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Bai SY, An JH. Floquet Engineering to Overcome No-Go Theorem of Noisy Quantum Metrology. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:050801. [PMID: 37595225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Permitting a more precise measurement to physical quantities than the classical limit by using quantum resources, quantum metrology holds a promise in developing many revolutionary technologies. However, the noise-induced decoherence forces its superiority to disappear, which is called no-go theorem of noisy quantum metrology and constrains its application. We propose a scheme to overcome the no-go theorem by Floquet engineering. It is found that, by applying a periodic driving on the atoms of the Ramsey spectroscopy, the ultimate sensitivity to measure their frequency characterized by quantum Fisher information returns to the ideal t^{2} scaling with the encoding time whenever a Floquet bound state is formed by the system consisting of each driven atom and its local noise. Combining with the optimal control, this mechanism also allows us to retrieve the ideal Heisenberg-limit scaling with the atom number N. Our result gives an efficient way to avoid the no-go theorem of noisy quantum metrology and to realize high-precision measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, and Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun-Hong An
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, and Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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Gong Z, Bello M, Malz D, Kunst FK. Anomalous Behaviors of Quantum Emitters in Non-Hermitian Baths. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:223601. [PMID: 36493450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Both non-Hermitian systems and the behavior of emitters coupled to structured baths have been studied intensely in recent years. Here, we study the interplay of these paradigmatic settings. In a series of examples, we show that a single quantum emitter coupled to a non-Hermitian bath displays a number of unconventional behaviors, many without Hermitian counterpart. We first consider a unidirectional hopping lattice whose complex dispersion forms a loop. We identify peculiar bound states inside the loop as a manifestation of the non-Hermitian skin effect. In the same setting, emitted photons may display spatial amplification markedly distinct from free propagation, which can be understood with the help of the generalized Brillouin zone. We then consider a nearest-neighbor lattice with alternating loss. We find that the long-time emitter decay always follows a power law, which is usually invisible for Hermitian baths. Our Letter points toward a rich landscape of anomalous quantum emitter dynamics induced by non-Hermitian baths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Gong
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Miguel Bello
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Daniel Malz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Flore K Kunst
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Li BW, Mei QX, Wu YK, Cai ML, Wang Y, Yao L, Zhou ZC, Duan LM. Observation of Non-Markovian Spin Dynamics in a Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard Model Using a Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:140501. [PMID: 36240415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.140501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard (JCH) model is a fundamental many-body model for light-matter interaction. As a leading platform for quantum simulation, the trapped ion system has realized the JCH model for two to three ions. Here, we report the quantum simulation of the JCH model using up to 32 ions. We verify the simulation results even for large ion numbers by engineering low excitations and thus low effective dimensions; then we extend to 32 excitations for an effective dimension of 2^{77}, which is difficult for classical computers. By regarding the phonon modes as baths, we explore Markovian or non-Markovian spin dynamics in different parameter regimes of the JCH model, similar to quantum emitters in a structured photonic environment. We further examine the dependence of the non-Markovian dynamics on the effective Hilbert space dimension. Our Letter demonstrates the trapped ion system as a powerful quantum simulator for many-body physics and open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-W Li
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Q-X Mei
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-K Wu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - M-L Cai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- HYQ Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yao
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- HYQ Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Z-C Zhou
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - L-M Duan
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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4
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Qiao L, Gong J. Coherent Control of Collective Spontaneous Emission through Self-Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:093602. [PMID: 36083648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the central topics in quantum optics, collective spontaneous emission such as superradiance has been realized in a variety of systems. This Letter proposes an innovative scheme to coherently control collective emission rates via a self-interference mechanism in a nonlinear waveguide setting. The self-interference is made possible by photon backward scattering incurred by quantum scatterers in a waveguide working as quantum switches. Whether the interference is constructive or destructive is found to depend strongly on the distance between the scatterers and the emitters. The interference between two propagation pathways of the same photon leads to controllable superradiance and subradiance, with their collective decay rates much enhanced or suppressed (also leading to hyperradiance or population trapping). Furthermore, the self-interference mechanism is manifested by an abrupt change in the emission rates in real time. An experimental setup based on superconducting transmission line resonators and transmon qubits is further proposed to realize controllable collective emission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Jiangbin Gong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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5
