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Narayanan T. Recent advances in synchrotron scattering methods for probing the structure and dynamics of colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103114. [PMID: 38452431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress in synchrotron based X-ray scattering methods applied to colloid science is reviewed. An important figure of merit of these techniques is that they enable in situ investigations of colloidal systems under the desired thermophysical and rheological conditions. An ensemble averaged simultaneous structural and dynamical information can be derived albeit in reciprocal space. Significant improvements in X-ray source brilliance and advances in detector technology have overcome some of the limitations in the past. Notably coherent X-ray scattering techniques have become more competitive and they provide complementary information to laboratory based real space methods. For a system with sufficient scattering contrast, size ranges from nm to several μm and time scales down to μs are now amenable to X-ray scattering investigations. A wide variety of sample environments can be combined with scattering experiments further enriching the science that could be pursued by means of advanced X-ray scattering instruments. Some of these recent progresses are illustrated via representative examples. To derive quantitative information from the scattering data, rigorous data analysis or modeling is required. Development of powerful computational tools including the use of artificial intelligence have become the emerging trend.
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2
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Chèvremont W, Zinn T, Narayanan T. Improvement of ultra-small-angle XPCS with the Extremely Brilliant Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:65-76. [PMID: 37933847 PMCID: PMC10833426 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523008627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical developments and the performance of the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) method over the ultra-small-angle range with the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) at the ESRF are described. With higher monochromatic coherent photon flux (∼1012 photons s-1) provided by the EBS and the availability of a fast pixel array detector (EIGER 500K detector operating at 23000 frames s-1), XPCS has become more competitive for probing faster dynamics in relatively dilute suspensions. One of the goals of the present development is to increase the user-friendliness of the method. This is achieved by means of a Python-based graphical user interface that enables online visualization and analysis of the processed data. The improved performance of XPCS on the Time-Resolved Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering instrument (ID02 beamline) is demonstrated using dilute model colloidal suspensions in several different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chèvremont
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
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3
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Li H, Ladd-Parada M, Karina A, Dallari F, Reiser M, Perakis F, Striker NN, Sprung M, Westermeier F, Grübel G, Steffen W, Lehmkühler F, Amann-Winkel K. Intrinsic Dynamics of Amorphous Ice Revealed by a Heterodyne Signal in X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Experiments. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10999-11007. [PMID: 38039400 PMCID: PMC10726389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the mechanism of water's glass transition and the interconnection between amorphous ices and liquid water plays an important role in our overall understanding of water. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments were conducted to study the dynamics and the complex interplay between the hypothesized glass transition in high-density amorphous ice (HDA) and the subsequent transition to low-density amorphous ice (LDA). Our XPCS experiments demonstrate that a heterodyne signal appears in the correlation function. Such a signal is known to originate from the interplay of a static component and a dynamic component. Quantitative analysis was performed on this heterodyne signal to extract the intrinsic dynamics of amorphous ice during the HDA-LDA transition. An angular dependence indicates non-isotropic, heterogeneous dynamics in the sample. Using the Stokes-Einstein relation to extract diffusion coefficients, the data are consistent with the scenario of static LDA islands floating within a diffusive matrix of high-density liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 11421 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aigerim Karina
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nele N. Striker
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg
Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- European
X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Werner Steffen
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg
Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Zinn T, Sharpnack L, Narayanan T. Dynamics of magnetic Janus colloids studied by ultra small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2311-2318. [PMID: 36415911 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The orientation behavior and the translational dynamics of spherical magnetic silica-nickel Janus colloids in an external magnetic field have been studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at ultra small-angles. For weak applied fields and at low volume fractions, the particle dynamics is dominated by Brownian motion even though the net magnetic moments of the individual particles are aligned in the direction of the field as indicated by the anisotropy in the small-angle scattering patterns. For higher fields the magnetic forces result in more complex structural changes with nickel caps of Janus particles pointing predominantly along the applied magnetic field. The alignment ultimately leads to chain-like configurations and the intensity-intensity autocorrelation functions, g2(q,t), show a second slower decay which becomes more pronounced at higher volume fractions. A direction dependent analysis of g2(q,t) revealed a faster than exponential decay perpendicular to the field which is related to the sedimentation of magnetically ordered domains. The corresponding velocity fluctuations could be decoupled from the diffusion of particles by decomposing g2(q,t) into advective and diffusive contributions. Finally, the particle dynamics becomes anisotropic at higher volume fractions and strong magnetic fields. The derived translational diffusion coefficients indicate slower particle dynamics perpendicular to the field as compared to the parallel direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zinn
- The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France.
