1
|
Chen T, Zhang C, Cheng L, Ng KB, Malbrunot-Ettenauer S, Flambaum VV, Lasner Z, Doyle JM, Yu P, Conn CJ, Zhang C, Hutzler NR, Jayich AM, Augenbraun B, DeMille D. Relativistic Exact Two-Component Coupled-Cluster Study of Molecular Sensitivity Factors for Nuclear Schiff Moments. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39047199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Relativistic exact two-component coupled-cluster calculations of molecular sensitivity factors for nuclear Schiff moments (NSMs) are reported. We focus on molecules containing heavy nuclei, especially octupole-deformed nuclei. Analytic relativistic coupled-cluster gradient techniques are used and serve as useful tools for identifying candidate molecules that sensitively probe for physics beyond the Standard Model in the hadronic sector. Notably, these tools enable straightforward "black-box" calculations. Two competing chemical mechanisms that contribute to the NSM are analyzed, illuminating the physics of ligand effects on NSM sensitivity factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kia Boon Ng
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Stephan Malbrunot-Ettenauer
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Victor V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zack Lasner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Phelan Yu
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandler J Conn
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Andrew M Jayich
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Benjamin Augenbraun
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, United States
| | - David DeMille
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arrowsmith-Kron G, Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis M, Au M, Ballof J, Berger R, Borschevsky A, Breier AA, Buchinger F, Budker D, Caldwell L, Charles C, Dattani N, de Groote RP, DeMille D, Dickel T, Dobaczewski J, Düllmann CE, Eliav E, Engel J, Fan M, Flambaum V, Flanagan KT, Gaiser AN, Garcia Ruiz RF, Gaul K, Giesen TF, Ginges JSM, Gottberg A, Gwinner G, Heinke R, Hoekstra S, Holt JD, Hutzler NR, Jayich A, Karthein J, Leach KG, Madison KW, Malbrunot-Ettenauer S, Miyagi T, Moore ID, Moroch S, Navratil P, Nazarewicz W, Neyens G, Norrgard EB, Nusgart N, Pašteka LF, N Petrov A, Plaß WR, Ready RA, Pascal Reiter M, Reponen M, Rothe S, Safronova MS, Scheidenerger C, Shindler A, Singh JT, Skripnikov LV, Titov AV, Udrescu SM, Wilkins SG, Yang X. Opportunities for fundamental physics research with radioactive molecules. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:084301. [PMID: 38215499 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad1e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Molecules containing short-lived, radioactive nuclei are uniquely positioned to enable a wide range of scientific discoveries in the areas of fundamental symmetries, astrophysics, nuclear structure, and chemistry. Recent advances in the ability to create, cool, and control complex molecules down to the quantum level, along with recent and upcoming advances in radioactive species production at several facilities around the world, create a compelling opportunity to coordinate and combine these efforts to bring precision measurement and control to molecules containing extreme nuclei. In this manuscript, we review the scientific case for studying radioactive molecules, discuss recent atomic, molecular, nuclear, astrophysical, and chemical advances which provide the foundation for their study, describe the facilities where these species are and will be produced, and provide an outlook for the future of this nascent field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Arrowsmith-Kron
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Michail Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mia Au
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Ballof
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
- Accelerator Systems Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Robert Berger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Breier
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung and Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, United States of America
| | - Luke Caldwell
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Christopher Charles
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Nike Dattani
- HPQC Labs, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- HPQC College, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruben P de Groote
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David DeMille
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States of America
| | - Timo Dickel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Jacek Dobaczewski
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph E Düllmann
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ephraim Eliav
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jonathan Engel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, United States of America
| | - Mingyu Fan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | | | - Kieran T Flanagan
- Photon Science Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa N Gaiser
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Ronald F Garcia Ruiz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Gaul
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Giesen
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Jacinda S M Ginges
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Gerald Gwinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3M9, Canada
| | | | - Steven Hoekstra
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason D Holt
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - Andrew Jayich
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | - Jonas Karthein
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Kyle G Leach
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Kirk W Madison
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephan Malbrunot-Ettenauer
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Iain D Moore
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Scott Moroch
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Petr Navratil
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Witold Nazarewicz
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Gerda Neyens
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric B Norrgard
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Nusgart
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Lukáš F Pašteka
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander N Petrov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'-PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha mcr., Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Wolfgang R Plaß
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Roy A Ready
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | - Moritz Pascal Reiter
- School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Reponen
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | | | - Marianna S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Christoph Scheidenerger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR (HFHF), Campus Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andrea Shindler
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams & Physics Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Jaideep T Singh
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Leonid V Skripnikov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'-PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha mcr., Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Titov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'-PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha mcr., Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Silviu-Marian Udrescu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Shane G Wilkins