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Fernández-Fernández D, González-Tudela A. Tunable Directional Emission and Collective Dissipation with Quantum Metasurfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:113601. [PMID: 35363033 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength atomic arrays, recently labeled as quantum metamaterials, have emerged as an exciting platform for obtaining novel quantum optical phenomena. The strong interference effects in these systems generate subradiant excitations that propagate through the atomic array with very long lifetimes. Here, we demonstrate that one can harness these excitations to obtain tunable directional emission patterns and collective dissipative couplings when placing judiciously additional atoms nearby the atomic array. For doing that, we first characterize the optimal square array geometry to obtain directional emission patterns. Then, we characterize the best atomic positions to couple efficiently to the subradiant metasurface excitations and provide several improvement strategies based on entangled atomic clusters or bilayers. Afterward, we also show how the directionality of the emission pattern can be controlled through the relative dipole orientation between the auxiliary atoms and the one of the array. Finally, we benchmark how these directional emission patterns translate into to collective, anisotropic dissipative couplings between the auxiliary atoms by studying the lifetime modification of atomic entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fernández-Fernández
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Tudela
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Triana JF, Arias M, Nishida J, Muller EA, Wilcken R, Johnson SC, Delgado A, Raschke MB, Herrera F. Semi-empirical Quantum Optics for Mid-Infrared Molecular Nanophotonics. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:124110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0075894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale infrared (IR) resonators with sub-diffraction limited mode volumes and open geome- tries have emerged as new platforms for implementing cavity QED at room temperature. The use of infrared (IR) nano-antennas and tip nanoprobes to study strong light-matter coupling of molecular vibrations with the vacuum field can be exploited for IR quantum control with nanometer and femtosecond resolution. To accelerate the development of molecule-based quantum nano-photonic devices in the mid-IR, we propose a generally applicable semi-empirical methodology based on quantum optics to describe light-matter interaction in systems driven by femtosecond laser pulses. The theory is shown to reproduce recent experiments on the acceleration of the vibrational relaxation rate in infrared nanostructures, and also provide phys- ical insights for the implementation of coherent phase rotations of the near-field using broadband nanotips. We then apply the quantum framework to develop general tip-design rules for the exper- imental manipulation of vibrational strong coupling and Fano interference effects in open infrared resonators. We finally propose the possibility of transferring the natural anharmonicity of molecular vibrational levels to the resonator near-field in the weak coupling regime to implement intensity-dependent phase shifts of the coupled system response with strong pulses, and develop a vibrational chirping model to understand the effect. The semi-empirical quantum theory is equivalent to first- principles techniques based on Maxwell's equations, but its lower computational cost suggests its use a rapid design tool for the development of strongly-coupled infrared nanophotonic hardware for applications ranging from quantum control of materials to quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan F Triana
- Region Metropolitana, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Jun Nishida
- University of Colorado Boulder, United States of America
| | - Eric A Muller
- Chemistry, Colgate University Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, United States of America
| | - Roland Wilcken
- University of Colorado at Boulder, United States of America
| | | | | | - Markus B. Raschke
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, United States of America
| | - Felipe Herrera
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
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7
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Bienias P, Boettcher I, Belyansky R, Kollár AJ, Gorshkov AV. Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics in Hyperbolic Space: From Photon Bound States to Frustrated Spin Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:013601. [PMID: 35061450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circuit quantum electrodynamics is one of the most promising platforms for efficient quantum simulation and computation. In recent groundbreaking experiments, the immense flexibility of superconducting microwave resonators was utilized to realize hyperbolic lattices that emulate quantum physics in negatively curved space. Here we investigate experimentally feasible settings in which a few superconducting qubits are coupled to a bath of photons evolving on the hyperbolic lattice. We compare our numerical results for finite lattices with analytical results for continuous hyperbolic space on the Poincaré disk. We find good agreement between the two descriptions in the long-wavelength regime. We show that photon-qubit bound states have a curvature-limited size. We propose to use a qubit as a local probe of the hyperbolic bath, for example, by measuring the relaxation dynamics of the qubit. We find that, although the boundary effects strongly impact the photonic density of states, the spectral density is well described by the continuum theory. We show that interactions between qubits are mediated by photons propagating along geodesics. We demonstrate that the photonic bath can give rise to geometrically frustrated hyperbolic quantum spin models with finite-range or exponentially decaying interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Igor Boettcher
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
- Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ron Belyansky
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alicia J Kollár
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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8
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Marques Y, Shelykh IA, Iorsh IV. Bound Photonic Pairs in 2D Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:273602. [PMID: 35061425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.273602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically predict the formation of two-photon bound states in a two-dimensional waveguide network hosting a lattice of two-level atoms. The properties of these bound pairs and the exclusive domains of the parameter space where they emerge due to the interplay between the on-site photon blockade and peculiar shape of polariton dispersion resulting from the long-range radiative couplings between the qubits are investigated in detail. In addition, we analyze the effect of the finite-size system on localization characteristics of these excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Marques
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I A Shelykh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I V Iorsh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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9