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5
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Switalski K, Fan J, Li L, Chu M, Sarnello E, Jemian P, Li T, Wang Q, Zhang Q. Direct measurement of Stokes-Einstein diffusion of Cowpea mosaic virus with 19 µs-resolved XPCS. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1429-1435. [PMID: 36345751 PMCID: PMC9641563 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522008402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brownian motion of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in water was measured using small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (SA-XPCS) at 19.2 µs time resolution. It was found that the decorrelation time τ(Q) = 1/DQ2 up to Q = 0.091 nm-1. The hydrodynamic radius RH determined from XPCS using Stokes-Einstein diffusion D = kT/(6πηRH) is 43% larger than the geometric radius R0 determined from SAXS in the 0.007 M K3PO4 buffer solution, whereas it is 80% larger for CPMV in 0.5 M NaCl and 104% larger in 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4, a possible effect of aggregation as well as slight variation of the structures of the capsid resulting from the salt-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Switalski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Luxi Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Miaoqi Chu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Erik Sarnello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Pete Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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6
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Jung D, Uttinger MJ, Malgaretti P, Peukert W, Walter J, Harting J. Hydrodynamic simulations of sedimenting dilute particle suspensions under repulsive DLVO interactions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2157-2167. [PMID: 35212700 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present guidelines to estimate the effect of electrostatic repulsion in sedimenting dilute particle suspensions. Our results are based on combined Langevin dynamics and lattice Boltzmann simulations for a range of particle radii, Debye lengths and particle concentrations. They show a simple relationship between the slope K of the concentration-dependent sedimentation velocity and the range χ of the electrostatic repulsion normalized by the average particle-particle distance. When χ → 0, the particles are too far away from each other to interact electrostatically and K = 6.55 as predicted by the theory of Batchelor. As χ increases, K likewise increases as if the particle radius increased in proportion to χ up to a maximum around χ = 0.4. Over the range χ = 0.4-1, K relaxes exponentially to a concentration-dependent constant consistent with known results for ordered particle distributions. Meanwhile the radial distribution function transitions from a disordered gas-like to a liquid-like form. Power law fits to the concentration-dependent sedimentation velocity similarly yield a simple master curve for the exponent as a function of χ, with a step-like transition from 1 to 1/3 centered around χ = 0.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jung
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Johannes Uttinger
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paolo Malgaretti
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Walter
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Harting
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany.
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7
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From Femtoseconds to Hours—Measuring Dynamics over 18 Orders of Magnitude with Coherent X-rays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11136179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) enables the study of sample dynamics between micrometer and atomic length scales. As a coherent scattering technique, it benefits from the increased brilliance of the next-generation synchrotron radiation and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) sources. In this article, we will introduce the XPCS concepts and review the latest developments of XPCS with special attention on the extension of accessible time scales to sub-μs and the application of XPCS at FELs. Furthermore, we will discuss future opportunities of XPCS and the related technique X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy (XSVS) at new X-ray sources. Due to its particular signal-to-noise ratio, the time scales accessible by XPCS scale with the square of the coherent flux, allowing to dramatically extend its applications. This will soon enable studies over more than 18 orders of magnitude in time by XPCS and XSVS.
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8
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Emergence of anomalous dynamics in soft matter probed at the European XFEL. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24110-24116. [PMID: 32934145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003337117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics and kinetics in soft matter physics, biology, and nanoscience frequently occur on fast (sub)microsecond but not ultrafast timescales which are difficult to probe experimentally. The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL), a megahertz hard X-ray Free-Electron Laser source, enables such experiments via taking series of diffraction patterns at repetition rates of up to 4.5 MHz. Here, we demonstrate X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) with submicrosecond time resolution of soft matter samples at the European XFEL. We show that the XFEL driven by a superconducting accelerator provides unprecedented beam stability within a pulse train. We performed microsecond sequential XPCS experiments probing equilibrium and nonequilibrium diffusion dynamics in water. We find nonlinear heating on microsecond timescales with dynamics beyond hot Brownian motion and superheated water states persisting up to 100 μs at high fluences. At short times up to 20 μs we observe that the dynamics do not obey the Stokes-Einstein predictions.
