarely considered. Here, using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we find that hydrogen, oxygen and carbon in hexagonal close-packed iron transform to a superionic state under the IC conditions, showing high diffusion coefficients like a liquid. This suggests that the IC can be in a superionic state rather than a normal solid state. The liquid-like light elements lead to a substantial reduction in the seismic velocities, which approach the seismological observations of the IC20,21. The substantial decrease in shear-wave velocity provides an explanation for the soft IC21. In addition, the light-element convection has a potential influence on the IC seismological structure and magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China. .,Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shichuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duck Young Kim
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gyu Jang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Heping Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao H, Liu C, Shi J, Pan S, Huang T, Lu X, Wang HT, Xing D, Sun J. Superionic Silica-Water and Silica-Hydrogen Compounds in the Deep Interiors of Uranus and Neptune. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:035702. [PMID: 35119900 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.035702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silica, water, and hydrogen are known to be the major components of celestial bodies, and have significant influence on the formation and evolution of giant planets, such as Uranus and Neptune. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to investigate their states and possible reactions under the planetary conditions. Here, using advanced crystal structure searches and first-principles calculations in the Si-O-H system, we find that a silica-water compound (SiO_{2})_{2}(H_{2}O) and a silica-hydrogen compound SiO_{2}H_{2} can exist under high pressures above 450 and 650 GPa, respectively. Further simulations reveal that, at high pressure and high temperature conditions corresponding to the interiors of Uranus and Neptune, these compounds exhibit superionic behavior, in which protons diffuse freely like liquid while the silicon and oxygen framework is fixed as solid. Therefore, these superionic silica-water and silica-hydrogen compounds could be regarded as important components of the deep mantle or core of giants, which also provides an alternative origin for their anomalous magnetic fields. These unexpected physical and chemical properties of the most common natural materials at high pressure offer key clues to understand some abstruse issues including demixing and erosion of the core in giant planets, and shed light on building reliable models for solar giants and exoplanets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Cong Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiuyang Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuning Pan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tianheng Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiancai Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hui-Tian Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dingyu Xing
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gleason AE, Rittman DR, Bolme CA, Galtier E, Lee HJ, Granados E, Ali S, Lazicki A, Swift D, Celliers P, Militzer B, Stanley S, Mao WL. Dynamic compression of water to conditions in ice giant interiors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:715. [PMID: 35027608 PMCID: PMC8758754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries of water-rich Neptune-like exoplanets require a more detailed understanding of the phase diagram of H2O at pressure–temperature conditions relevant to their planetary interiors. The unusual non-dipolar magnetic fields of ice giant planets, produced by convecting liquid ionic water, are influenced by exotic high-pressure states of H2O—yet the structure of ice in this state is challenging to determine experimentally. Here we present X-ray diffraction evidence of a body-centered cubic (BCC) structured H2O ice at 200 GPa and ~ 5000 K, deemed ice XIX, using the X-ray Free Electron Laser of the Linac Coherent Light Source to probe the structure of the oxygen sub-lattice during dynamic compression. Although several cubic or orthorhombic structures have been predicted to be the stable structure at these conditions, we show this BCC ice phase is stable to multi-Mbar pressures and temperatures near the melt boundary. This suggests variable and increased electrical conductivity to greater depths in ice giant planets that may promote the generation of multipolar magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Gleason
- Fundamental Physics Directorate, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. .,Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - D R Rittman
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S Ali
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - A Lazicki
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - D Swift
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - P Celliers
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - B Militzer
- Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S Stanley
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Applied Physics Lab, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - W L Mao
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Futera Z, English NJ. Dielectric properties of ice VII under the influence of time-alternating external electric fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:56-62. [PMID: 34698743 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The high-pressure solid phase of water known as ice VII has recently attracted a lot of attention when its presence was detected in large exoplanets, their icy satellites, and even in Earth's mantle. Moreover, a transition of ice VII to the superionic phase can be triggered by external electric fields. Here, we investigate the dielectric responses of ice VII to applied oscillating electric fields of various frequencies employing non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics. We focus on the dynamical properties of a dipole-ordered ice VII structure, for which we explored external-field-induced electronic polarisation and the vibrational spectral density of states (VDOS). These analyses are important for the understanding of collective motions in the ice-VII lattice and the electronic properties of this exotic water phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Futera
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Niall J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ji J, Zhu W. Insight into the interaction mechanisms of
N
2
/
H
2
O
/
CO
2
/C mixture at extreme conditions by reactive molecular dynamic simulations. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Ji