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Cabot A, Luca Giorgi G, Zambrini R. Synchronization and coalescence in a dissipative two-qubit system. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of detuned spins displaying synchronous oscillations in local observables is analysed in the presence of coupling, collective dissipation and incoherent pumping. We show that there exist two distinct scenarios in which synchronization can emerge, related respectively to the presence of a non-degenerate long-lived eigenmode and to the presence of a single-frequency regime. Both scenarios can arise by tuning parameters in this system, owing to the presence of coalascence. The former, known as transient synchronization, is here generalized in the presence of incoherent pumping, and is due to long-lasting coherences leading to a progressive frequency selection. On the other hand, in spite of the spins detuning, the dynamics can be governed by a single frequency. Still, we show that synchronization can be established only after a transient, when phase-locking arises. Spectral features of synchronization in these two scenarios are analysed for two-time correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cabot
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gian Luca Giorgi
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Roberta Zambrini
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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10
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Leonforte L, Carollo A, Ciccarello F. Vacancy-like Dressed States in Topological Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:063601. [PMID: 33635679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We identify a class of dressed atom-photon states forming at the same energy of the atom at any coupling strength. As a hallmark, their photonic component is an eigenstate of the bare photonic bath with a vacancy in place of the atom. The picture accommodates waveguide-QED phenomena where atoms behave as perfect mirrors, connecting in particular dressed bound states (BSs) in the continuum with geometrically confined photonic modes. When applied to photonic lattices, the framework establishes a one-to-one correspondence between topologically robust dressed states and topologically robust photonic BSs seeded by a vacancy. This is used to predict new classes of dressed BSs in the photonic Creutz-ladder and Haldane models. In the latter case, states with nonzero local photon flux occur in which an atom is dressed by a photon orbiting around it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Leonforte
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Carollo
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
- Radiophysics Department, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhni Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Francesco Ciccarello
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Luchnikov IA, Vintskevich SV, Grigoriev DA, Filippov SN. Machine Learning Non-Markovian Quantum Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:140502. [PMID: 32338970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.140502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning methods have proved to be useful for the recognition of patterns in statistical data. The measurement outcomes are intrinsically random in quantum physics, however, they do have a pattern when the measurements are performed successively on an open quantum system. This pattern is due to the system-environment interaction and contains information about the relaxation rates as well as non-Markovian memory effects. Here we develop a method to extract the information about the unknown environment from a series of projective single-shot measurements on the system (without resorting to the process tomography). The method is based on embedding the non-Markovian system dynamics into a Markovian dynamics of the system and the effective reservoir of finite dimension. The generator of Markovian embedding is learned by the maximum likelihood estimation. We verify the method by comparing its prediction with an exactly solvable non-Markovian dynamics. The developed algorithm to learn unknown quantum environments enables one to efficiently control and manipulate quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Luchnikov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 121205, Russia
| | - S V Vintskevich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - D A Grigoriev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - S N Filippov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskii Prospekt 34, Moscow 117218, Russia
- Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Street 8, Moscow 119991, Russia
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12
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Sinha K, Meystre P, Goldschmidt EA, Fatemi FK, Rolston SL, Solano P. Non-Markovian Collective Emission from Macroscopically Separated Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043603. [PMID: 32058765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the collective radiative decay of a system of two two-level emitters coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide in a regime where their separation is comparable to the coherence length of a spontaneously emitted photon. The electromagnetic field propagating in the cavity-like geometry formed by the emitters exerts a retarded backaction on the system leading to strongly non-Markovian dynamics. The collective spontaneous emission rate of the emitters exhibits an enhancement or inhibition beyond the usual Dicke superradiance and subradiance due to self-consistent coherent time-delayed feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Sinha
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pierre Meystre
- Department of Physics and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | | | | | - S L Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pablo Solano
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Maryland 02139, USA
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13
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Shen HZ, Xu S, Zhou YH, Yi XX. System susceptibility and bound-states in structured reservoirs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31504-31521. [PMID: 31684385 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a formulation to obtain the exact susceptibility for system arbitrary operators to the external fields by means of the whole-system Hamiltonian (system plus reservoir) diagonalization methods, where the dissipative effects directly reflect the nature of the structured non-Markovian reservoir. This treatment does not make the Born-Markovian approximation in structured non-Markovian reservoir. The relations between linear response function and bound-states for the system as well as structured reservoir are found, which shows the photon bound-states and continuous energy spectrum can be readout from the susceptibility, respectively. These results are then used to examine the validity of second-order Born-Markovian approximation, where we find interesting features (e.g., bound-states) are lost in the approximate treatments for open systems. We study the dependence of the response function on the type (spectrum density) of interaction between the system and structured reservoir. We also give the physical reasons behind the disappearance of the bound-states in the approximation method. Finally, these results are also extended to a more general quantum network involving an arbitrary number of coupled-bosonic system without rotating-wave approximation. The presented results might open a new door to understand the linear response and the energy spectrum for non-Markovian open systems with structured reservoirs.