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9
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Sachs J, Kottapalli SN, Fischer P, Botin D, Palberg T. Characterization of active matter in dense suspensions with heterodyne laser Doppler velocimetry. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe present a novel approach for characterizing the properties and performance of active matter in dilute suspension as well as in crowded environments. We use Super-Heterodyne Laser-Doppler-Velocimetry (SH-LDV) to study large ensembles of catalytically active Janus particles moving under UV illumination. SH-LDV facilitates a model-free determination of the swimming speed and direction, with excellent ensemble averaging. In addition, we obtain information on the distribution of the catalytic activity. Moreover, SH-LDV operates away from walls and permits a facile correction for multiple scattering contributions. It thus allows for studies of concentrated suspensions of swimmers or of systems where swimmers propel actively in an environment crowded by passive particles. We demonstrate the versatility and the scope of the method with a few selected examples. We anticipate that SH-LDV complements established methods and paves the way for systematic measurements at previously inaccessible boundary conditions.
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10
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Narayanan T, Dattani R, Möller J, Kwaśniewski P. A microvolume shear cell for combined rheology and x-ray scattering experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:085102. [PMID: 32872916 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An experimental setup is presented for x-ray scattering studies of soft matter under shear flow that employs a low-background coaxial capillary cell coupled to a high-resolution commercial rheometer. The rotor of the Searle type cell is attached to the rheometer shaft, which allows the application of either steady or oscillatory shear of controlled stress or rate on the sample confined in the annular space between the stator and the rotor. The shearing device facilitates ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering and ultrasmall-angle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements with relatively low scattering backgrounds. This enables the elucidation of weak structural features otherwise submerged in the background and probes the underlying dynamics. The performance of the setup is demonstrated by means of a variety of colloidal systems subjected to different rheological protocols. Examples include shear deformation of a short-range attractive colloidal gel, dynamics of dilute colloids in shear flow, distortion of the structure factor of a dense repulsive colloidal suspension, shear induced ordering of colloidal crystals, and alignment of multilamellar microtubes formed by a surfactant-polysaccharide mixture. Finally, the new possibilities offered by this setup for investigating soft matter subjected to shear flow by x-ray scattering are discussed.
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11
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Jain A, Schulz F, Lokteva I, Frenzel L, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. Anisotropic and heterogeneous dynamics in an aging colloidal gel. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2864-2872. [PMID: 32108204 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a colloidal gel obtained by quenching a suspension of soft polymer-coated gold nanoparticles close to and below its gelation point using X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). A faster relaxation process emergent from the localized motions of the nanoparticles reveals a dynamically-arrested network at the nanoscale as a key signature of the gelation process. We find that the slower network dynamics is hyperdiffusive with a compressed exponential form, consistent with stress-driven relaxation processes. Specifically, we use direction-dependent correlation functions to characterize the anisotropy in dynamics. We show that the anisotropy is greater for the gel close to its gelation point than at lower temperatures, and the anisotropy decreases as the gel ages. We quantify the anisotropic dynamical heterogeneities emergent in such a stress-driven dynamical system using higher order intensity correlations, and demonstrate that the aging phenomenon contributes significantly to the properties evaluated by the fluctuations in the intensity correlations. Our results provide important insights into the structural origin of the emergent anisotropic and cooperative heterogeneous dynamics, and we discuss analogies with previous work on other soft disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avni Jain
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Dallari F, Martinelli A, Caporaletti F, Sprung M, Grübel G, Monaco G. Microscopic pathways for stress relaxation in repulsive colloidal glasses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz2982. [PMID: 32219168 PMCID: PMC7083620 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Residual stresses are well-known companions of all glassy materials. They affect and, in many cases, even strongly modify important material properties like the mechanical response and the optical transparency. The mechanisms through which stresses affect such properties are, in many cases, still under study, and their full understanding can pave the way to a full exploitation of stress as a primary control parameter. It is, for example, known that stresses promote particle mobility at small length scales, e.g., in colloidal glasses, gels, and metallic glasses, but this connection still remains essentially qualitative. Exploiting a preparation protocol that leads to colloidal glasses with an exceptionally directional built-in stress field, we characterize the stress-induced dynamics and show that it can be visualized as a collection of "flickering," mobile regions with linear sizes of the order of ≈20 particle diameters (≈2 μm here) that move cooperatively, displaying an overall stationary but locally ballistic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Dallari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo (Trento), Italy
| | - A. Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo (Trento), Italy
| | - F. Caporaletti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo (Trento), Italy
| | - M. Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Monaco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo (Trento), Italy
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Narayanan T, Konovalov O. Synchrotron Scattering Methods for Nanomaterials and Soft Matter Research. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E752. [PMID: 32041363 PMCID: PMC7040635 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of broad range of applications of synchrotron scattering methods in the investigation of nanoscale materials. These scattering techniques allow the elucidation of the structure and dynamics of nanomaterials from sub-nm to micron size scales and down to sub-millisecond time ranges both in bulk and at interfaces. A major advantage of scattering methods is that they provide the ensemble averaged information under in situ and operando conditions. As a result, they are complementary to various imaging techniques which reveal more local information. Scattering methods are particularly suitable for probing buried structures that are difficult to image. Although, many qualitative features can be directly extracted from scattering data, derivation of detailed structural and dynamical information requires quantitative modeling. The fourth-generation synchrotron sources open new possibilities for investigating these complex systems by exploiting the enhanced brightness and coherence properties of X-rays.
