1
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Tran S, Tran KC, Saenz Rodriguez A, Kong W. Kinetic energy distributions of atomic ions from disintegration of argon containing nanoclusters in moderately intense nanosecond laser fields: Coulomb explosion or hydrodynamic expansion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8631-8640. [PMID: 38436420 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
We report kinetic energies (KE) of multiply charged atomic ions (MCAI) from interactions of moderately intense nanosecond lasers at 532 nm with argon containing clusters, including neat and doped clusters with a trace amount of trichlorobenzene. We develop a mathematical method to retrieve speed and thereby kinetic energy information from analyzing the time-of-flight profiles of the MCAI. This method should be generally applicable in detections of energetic charged particles with high velocities, a realm where velocity map imaging is inadequate. From this analysis, we discover that the KE of MCAI from doped clusters demonstrates a quadratic dependence on the charge of the atomic ions, while for neat clusters, the dependence is cubic. This result confirms the nature of the cluster disintegration process to be dominated by Coulomb explosion. This result bears more similarity to reports from extreme vacuum ultraviolet (EUV) fields with similar intensities, than to reports from near infrared (NIR) intense laser fields. However, the charge state distribution from our experiment is the opposite: we observe more higher charge state ions than reported in EUV fields, and our charge state distribution is actually similar to those reported in NIR fields. We also report a significant effect of the external electric field on the charge state distribution of the atomic ions: the presence of an electric field can significantly increase the charge from the atomic ions, as shown by a three-fold reduction in the average kinetic energy per charge. Although molecular dynamics simulations have been implemented for experiments in the EUV and NIR, our results allude to the need of a concerted effort in this regime of moderately intense nanosecond laser fields. The significant decrease in charge state distribution and the significant increase in KE from doped clusters, compared with neat clusters, is a telltale sign that the true interaction time between the laser field and the cluster may be substantially shorter than the duration of the laser, a welcome relief for molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
| | - Kim C Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
| | - Axel Saenz Rodriguez
- Department of Mathematics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
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2
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Ngai A, Dulitz K, Hartweg S, Franz JC, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F. Method of kinetic energy reconstruction from time-of-flight mass spectra. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033305. [PMID: 38517257 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a method for the reconstruction of ion kinetic energy distributions from ion time-of-flight mass spectra through ion trajectory simulations. In particular, this method is applicable to complicated spectrometer geometries with largely anisotropic ion collection efficiencies. A calibration procedure using a single ion mass peak allows the accurate determination of parameters related to the spectrometer calibration, experimental alignment, and instrument response function, which improves the agreement between simulations and experiment. The calibrated simulation is used to generate a set of basis functions for the time-of-flight spectra, which are then used to transform from time-of-flight to kinetic-energy spectra. We demonstrate this reconstruction method on a recent pump-probe experiment by Asmussen et al. [Asmussen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23, 15138, (2021)] on helium nanodroplets and retrieve time-resolved kinetic-energy-release spectra for the ions from ion time-of-flight spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ngai
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Dulitz
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Hartweg
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J C Franz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Bacellar C, Chatterley AS, Lackner F, Pemmaraju CD, Tanyag RMP, Verma D, Bernando C, O'Connell SMO, Bucher M, Ferguson KR, Gorkhover T, Coffee RN, Coslovich G, Ray D, Osipov T, Neumark DM, Bostedt C, Vilesov AF, Gessner O. Anisotropic Surface Broadening and Core Depletion during the Evolution of a Strong-Field Induced Nanoplasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:073201. [PMID: 36018694 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strong-field ionization of nanoscale clusters provides excellent opportunities to study the complex correlated electronic and nuclear dynamics of near-solid density plasmas. Yet, monitoring ultrafast, nanoscopic dynamics in real-time is challenging, which often complicates a direct comparison between theory and experiment. Here, near-infrared laser-induced plasma dynamics in ∼600 nm diameter helium droplets are studied by femtosecond time-resolved x-ray coherent diffractive imaging. An anisotropic, ∼20 nm wide surface region, defined as the range where the density lies between 10% and 90% of the core value, is established within ∼100 fs, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. At longer timescales, however, the width of this region remains largely constant while the radius of the dense plasma core shrinks at average rates of ≈71 nm/ps along and ≈33 nm/ps perpendicular to the laser polarization. These dynamics are not captured by previous plasma expansion models. The observations are phenomenologically described within a numerical simulation; details of the underlying physics, however, remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bacellar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Florian Lackner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C D Pemmaraju
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Deepak Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Charles Bernando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Sean M O O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan N Coffee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Giacomo Coslovich
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Timur Osipov
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Ho PJ, Knight C, Young L. Fluorescence intensity correlation imaging with high spatial resolution and elemental contrast using intense x-ray pulses. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:044101. [PMID: 34368392 PMCID: PMC8324305 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the fluorescence intensity correlation (FIC) of Ar clusters and Mo-doped iron oxide nanoparticles subjected to intense, femtosecond, and sub-femtosecond x-ray free-electron laser pulses for high-resolution and elemental contrast imaging. We present the FIC of K α and K α h emission in Ar clusters and discuss the impact of sample damage on retrieving high-resolution structural information and compare the obtained structural information with those from the coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) approach. We found that, while sub-femtosecond pulses will substantially benefit the CDI approach, few-femtosecond pulses may be sufficient for achieving high-resolution information with the FIC. Furthermore, we show that the fluorescence intensity correlation computed from the fluorescence of the Mo atoms in Mo-doped iron oxide nanoparticles can be used to image dopant distributions in the nonresonant regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phay J. Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Christopher Knight
- Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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Oelze T, Kulyk O, Schütte B, Frühling U, Klimešová E, Jagielski B, Dittrich L, Drescher M, Pan R, Stojanovic N, Polovinkin V, Khakurel KP, Muehlig K, Bermudez Macias IJ, Düsterer S, Faatz B, Andreasson J, Wieland M, Krikunova M. THz streak camera performance for single-shot characterization of XUV pulses with complex temporal structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:20686-20703. [PMID: 32680123 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The THz-field-driven streak camera has proven to be a powerful diagnostic-technique that enables the shot-to-shot characterization of the duration and the arrival time jitter of free electron laser (FEL) pulses. Here we investigate the performance of three computational approaches capable to determine the duration of FEL pulses with complex temporal structures from single-shot measurements of up to three simultaneously recorded spectra. We use numerically simulated FEL pulses in order to validate the accuracy of the pulse length retrieval in average as well as in a single-shot mode. We discuss requirements for the THz field strength in order to achieve reliable results and compare our numerical study with the analysis of experimental data that were obtained at the FEL in Hamburg - FLASH.