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Binns J, Hermann A, Peña-Alvarez M, Donnelly ME, Wang M, Kawaguchi SI, Gregoryanz E, Howie RT, Dalladay-Simpson P. Superionicity, disorder, and bandgap closure in dense hydrogen chloride. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9507. [PMID: 34516915 PMCID: PMC8442878 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bond networks play a crucial role in biomolecules and molecular materials such as ices. How these networks react to pressure directs their properties at extreme conditions. We have studied one of the simplest hydrogen bond formers, hydrogen chloride, from crystallization to metallization, covering a pressure range of more than 2.5 million atmospheres. Following hydrogen bond symmetrization, we identify a previously unknown phase by the appearance of new Raman modes and changes to x-ray diffraction patterns that contradict previous predictions. On further compression, a broad Raman band supersedes the well-defined excitations of phase V, despite retaining a crystalline chlorine substructure. We propose that this mode has its origin in proton (H+) mobility and disorder. Above 100 GPa, the optical bandgap closes linearly with extrapolated metallization at 240(10) GPa. Our findings suggest that proton dynamics can drive changes in these networks even at very high densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Binns
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Andreas Hermann
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
| | - Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
| | - Mary-Ellen Donnelly
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengnan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ross T. Howie
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Philip Dalladay-Simpson
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Ren J. Strain-Driven Switchable Thermal Conductivity in Ferroelastic PdSe 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34724-34731. [PMID: 34266241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Materials with either high or low lattice thermal conductivity are remarkable for thermal management with applying in high-power electronic, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric devices. The realization of thermal switch between high and low thermal conductivities can greatly promote the ability of thermal energy control. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we propose that ferroelastic PdSe2 can achieve continuous switchable thermal conductivity through strain-driven structural phase transition. Thermal switch we explored mainly stems from soft mechanical properties and strong anharmonicity of the structure after ferroelastic phase transition. We demonstrate that the maximum ratio of thermal switch can reach an order of magnitude, indicating PdSe2 as a promising candidate in thermal devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab on Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab on Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang L, Wang H, Car R, E W. Phase Diagram of a Deep Potential Water Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:236001. [PMID: 34170175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.236001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using the Deep Potential methodology, we construct a model that reproduces accurately the potential energy surface of the SCAN approximation of density functional theory for water, from low temperature and pressure to about 2400 K and 50 GPa, excluding the vapor stability region. The computational efficiency of the model makes it possible to predict its phase diagram using molecular dynamics. Satisfactory overall agreement with experimental results is obtained. The fluid phases, molecular and ionic, and all the stable ice polymorphs, ordered and disordered, are predicted correctly, with the exception of ice III and XV that are stable in experiments, but metastable in the model. The evolution of the atomic dynamics upon heating, as ice VII transforms first into ice VII^{''} and then into an ionic fluid, reveals that molecular dissociation and breaking of the ice rules coexist with strong covalent fluctuations, explaining why only partial ionization was inferred in experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Zhang
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Fenghao East Road 2, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Weinan E
- Department of Mathematics and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA and Beijing Institute of Big Data Research, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ye QJ, Zhuang L, Li XZ. Dynamic Nature of High-Pressure Ice VII. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:185501. [PMID: 34018788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.185501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Starting from Shannon's definition of dynamic entropy, we propose a theory to describe the rare-event-determined dynamic states in condensed matter and their transitions and apply it to high-pressure ice VII. A dynamic intensive quantity named dynamic field, rather than the conventional thermodynamic intensive quantities such as temperature and pressure, is taken as the controlling variable. The dynamic entropy versus dynamic field curve demonstrates two dynamic states in the stability region of ice VII and dynamic ice VII. Their microscopic differences were assigned to the dynamic patterns of proton transfer. This study puts a similar dynamical theory used in earlier studies of glass models on a simpler and more fundamental basis, which could be applied to describe the dynamic states of more realistic condensed matter systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials, Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Nondipolar magnetic fields exhibited at Uranus and Neptune may be derived from a unique geometry of their icy mantle with a thin convective layer on top of a stratified nonconvective layer. The presence of superionic H2O and NH3 has been thought as an explanation to stabilize such nonconvective regions. However, a lack of experimental data on the physical properties of those superionic phases has prevented the clarification of this matter. Here, our Brillouin measurements for NH3 show a two-stage reduction in longitudinal wave velocity (V p) by ∼9% and ∼20% relative to the molecular solid in the temperature range of 1,500 K and 2,000 K above 47 GPa. While the first V p reduction observed at the boundary to the superionic α phase was most likely due to the onset of the hydrogen diffusion, the further one was likely attributed to the transition to another superionic phase, denoted γ phase, exhibiting the higher diffusivity. The reduction rate of V p in the superionic γ phase, comparable to that of the liquid, implies that this phase elastically behaves almost like a liquid. Our measurements show that superionic NH3 becomes convective and cannot contribute to the internal stratification.