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14
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Narayanan T, Sztucki M, Van Vaerenbergh P, Léonardon J, Gorini J, Claustre L, Sever F, Morse J, Boesecke P. A multipurpose instrument for time-resolved ultra-small-angle and coherent X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51:1511-1524. [PMID: 30546286 PMCID: PMC6276275 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718012748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the main technical features and performance of the upgraded beamline ID02 at the ESRF. The beamline combines different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in one unique instrument, enabling static and kinetic investigations from ångström to micrometre size scales and time resolution down to the sub-millisecond range. The main component of the instrument is an evacuated detector tube of length 34 m and diameter 2 m. Several different detectors are housed inside a motorized wagon that travels along a rail system, allowing an automated change of the sample-detector distance from about 1 to 31 m as well as selection of the desired detector. For optional combined wide-angle scattering measurements, a wide-angle detector is installed at the entrance cone of the tube. A scattering vector (of magnitude q) range of 0.002 ≤ q ≤ 50 nm-1 is covered with two sample-detector distances and a single-beam setting for an X-ray wavelength of 1 Å. In the high-resolution mode, two-dimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering patterns down to q < 0.001 nm-1 can be recorded, and the resulting one-dimensional profiles have superior quality as compared to those measured with an optimized Bonse-Hart instrument. In the highest-resolution mode, the beam is nearly coherent, thereby permitting multispeckle ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements. The main applications of the instrument include the elucidation of static and transient hierarchical structures, and nonequilibrium dynamics in soft matter and biophysical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Franc Sever
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - John Morse
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
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15
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Pal A, Zinn T, Kamal MA, Narayanan T, Schurtenberger P. Anomalous Dynamics of Magnetic Anisotropic Colloids Studied by XPCS. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802233. [PMID: 30102453 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The influence of an applied magnetic field on the collective dynamics of novel anisotropic colloidal particles whose shape resembles peanuts is reported. Being made up of hematite cores and silica shells, these micrometer-sized particles align in a direction perpendicular to the applied external magnetic field, and assemble into chains along the field direction. The anisotropic dynamics of these particles is investigated using multispeckle ultrasmall-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USA-XPCS). The results indicate that along the direction of the magnetic field, the particle dynamics strongly depends on the length scale probed. Here, the relaxation of the intermediate scattering function follows a compressed exponential behavior at large distances, while it appears diffusive at distances comparable or smaller than the particle size. Perpendicular to the applied field (and along the direction of gravity), the experimental data can be quantitatively reproduced by a combination of an advective term originating from sedimentation and a purely diffusive one that describes the thermal diffusion of the assembled chains and individual particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Pal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Mohammad Arif Kamal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Schurtenberger
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Zinn T, Homs A, Sharpnack L, Tinti G, Fröjdh E, Douissard PA, Kocsis M, Möller J, Chushkin Y, Narayanan T. Ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using the Eiger detector. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1753-1759. [PMID: 30407186 PMCID: PMC6225738 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518013899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Successful implementation of the single-photon-counting Eiger 500k pixel array detector for sub-millisecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements in the ultra-small-angle scattering region is reported. The performance is demonstrated by measuring the dynamics of dilute silica colloids in aqueous solvents when the detector is operated at different counter depths, 4, 8 and 12 bit. In the fastest mode involving 4 bit parallel readout, a stable frame rate of 22 kHz is obtained that enabled measurement of intensity-intensity autocorrelation functions with good statistics down to the 50 µs range for a sample with sufficient scattering power. The high frame rate and spatial resolution together with large number of pixels of the detector facilitate the investigation of sub-millisecond dynamics over a broad length scale by multispeckle XPCS. This is illustrated by an example involving phoretic motion of colloids during the phase separation of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Homs
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - L. Sharpnack
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - G Tinti
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - E Fröjdh
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Kocsis
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - J. Möller
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Y. Chushkin
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - T. Narayanan
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence e-mail:
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17
