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Xu J, Bai L, Ren W, Zhu H, Zhou X, Zhang C, Wang X. Flattened chains dominate the adsorption dynamics of loosely adsorbed chains on modified planar substrates. SOFT MATTER 2023; 20:201-211. [PMID: 38078383 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the adsorption of polystyrene (PS) on phenyl-modified SiO2-Si substrates was investigated. Different from those for PS adsorption on a neat SiO2-Si substrate, the growth rate (vads) in the linear regime and hads/Rg (hads, thickness of flattened and loosely adsorbed layers on the substrate; Rg, radius of gyration) declined with increasing molecular weight (Mw) of PS and the phenyl content on the modified substrates, while the thickness of the flattened layer (hflat) and its coverage increased with increasing phenyl content. The results indicated that the adsorption of loose chains was controlled by the adsorption of flattened chains, as it only occurred in the empty contact sites remaining after the adsorption of flattened chains. Before approaching quasi-equilibrium (t < tcross), the number of flattened chain contact sites increased due to an enthalpically favorable process and, correspondingly, their spatial positions dynamically changed, which perturbed the adsorption of loose chains. When the adsorption of flattened chains reached quasi-equilibrium (t > tcross), the adsorption of loose chains was determined by the empty contact sites. The coverage of flattened chains and time to reach quasi-equilibrium were increased with more phenyl groups on the substrate, enhancing π-π interfacial interactions and resulting in a decreased adsorption rate and fewer loosely adsorbed chains. Mw-dependent vads and hads/Rg differed on phenyl-modified substrates compared to the neat SiO2-Si substrate owing to fewer empty contact sites for loose chains. The study findings improve our understanding of the mechanism responsible for the formation and structure of the adsorbed layer on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Weizhao Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Xianjing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Cuiyun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
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2
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Xu J, Wang X, Chen L, Ao W, Zuo B, Zhang C, Wang X. Spatially Heterogeneous Dynamics in Supported Ultrathin Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Films Depend on the Thicknesses of the Film and the Adsorbed Layer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wentao Ao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Cuiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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3
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Relaxation behavior of polymer thin films: Effects of free surface, buried interface, and geometrical confinement. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Roth CB. Polymers under nanoconfinement: where are we now in understanding local property changes? Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8050-8066. [PMID: 34086025 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are increasingly being used in applications with nanostructured morphologies where almost all polymer molecules are within a few tens to hundreds of nanometers from some interface. From nearly three decades of study on polymers in simplified nanoconfined systems such as thin films, we have come to understand property changes in these systems as arising from interfacial effects where local dynamical perturbations are propagated deeper into the material. This review provides a summary of local glass transition temperature Tg changes near interfaces, comparing across different types of interfaces: free surface, substrate, liquid, and polymer-polymer. Local versus film-average properties in thin films are discussed, making connections to other related property changes, while highlighting several historically important studies. By experimental necessity, most studies are on high enough molecule weight chains to be well entangled, although aspects that connect to lower molecule weight materials are described. Emphasis is made to identify observations and open questions that have yet to be fully understood such as the evidence of long-ranged interfacial effects, finite domain size, interfacial breadth, and chain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie B Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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5
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Wenderott JK, Dong BX, Amonoo JA, Green PF. Quantification of Interactions at the Polymer–Substrate Interface: Implications for Nanoscale Behavior. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Wenderott
- Department of Materials Science, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Ban Xuan Dong
- Department of Materials Science, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Jojo A. Amonoo
- Department of Materials Science, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Peter F. Green
- Department of Materials Science, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
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6
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Nguyen HK, Goseki R, Ishizone T, Nakajima K. Effect of molecular weight and architecture on nanoscale viscoelastic heterogeneity at the surface of polymer films. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Zhang W, Douglas JF, Chremos A, Starr FW. Structure and Dynamics of Star Polymer Films from Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulations. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alexandros Chremos
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Francis W. Starr
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
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8
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Storey AN, Zhang W, Douglas JF, Starr FW. How Does Monomer Structure Affect the Interfacial Dynamics of Supported Ultrathin Polymer Films? Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Storey
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, United States
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Francis W. Starr
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, United States
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9
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Frieberg BR, Glynos E, Sakellariou G, Tyagi M, Green PF. Effect of Molecular Stiffness on the Physical Aging of Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis
Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Materials Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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10