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang H, Jiao M, Huang Y, Yu P, Ye X, Wang Y, Xie Y, Cai YF, Rong X, Du J. New constraints on exotic spin-dependent interactions with an ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometer. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac262. [PMID: 37266553 PMCID: PMC10232048 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory search of exotic interactions is crucial for exploring physics beyond the standard model. We report new experimental constraints on two exotic spin-dependent interactions at the micrometer scale based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. A thin layer of NV electronic spin ensembles is synthesized as the solid-state spin quantum sensor, and a lead sphere is taken as the interacting nucleon source. Our result establishes new bounds for two types of exotic spin interactions at the micrometer scale. For an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction, improved bounds are set within the force range from 5 to 500 μm. The upper limit of the corresponding coupling constant [Formula: see text] at 330 μm is more than 1000-fold more stringent than the previous constraint. For the P, T-violating scalar-pseudoscalar nucleon-electron interaction, improved constraints are established within the force range from 6 to 45 μm. The limit of the corresponding coupling constant [Formula: see text] is improved by more than one order of magnitude at 30 μm. This work demonstrates that a solid-state NV ensemble can be a powerful platform for probing exotic spin-dependent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Man Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yue Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangyu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yijin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Fu Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ji W, Li W, Fadeev P, Ficek F, Qin J, Wei K, Liu YC, Budker D. Constraints on Spin-Spin Velocity-Dependent Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:133202. [PMID: 37067299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The existence of exotic spin-dependent forces may shine light on new physics beyond the standard model. We utilize two iron shielded SmCo_{5} electron-spin sources and two optically pumped magnetometers to search for exotic long-range spin-spin velocity-dependent force. The orientations of spin sources and magnetometers are optimized such that the exotic force is enhanced and common-mode noise is effectively subtracted. We set direct limit on proton-electron interaction in the force range from 1 cm to 1 km. Our experiment represents more than 10 orders of magnitude improvement than previous works.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pavel Fadeev
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Filip Ficek
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jianan Qin
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Geophysical Exploration Equipment, Ministry of Education of China, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kai Wei
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Hangzhou Extremely Weak Magnetic Field Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Research Institute, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yong-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Constraints on exotic spin-velocity-dependent interactions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7387. [PMID: 36450723 PMCID: PMC9712588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental searches for exotic spin-dependent forces are attracting a lot of attention because they allow to test theoretical extensions to the standard model. Here, we report an experimental search for possible exotic spin-dependent force, specifically spin-and-velocity-dependent forces, by using a K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer and a tungsten ring featuring a high nucleon density. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of the co-magnetometer, the pseudomagnetic field from this exotic force is measured to be ≤7 aT. This sets limits on coupling constants for the neutron-nucleon and proton-nucleon interactions in the range of ≥0.1 m (mediator boson mass ≤2 μeV). The coupling constant limits are established to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which are more than one order of magnitude tighter than astronomical and cosmological limits on the coupling between the new gauge boson such as Z' and standard model particles.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Su H, Jiang M, Huang Y, Qin Y, Guo C, Wang Z, Hu D, Ji W, Fadeev P, Peng X, Budker D. Limits on Axions and Axionlike Particles within the Axion Window Using a Spin-Based Amplifier. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:051801. [PMID: 35960560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Searches for the axion and axionlike particles may hold the key to unlocking some of the deepest puzzles about our Universe, such as dark matter and dark energy. Here, we use the recently demonstrated spin-based amplifier to constrain such hypothetical particles within the well-motivated "axion window" (10 μeV-1 meV) through searching for an exotic dipole-dipole interaction between polarized electron and neutron spins. The key ingredient is the use of hyperpolarized long-lived ^{129}Xe nuclear spins as an amplifier for the pseudomagnetic field generated by the exotic interaction. Using such a spin sensor, we obtain a direct upper bound on the product of coupling constants g_{p}^{e}g_{p}^{n}. The spin-based amplifier technique can be extended to searches for a wide variety of hypothetical particles beyond the standard model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Haowen Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Min Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ying Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yushu Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Pavel Fadeev
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Xinhua Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Su H, Wang Y, Jiang M, Ji W, Fadeev P, Hu D, Peng X, Budker D. Search for exotic spin-dependent interactions with a spin-based amplifier. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9535. [PMID: 34788098 PMCID: PMC8597990 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of new techniques to search for particles beyond the standard model is crucial for understanding the ultraviolet completion of particle physics. Several hypothetical particles are predicted to mediate exotic spin-dependent interactions between standard-model particles that may be accessible to laboratory experiments. However, laboratory searches are mostly conducted for static spin-dependent interactions, with a few experiments addressing spin- and velocity-dependent interactions. Here, we demonstrate a search for these interactions with a spin-based amplifier. Our technique uses hyperpolarized nuclear spins as an amplifier for pseudo-magnetic fields produced by exotic interactions by a factor of more than 100. Using this technique, we establish constraints on the spin- and velocity-dependent interactions between polarized neutrons and unpolarized nucleons for the force range of 0.03 to 100 meters, improving previous constraints by at least two orders of magnitude in partial force range. This technique can be further extended to investigate other exotic spin-dependent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Corresponding author. (M.J.); (X.P.)