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Lyu C, Cavaletto SM, Keitel CH, Harman Z. Narrow-band hard-x-ray lasing with highly charged ions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9439. [PMID: 32523007 PMCID: PMC7287111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A scheme is put forward to generate fully coherent x-ray lasers based on population inversion in highly charged ions, created by fast inner-shell photoionization using broadband x-ray free-electron-laser (XFEL) pulses in a laser-produced plasma. Numerical simulations based on the Maxwell–Bloch theory show that one can obtain high-intensity, femtosecond x-ray pulses of relative bandwidths Δω/ω = 10−5–10−7, by orders of magnitude narrower than in x-ray free-electron-laser pulses for discrete wavelengths down to the sub-ångström regime. Such x-ray lasers can be applicable in the study of x-ray quantum optics and metrology, investigating nonlinear interactions between x-rays and matter, or in high-precision spectroscopy studies in laboratory astrophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Lyu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rupp D, Flückiger L, Adolph M, Colombo A, Gorkhover T, Harmand M, Krikunova M, Müller JP, Oelze T, Ovcharenko Y, Richter M, Sauppe M, Schorb S, Treusch R, Wolter D, Bostedt C, Möller T. Imaging plasma formation in isolated nanoparticles with ultrafast resonant scattering. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:034303. [PMID: 32596413 PMCID: PMC7304997 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have recorded the diffraction patterns from individual xenon clusters irradiated with intense extreme ultraviolet pulses to investigate the influence of light-induced electronic changes on the scattering response. The clusters were irradiated with short wavelength pulses in the wavelength regime of different 4d inner-shell resonances of neutral and ionic xenon, resulting in distinctly different optical properties from areas in the clusters with lower or higher charge states. The data show the emergence of a transient structure with a spatial extension of tens of nanometers within the otherwise homogeneous sample. Simulations indicate that ionization and nanoplasma formation result in a light-induced outer shell in the cluster with a strongly altered refractive index. The presented resonant scattering approach enables imaging of ultrafast electron dynamics on their natural timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rupp
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | | | - Marcus Adolph
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tais Gorkhover
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tim Oelze
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maria Richter
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Möller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Multispectroscopic Study of Single Xe Clusters Using XFEL Pulses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver ultrashort coherent laser pulses in the X-ray spectral regime, enabling novel investigations into the structure of individual nanoscale samples. In this work, we demonstrate how single-shot small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements combined with fluorescence and ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy can be used to obtain size- and structure-selective evaluation of the light-matter interaction processes on the nanoscale. We recorded the SAXS images of single xenon clusters using XFEL pulses provided by the SPring-8 Angstrom compact free-electron laser (SACLA). The XFEL fluences and the radii of the clusters at the reaction point were evaluated and the ion TOF spectra and fluorescence spectra were sorted accordingly. We found that the XFEL fluence and cluster size extracted from the diffraction patterns showed a clear correlation with the fluorescence and ion TOF spectra. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the multispectroscopic approach for exploring laser–matter interaction in the X-ray regime without the influence of the size distribution of samples and the fluence distribution of the incident XFEL pulses.
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Klimešová E, Kulyk O, Gu Y, Dittrich L, Korn G, Hajdu J, Krikunova M, Andreasson J. Plasma channel formation in NIR laser-irradiated carrier gas from an aerosol nanoparticle injector. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8851. [PMID: 31221980 PMCID: PMC6586673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol nanoparticle injectors are fundamentally important for experiments where container-free sample handling is needed to study isolated nanoparticles. The injector consists of a nebuliser, a differential pumping unit, and an aerodynamic lens to create and deliver a focused particle beam to the interaction point inside a vacuum chamber. The tightest focus of the particle beam is close to the injector tip. The density of the focusing carrier gas is high at this point. We show here how this gas interacts with a near infrared laser pulse (800 nm wavelength, 120 fs pulse duration) at intensities approaching 1016 Wcm-2. We observe acceleration of gas ions to kinetic energies of 100s eV and study their energies as a function of the carrier gas density. Our results indicate that field ionisation by the intense near-infrared laser pulse opens up a plasma channel behind the laser pulse. The observations can be understood in terms of a Coulomb explosion of the created underdense plasma channel. The results can be used to estimate gas background in experiments with the injector and they open up opportunities for a new class of studies on electron and ion dynamics in nanoparticles surrounded by a low-density gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klimešová
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Olena Kulyk
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Yanjun Gu
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Dittrich
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, ER 1-1, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Korn
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Janos Hajdu
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Krikunova
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, ER 1-1, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Andreasson
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, Göteborg, Sweden
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