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Napolitano S. Irreversible adsorption of polymer melts and nanoconfinement effects. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5348-5365. [PMID: 32419002 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For almost a decade, growing experimental evidence has revealed a strong correlation between the properties of nanoconfined polymers and the number of chains irreversibly adsorbed onto nonrepulsive interfaces, e.g. the supporting substrate of thin polymer coatings, or nanofillers dispersed in polymer melts. Based on such a correlation, it has already been possible to tailor structural and dynamics properties - such as the glass transition temperature, the crystallization rate, the thermal expansion coefficients, the viscosity and the wettability - of nanomaterials by controlling the adsorption kinetics. This evidence indicates that irreversible adsorption affects nanoconfinement effects. More recently, also the opposite phenomenon was experimentally observed: nanoconfinement alters interfacial interactions and, consequently, also the number of chains adsorbed in equilibrium conditions. In this review we discuss this intriguing interplay between irreversible adsorption and nanoconfinement effects in ultrathin polymer films. After introducing the methods currently used to prepare adsorbed layers and to measure the number of irreversibly adsorbed chains, we analyze the models employed to describe the kinetics of adsorption in polymer melts. We then discuss the structure of adsorbed polymer layers, focusing on the complex macromolecular architecture of interfacial chains and on their thermal expansion; we examine the way in which the structure of the adsorbed layer affects the thermal glass transition temperature, vitrification, and crystallization. By analyzing segmental dynamics of 1D confined systems, we describe experiments to track the changes in density during adsorption. We conclude this review with an analysis of the impact of nanoconfinement on adsorption, and a perspective on future work where we also address the key ideas of irreversibility, equilibration and long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium.
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11
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Lee S, Frank CW, Yoon DY. Interface Characteristics of Neat Melts and Binary Mixtures of Polyethylenes from Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051059. [PMID: 32384644 PMCID: PMC7284576 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of free-standing thin films of neat melts of polyethylene (PE) chains up to C150H302 and their binary mixtures with n-C13H28 are performed employing a united atom model. We estimate the surface tension values of PE melts from the atomic virial tensor over a range of temperatures, which are in good agreement with experimental results. Compared with short n-alkane systems, there is an enhanced surface segregation of methyl chain ends in longer PE chains. Moreover, the methyl groups become more segregated in the surface region with decreasing temperature, leading to the conclusion that the surface-segregation of methyl chain ends mainly arises from the enthalpic origin attributed to the lower cohesive energy density of terminal methyl groups. In the mixtures of two different chain lengths, the shorter chains are more likely to be found in the surface region, and this molecular segregation in moderately asymmetric mixtures in the chain length (C13H28 + C44H90) is dominated by the enthalpic effect of methyl chain ends. Such molecular segregation is further enhanced and dominated by the entropic effect of conformational constraints in the surface for the highly asymmetric mixtures containing long polymer chains (C13H28 + C150H3020). The estimated surface tension values of the mixtures are consistent with the observed molecular segregation characteristics. Despite this molecular segregation, the normalized density of methyl chain ends of the longer chain is more strongly enhanced, as compared with the all-segment density of the longer chain itself, in the surface region of melt mixtures. In addition, the molecular segregation results in higher order parameter of the shorter-chain segments at the surface and deeper persistence of surface-induced segmental order into the film for the longer chains, as compared with those in neat melt films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyunggido, Korea;
| | - Curtis W. Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Do Y. Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Fan J, Emamy H, Chremos A, Douglas JF, Starr FW. Dynamic heterogeneity and collective motion in star polymer melts. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:054904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5135731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Fan
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, USA
| | - Hamed Emamy
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Alexandros Chremos
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Francis W. Starr
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, USA
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13
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Giuntoli A, Chremos A, Douglas JF. Influence of polymer topology on crystallization in thin films. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:044501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5134983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giuntoli
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Alexandros Chremos
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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14
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Panagopoulou A, Rodríguez-Tinoco C, White RP, Lipson JEG, Napolitano S. Substrate Roughness Speeds Up Segmental Dynamics of Thin Polymer Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:027802. [PMID: 32004047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.027802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that the segmental mobility of thin films of poly(4-chlorostyrene) prepared under nonequilibrium conditions gets enhanced in the proximity of rough substrates. This trend is in contrast to existing treatments of roughness which conclude it is a source of slower dynamics, and to measurements of thin films of poly(2-vinylpiridine), whose dynamics is roughness invariant. Our experimental evidence indicates the faster interfacial dynamics originate from a reduction in interfacial density, due to the noncomplete filling of substrate asperities. Importantly, our results agree with the same scaling that describes the density dependence of bulk materials, correlating segmental mobility to a term exponential in the specific volume, and with empirical relations linking an increase in glass transition temperature to larger interfacial energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Cristian Rodríguez-Tinoco