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Semeraro EF, Dattani R, Narayanan T. Microstructure and dynamics of Janus particles in a phase separating medium. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:014904. [PMID: 29306301 DOI: 10.1063/1.5008400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of interactions and dynamics of Janus colloidal particles suspended in quasi-binary liquid mixtures undergoing phase separation is presented. The experimental system consisted of silica-nickel Janus particles dispersed in mixtures of 3-methylpyridine, water, and heavy water. Colloidal microstructure and dynamics were probed by ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering and ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, respectively. The observed static and dynamic behaviors are significantly different from those found for Stöber silica colloids in this mixture. The Janus particles manifest a slow aggregation below the coexistence temperature and become strongly attractive upon phase separation of the solvent mixture. In the two-phase region, particles tend to display surfactant-like behavior with silica and nickel surfaces likely preferring water and 3-methylpyridine rich phases, respectively. While the onset of diffusiophoretic motion is evident in the dynamics, it is gradually suppressed by particle clustering at the investigated colloid volume fractions.
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18
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Semeraro EF, Devos JM, Narayanan T. Effective interactions and dynamics of small passive particles in an active bacterial medium. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:204905. [PMID: 29865804 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents an investigation of the interparticle interactions and dynamics of submicron silica colloids suspended in a bath of motile Escherichia coli bacteria. The colloidal microstructure and dynamics were probed by ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering and multi-speckles x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, respectively. Both static and hydrodynamic interactions were obtained for different colloid volume fractions and bacteria concentrations as well as when the interparticle interaction potential was modified by the motility buffer. Results suggest that motile bacteria reduce the effective attractive interactions between passive colloids and enhance their dynamics at high colloid volume fractions. The enhanced dynamics under different static interparticle interactions can be rationalized in terms of an effective viscosity of the medium and unified by means of an empirical effective temperature of the system. While the influence of swimming bacteria on the colloid dynamics is significantly lower for small particles, the role of motility buffer on the static and dynamic interactions becomes more pronounced.
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19
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Martínez-Pedrero F, Tierno P. Advances in colloidal manipulation and transport via hydrodynamic interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 519:296-311. [PMID: 29505991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we highlight many recent advances in the field of micromanipulation of colloidal particles using hydrodynamic interactions (HIs), namely solvent mediated long-range interactions. At the micrsocale, the hydrodynamic laws are time reversible and the flow becomes laminar, features that allow precise manipulation and control of colloidal matter. We focus on different strategies where externally operated microstructures generate local flow fields that induce the advection and motion of the surrounding components. In addition, we review cases where the induced flow gives rise to hydrodynamic bound states that may synchronize during the process, a phenomenon essential in different systems such as those that exhibit self-assembly and swarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martínez-Pedrero
- Departamento de Química-Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - P Tierno
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, IN(2)UB, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Ilavsky J, Zhang F, Andrews RN, Kuzmenko I, Jemian PR, Levine LE, Allen AJ. Development of combined microstructure and structure characterization facility for in situ and operando studies at the Advanced Photon Source. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51 Pt 3:10.1107/S160057671800643X. [PMID: 30996401 PMCID: PMC6463311 DOI: 10.1107/s160057671800643x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following many years of evolutionary development, first at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and then at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, the APS ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) facility has been transformed by several new developments. These comprise a conversion to higher-order crystal optics and higher X-ray energies as the standard operating mode, rapid fly scan measurements also as a standard operational mode, automated contiguous pinhole small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at intermediate scattering vectors, and associated rapid wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements for X-ray diffraction without disturbing the sample geometry. With each mode using the USAXS incident beam optics upstream of the sample, USAXS/SAXS/WAXS measurements can now be made within 5 min, allowing in situ and operando measurement capabilities with great flexibility under a wide range of sample conditions. These developments are described, together with examples of their application to investigate materials phenomena of technological importance. Developments of two novel USAXS applications, USAXSbased X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and USAXS imaging, are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ross N. Andrews
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Materials Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Pete R. Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Lyle E. Levine
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew J. Allen
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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