Collapse
|
23
|
Queyroux JA, Hernandez JA, Weck G, Ninet S, Plisson T, Klotz S, Garbarino G, Guignot N, Mezouar M, Hanfland M, Itié JP, Datchi F. Melting Curve and Isostructural Solid Transition in Superionic Ice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:195501. [PMID: 33216588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.195501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram and melting curve of water ice is investigated up to 45 GPa and 1600 K by synchrotron x-ray diffraction in the resistively and laser heated diamond anvil cell. Our melting data evidence a triple point at 14.6 GPa, 850 K. The latter is shown to be related to a first-order solid transition from the dynamically disordered form of ice VII, denoted ice VII^{'}, toward a high-temperature phase with the same bcc oxygen lattice but larger volume and higher entropy. Our experiments are compared to ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, enabling us to identify the high-temperature bcc phase with the predicted superionic ice VII^{''} phase [J.-A. Hernandez and R. Caracas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 135503 (2016).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.117.135503].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-A Queyroux
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), DAM Ile-de-France (DIF), F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J-A Hernandez
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, 1028 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - G Weck
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), DAM Ile-de-France (DIF), F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S Ninet
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - T Plisson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), DAM Ile-de-France (DIF), F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S Klotz
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - G Garbarino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - N Guignot
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Mezouar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - M Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - J-P Itié
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - F Datchi
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Adachi Y, Koga K. Structure and phase behavior of high-density ice from molecular-dynamics simulations with the ReaxFF potential. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:114501. [PMID: 32962394 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a molecular dynamics simulation study of dense ice modeled by the reactive force field (ReaxFF) potential, focusing on the possibility of phase changes between crystalline and plastic phases as observed in earlier simulation studies with rigid water models. It is demonstrated that the present model system exhibits phase transitions, or crossovers, among ice VII and two plastic ices with face-centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice structures. The phase diagram derived from the ReaxFF potential is different from those of the rigid water models in that the bcc plastic phase lies on the high-pressure side of ice VII and does the fcc plastic phase on the low-pressure side of ice VII. The phase boundary between the fcc and bcc plastic phases on the pressure, temperature plane extends to the high-temperature region from the triple point of ice VII, fcc plastic, and bcc plastic phases. Proton hopping, i.e., delocalization of a proton, along between two neighboring oxygen atoms in dense ice is observed for the ReaxFF potential but only at pressures and temperatures both much higher than those at which ice VII-plastic ice transitions are observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Adachi
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Koga
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu C, Gao Y, Zhu W, Liu Y, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Computational Prediction of Novel Ice Phases: A Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7449-7461. [PMID: 32787287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although computational prediction of new ice phases is a niche field in water science, the scientific subject itself is representative of two important areas in physical chemistry, namely, statistical thermodynamics and molecular simulations. The prediction of a variety of novel ice phases has also attracted general public interest since the 1980s. In particular, the prediction of low-dimensional ice phases has gained momentum since the confirmation of a number of low-dimensional "computer ice" phases in the laboratory over the past decade. In this Perspective, the research advancements in computational prediction of novel ice phases over the past few years are reviewed. Particular attention is placed on new ice phases whose physical properties or dimensional structures are distinctly different from conventional bulk ices. Specific topics include the (i) formation of superionic ices, (ii) electrofreezing of water under high pressure and in a high external electric field, (iii) prediction of low-density porous ice at strongly negative pressure, (iv) ab initio computational study of two-dimensional (2D) ice under nanoscale confinement, and (v) 2D ices formed on a solid surface near ambient temperature without nanoscale confinement. Clearly, the formation of most of these novel ice phases demands certain extreme conditions. Ongoing challenges and new opportunities for predicting new ice phases from either classical molecular dynamics simulation or high-level ab initio computation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongqin Zhu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yurui Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Weiduo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin Y, Olvera de la Cruz M. Sublattice melting in binary superionic colloidal crystals. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032603. [PMID: 32289975 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In superionic compounds one component premelts, providing high ionic conductivity to solid-state electrolytes. Here we find sublattice melting in colloidal crystals of oppositely charged particles that are highly asymmetric in size and charge in salt solutions. The small particles in ionic compounds melt when the temperature increases, forming a superionic phase. These delocalized small particles in a crystal of large oppositely charged particles, in contrast to superionic phases in atomic systems, form crystals with nonelectroneutral stoichiometric ratios. This generates structures with multiple domains of ionic crystals in percolated superionic phases with adjustable stoichiometries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yange Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Anomalous hydrogen dynamics of the ice VII-VIII transition revealed by high-pressure neutron diffraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6356-6361. [PMID: 32161135 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920447117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Above 2 GPa the phase diagram of water simplifies considerably and exhibits only two solid phases up to 60 GPa, ice VII and ice VIII. The two phases are related to each other by hydrogen ordering, with the oxygen sublattice being essentially the same. Here we present neutron diffraction data to 15 GPa which reveal that the rate of hydrogen ordering at the ice VII-VIII transition decreases strongly with pressure to reach timescales of minutes at 10 GPa. Surprisingly, the ordering process becomes more rapid again upon further compression. We show that such an unusual change in transition rate can be explained by a slowing down of the rotational dynamics of water molecules with a simultaneous increase of translational motion of hydrogen under pressure, as previously suspected. The observed cross-over in the hydrogen dynamics in ice is likely the origin of various hitherto unexplained anomalies of ice VII in the 10-15 GPa range reported by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and proton conductivity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Stability of H 3O at extreme conditions and implications for the magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5638-5643. [PMID: 32127483 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921811117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anomalous nondipolar and nonaxisymmetric magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune have long challenged conventional views of planetary dynamos. A thin-shell dynamo conjecture captures the observed phenomena but leaves unexplained the fundamental material basis and underlying mechanism. Here we report extensive quantum-mechanical calculations of polymorphism in the hydrogen-oxygen system at the pressures and temperatures of the deep interiors of these ice giant planets (to >600 GPa and 7,000 K). The results reveal the surprising stability of solid and fluid trihydrogen oxide (H3O) at these extreme conditions. Fluid H3O is metallic and calculated to be stable near the cores of Uranus and Neptune. As a convecting fluid, the material could give rise to the magnetic field consistent with the thin-shell dynamo model proposed for these planets. H3O could also be a major component in both solid and superionic forms in other (e.g., nonconvecting) layers. The results thus provide a materials basis for understanding the enigmatic magnetic-field anomalies and other aspects of the interiors of Uranus and Neptune. These findings have direct implications for the internal structure, composition, and dynamos of related exoplanets.
Collapse
|
29
|
Nanosecond X-ray diffraction of shock-compressed superionic water ice. Nature 2019; 569:251-255. [PMID: 31068720 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since Bridgman's discovery of five solid water (H2O) ice phases1 in 1912, studies on the extraordinary polymorphism of H2O have documented more than seventeen crystalline and several amorphous ice structures2,3, as well as rich metastability and kinetic effects4,5. This unique behaviour is due in part to the geometrical frustration of the weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the sizeable quantum motion of the light hydrogen ions (protons). Particularly intriguing is the prediction that H2O becomes superionic6-12-with liquid-like protons diffusing through the solid lattice of oxygen-when subjected to extreme pressures exceeding 100 gigapascals and high temperatures above 2,000 kelvin. Numerical simulations suggest that the characteristic diffusion of the protons through the empty sites of the oxygen solid lattice (1) gives rise to a surprisingly high ionic conductivity above 100 Siemens per centimetre, that is, almost as high as typical metallic (electronic) conductivity, (2) greatly increases the ice melting temperature7-13 to several thousand kelvin, and (3) favours new ice structures with a close-packed oxygen lattice13-15. Because confining such hot and dense H2O in the laboratory is extremely challenging, experimental data are scarce. Recent optical measurements along the Hugoniot curve (locus of shock states) of water ice VII showed evidence of superionic conduction and thermodynamic signatures for melting16, but did not confirm the microscopic structure of superionic ice. Here we use laser-driven shockwaves to simultaneously compress and heat liquid water samples to 100-400 gigapascals and 2,000-3,000 kelvin. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements show that under these conditions, water solidifies within a few nanoseconds into nanometre-sized ice grains that exhibit unambiguous evidence for the crystalline oxygen lattice of superionic water ice. The X-ray diffraction data also allow us to document the compressibility of ice at these extreme conditions and a temperature- and pressure-induced phase transformation from a body-centred-cubic ice phase (probably ice X) to a novel face-centred-cubic, superionic ice phase, which we name ice XVIII2,17.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hernandez JA, Caracas R. Proton dynamics and the phase diagram of dense water ice. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5028389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.-A. Hernandez
- Laboratoire d’utilisation des lasers intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, LGLTPE UMR CNRS 5276, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - R. Caracas
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, LGLTPE UMR CNRS 5276, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|