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Ronald P White
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Jane E G Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
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15
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Debot A, Tripathi P, Napolitano S. Solution filtering affects the glassy dynamics of spincoated thin films of poly(4-chlorostyrene). THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:102. [PMID: 31396728 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of sample preparation on the glassy dynamics of thin films of poly(4-chlorostyrene), a polymer whose molecular mobility is particularly sensitive to changes in the specific volume. Samples were obtained by spincoating, the technique most commonly used to prepare thin organic layers, which consists of pouring dilute polymer solutions onto a plate rotating at a high rate. Our experimental results demonstrate that filtering the solutions before spincoating affects the value of the segmental relaxation time of the as-prepared films. Thin polymer layers obtained via filtered solutions show accelerated segmental dynamics upon confinement at the nanoscale level, once below 100nm, while the samples obtained via unfiltered solutions exhibit bulk-like dynamics down to 15-20nm. We analyzed these results by means of the cooperative free volume rate model, considering a larger free volume content in thin films obtained via filtered solutions. The validity of the model predictions was finally verified by measurements of irreversible adsorption, confirming a larger adsorbed amount, corresponding to a higher specific volume, in the case of samples obtained via unfiltered solutions. Our results prove that filtering is a crucial step in the preparation of thin films, and it could be used to switch on and off nanoconfinement effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Debot
- Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pragya Tripathi
- Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Klonos PA, Goncharuk OV, Pakhlov EM, Sternik D, Deryło-Marczewska A, Kyritsis A, Gun’ko VM, Pissis P. Morphology, Molecular Dynamics, and Interfacial Phenomena in Systems Based on Silica Modified by Grafting Polydimethylsiloxane Chains and Physically Adsorbed Polydimethylsiloxane. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Olena V. Goncharuk
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Eugeniy M. Pakhlov
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Dariusz Sternik
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Volodymyr M. Gun’ko
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Polycarpos Pissis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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17
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Xu J, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang L, Zuo B, Tsui OKC, Wang X. Conformation-Sensitive Surface Dynamics in Thin Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Film. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haosong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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18
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Thees MF, Roth CB. Unexpected Molecular Weight Dependence to the Physical Aging of Thin Polystyrene Films Present at Ultra‐High Molecular Weights. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics Emory University Atlanta Georgia 30322
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Zhang F, He Q, Zhou Y, Narayanan S, Wang C, Vogt BD, Foster MD. Anomalous Confinement Slows Surface Fluctuations of Star Polymer Melt Films. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:834-839. [PMID: 35650756 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unusually large film thickness at which confinement effects manifest themselves in surface fluctuations of unentangled four-arm star polymers has been defined using film thicknesses from 10Rg to 107Rg. For 15k four-arm star polystyrene (SPS), confinement appears at a thickness between 112 nm (40Rg) and 72 nm (26Rg), which is remarkably larger than the thicknesses at which confinement appears for unentangled 6k linear (<15 nm, <7Rg) and 6k and 14k cyclic (24 and 22 nm, respectively) polystyrenes. Data for 15k star films can be rationalized using a two-layer model with a 17 nm (6Rg) thick highly viscous layer at the substrate, which is significantly thicker than the 1Rg thick "irreversibly adsorbed" layer. For a 29 nm (10Rg) thick film, more striking confinement occurs due to the combined influence of both interfaces. These results underscore the extraordinary role long-chain branching plays in dictating surface fluctuations of thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Ogieglo W, Tempelman K, Napolitano S, Benes NE. Evidence of a Transition Layer between the Free Surface and the Bulk. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1195-1199. [PMID: 29466013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The free surface, a very thin layer at the interface between polymer and air, is considered the main source of the perturbations in the properties of ultrathin polymer films, i.e., nanoconfinement effects. The structural relaxation of such a layer is decoupled from the molecular dynamics of the bulk. The free surface is, in fact, able to stay liquid even below the temperature where the polymer resides in the glassy state. Importantly, this surface layer is expected to have a very sharp interface with the underlying bulk. Here, by analyzing the penetration of n-hexane into polystyrene films, we report on the existence of a transition region, not observed by previous investigations, extending for 12 nm below the free surface. The presence of such a layer permits reconciling the behavior of interfacial layers with current models and has profound implications on the performance of ultrathin membranes. We show that the expected increase in the flux of the permeating species is actually overruled by nanoconfinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ogieglo
- Films in Fluids , University of Twente , Enschede 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | | | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences , Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Boulevard du Triomphe, Bâtiment NO , Bruxelles 1050 , Belgium
| | - Nieck E Benes
- Films in Fluids , University of Twente , Enschede 7522 NB , The Netherlands
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