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14
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Mahmoodian S. Chiral Light-Matter Interaction beyond the Rotating-Wave Approximation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:133603. [PMID: 31697533 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
I introduce and analyze chiral light-matter interaction in the ultrastrong coupling limit where the rotating-wave approximation cannot be made. Within this limit, a two-level system with a circularly polarized transition dipole interacts with a copolarized mode through rotating-wave terms. However, the counterrotating terms allow the two-level system to couple to a counterpolarized mode with the same coupling strength, i.e., one that is completely decoupled within the rotating-wave approximation. Although such a Hamiltonian is not particle number conserving, the conservation of angular momentum generates a U(1) symmetry which allows constructing an ansatz. The eigenstates and dynamics of this novel model are computed for single-cavity interactions and for a many-mode system. The form of the ansatz provides significant analytic insight into the physics of the ground state and the dynamics; e.g., it indicates that the ground states are two-mode squeezed. This work has significant implications for engineering light-matter interaction and novel quantum many-body dynamics beyond the rotating-wave approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Mahmoodian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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15
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Abstract
We present a 2D photonic crystal system for interacting with cold cesium (Cs) atoms. The band structures of the 2D photonic crystals are predicted to produce unconventional atom-light interaction behaviors, including anisotropic emission, suppressed spontaneous decay, and photon-mediated atom-atom interactions controlled by the position of the atomic array relative to the photonic crystal. An optical conveyor technique is presented for continuously loading atoms into the desired trapping positions with optimal coupling to the photonic crystal. The device configuration also enables application of optical tweezers for controlled placement of atoms. Devices can be fabricated reliably from a 200-nm silicon nitride device layer using a lithography-based process, producing predicted optical properties in transmission and reflection measurements. These 2D photonic crystal devices can be readily deployed to experiments for many-body physics with neutral atoms and engineering of exotic quantum matter.
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16
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González-Tudela A, Muñoz CS, Cirac JI. Engineering and Harnessing Giant Atoms in High-Dimensional Baths: A Proposal for Implementation with Cold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:203603. [PMID: 31172782 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.203603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emitters coupled simultaneously to distant positions of a photonic bath, the so-called giant atoms, represent a new paradigm in quantum optics. When coupled to one-dimensional baths, as recently implemented with transmission lines or SAW waveguides, they lead to striking effects such as chiral emission or decoherence-free atomic interactions. Here, we show how to create giant atoms in dynamical state-dependent optical lattices, which offers the possibility of coupling them to structured baths in arbitrary dimensions. This opens up new avenues to a variety of phenomena and opportunities for quantum simulation. In particular, we show how to engineer unconventional radiation patterns, like multidirectional chiral emission, as well as collective interactions that can be used to simulate nonequilibrium many-body dynamics with no analog in other setups. Additionally, the recipes we provide to harness giant atoms in high dimensions can be exported to other platforms where such nonlocal couplings can be engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Tudela
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - C Sánchez Muñoz
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PU, United Kingdom
| | - J I Cirac
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1. 85748 Garching, Germany
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17
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Luchnikov IA, Vintskevich SV, Ouerdane H, Filippov SN. Simulation Complexity of Open Quantum Dynamics: Connection with Tensor Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:160401. [PMID: 31075029 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.160401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty to simulate the dynamics of open quantum systems resides in their coupling to many-body reservoirs with exponentially large Hilbert space. Applying a tensor network approach in the time domain, we demonstrate that effective small reservoirs can be defined and used for modeling open quantum dynamics. The key element of our technique is the timeline reservoir network (TRN), which contains all the information on the reservoir's characteristics, in particular, the memory effects timescale. The TRN has a one-dimensional tensor network structure, which can be effectively approximated in full analogy with the matrix product approximation of spin-chain states. We derive the sufficient bond dimension in the approximated TRN with a reduced set of physical parameters: coupling strength, reservoir correlation time, minimal timescale, and the system's number of degrees of freedom interacting with the environment. The bond dimension can be viewed as a measure of the open dynamics complexity. Simulation is based on the semigroup dynamics of the system and effective reservoir of finite dimension. We provide an illustrative example showing the scope for new numerical and machine learning-based methods for open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Luchnikov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 121205, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - S V Vintskevich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 38, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - H Ouerdane
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 121205, Russia
| | - S N Filippov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskii Pr. 34, Moscow 117218, Russia
- Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina St. 8, Moscow 119991, Russia
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18
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Kim ME, Chang TH, Fields BM, Chen CA, Hung CL. Trapping single atoms on a nanophotonic circuit with configurable tweezer lattices. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1647. [PMID: 30967571 PMCID: PMC6456496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Trapped atoms near nanophotonics form an exciting platform for bottom-up synthesis of strongly interacting quantum matter. The ability to induce tunable long-range atom-atom interactions with photons presents an opportunity to explore many-body physics and quantum optics. Here we implement a configurable optical tweezer array over a planar photonic circuit tailored for cold atom integration and control for trapping and high-fidelity imaging of one or more atoms in an array directly on a photonic structure. Using an optical conveyor belt formed by a moving optical lattice within a tweezer potential, we show that single atoms can be transported from a reservoir into close proximity of a photonic interface, potentially allowing for the synthesis of a defect-free atom-nanophotonic hybrid lattice. Our experimental platform can be integrated with generic planar photonic waveguides and resonators, promising a pathway towards on-chip many-body quantum optics and applications in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- May E Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Tzu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brian M Fields
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Cheng-An Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chen-Lung Hung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Experiments and numerical simulations are described that develop quantitative understanding of atomic motion near the surfaces of nanoscopic photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs). Ultracold atoms are delivered from a moving optical lattice into the PCW. Synchronous with the moving lattice, transmission spectra for a guided-mode probe field are recorded as functions of lattice transport time and frequency detuning of the probe beam. By way of measurements such as these, we have been able to validate quantitatively our numerical simulations, which are based upon detailed understanding of atomic trajectories that pass around and through nanoscopic regions of the PCW under the influence of optical and surface forces. The resolution for mapping atomic motion is roughly 50 nm in space and 100 ns in time. By introducing auxiliary guided-mode (GM) fields that provide spatially varying AC Stark shifts, we have, to some degree, begun to control atomic trajectories, such as to enhance the flux into the central vacuum gap of the PCW at predetermined times and with known AC Stark shifts. Applications of these capabilities include enabling high fractional filling of optical trap sites within PCWs, calibration of optical fields within PCWs, and utilization of the time-dependent, optically dense atomic medium for novel nonlinear optical experiments.
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21
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Kockum AF, Johansson G, Nori F. Decoherence-Free Interaction between Giant Atoms in Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:140404. [PMID: 29694115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.140404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In quantum-optics experiments with both natural and artificial atoms, the atoms are usually small enough that they can be approximated as pointlike compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation with which they interact. However, superconducting qubits coupled to a meandering transmission line, or to surface acoustic waves, can realize "giant artificial atoms" that couple to a bosonic field at several points which are wavelengths apart. Here, we study setups with multiple giant atoms coupled at multiple points to a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide. We show that the giant atoms can be protected from decohering through the waveguide, but still have exchange interactions mediated by the waveguide. Unlike in decoherence-free subspaces, here the entire multiatom Hilbert space (2^{N} states for N atoms) is protected from decoherence. This is not possible with "small" atoms. We further show how this decoherence-free interaction can be designed in setups with multiple atoms to implement, e.g., a 1D chain of atoms with nearest-neighbor couplings or a collection of atoms with all-to-all connectivity. This may have important applications in quantum simulation and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Göran Johansson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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