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pavel Fadeev
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Corresponding author. (M.J.); (X.P.)
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren X, Wang J, Luo R, Yin L, Ding J, Zeng G, Luo P. Search for an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction using a magnetic force microscope. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.032008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Jiao M, Guo M, Rong X, Cai YF, Du J. Experimental Constraint on an Exotic Parity-Odd Spin- and Velocity-Dependent Interaction with a Single Electron Spin Quantum Sensor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:010501. [PMID: 34270279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improved laboratory limits on the exotic spin- and velocity-dependent interaction at the micrometer scale are established with a single electron spin quantum sensor. The single electron spin of a near-surface nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is used as the quantum sensor, and a fused-silica half-sphere lens is taken as the source of the moving nucleons. The exotic interaction between the polarized electron and the moving nucleon source is explored by measuring the possible magnetic field sensed by the electron spin quantum sensor. Our experiment sets improved constraints on the exotic spin- and velocity-dependent interaction within the force range from 1.4 to 330 μm. The upper limit of the coupling g_{A}^{e}g_{V}^{N} at 200 μm is |g_{A}^{e}g_{V}^{N}|≤5.3×10^{-19}, significantly improving the current laboratory limit by more than 4 orders of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Jiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Maosen Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Fu Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maison DE, Skripnikov LV, Oleynichenko AV, Zaitsevskii AV. Axion-mediated electron-electron interaction in ytterbium monohydroxide molecule. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224303. [PMID: 34241194 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The YbOH triatomic molecule can be efficiently used to measure the electron electric dipole moment, which violates time-reversal (T) and spatial parity (P) symmetries of fundamental interactions [Kozyryev and Hutzler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 133002 (2017)]. We study another mechanism of the T, P-violation in the YbOH molecule-the electron-electron interaction mediated by the low-mass axionlike particle. For this, we calculate the molecular constant that characterizes this interaction and use it to estimate the expected magnitude of the effect to be measured. It is shown that this molecular constant has the same order of magnitude as the corresponding molecular constant corresponding to the axion-mediated electron-nucleus interaction. According to our estimation, an experiment on YbOH will allow one to set updated laboratory constraints on the CP-violating electron-axion coupling constants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E Maison
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha, Leningrad region, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - L V Skripnikov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha, Leningrad region, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - A V Oleynichenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha, Leningrad region, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - A V Zaitsevskii
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha, Leningrad region, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
König K, Krämer J, Geppert C, Imgram P, Maaß B, Ratajczyk T, Nörtershäuser W. A new Collinear Apparatus for Laser Spectroscopy and Applied Science (COALA). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:081301. [PMID: 32872936 DOI: 10.1063/5.0010903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a new collinear laser spectroscopy setup that has been designed to overcome systematic uncertainty limits arising from high-voltage and frequency measurements, beam superposition, and collisions with residual gas that are present in other installations utilizing this technique. The applied methods and experimental realizations are described, including an active stabilization of the ion-source potential, new types of ion sources that have not been used for collinear laser spectroscopy so far, dedicated installations for pump-and-probe measurements, and a versatile laser system referenced to a frequency comb. The advanced setup enables us to routinely determine transition frequencies, which was so far demonstrated only for a few cases and with lower accuracy at other facilities. It has also been designed to perform accurate high-voltage measurements for metrological applications. Demonstration and performance measurements were carried out with Ca+ and In+ ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K König
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Krämer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Geppert
- Forschungsreaktor TRIGA Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Imgram
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Maaß
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Ratajczyk
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Nörtershäuser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Y, Shu J, Xue X, Yuan Q, Zhao Y. Probing Axions with Event Horizon Telescope Polarimetric Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:061102. [PMID: 32109092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With high spatial resolution, polarimetric imaging of a supermassive black hole, like M87^{⋆} or Sgr A^{⋆}, by the Event Horizon Telescope can be used to probe the existence of ultralight bosonic particles, such as axions. Such particles can accumulate around a rotating black hole through the superradiance mechanism, forming an axion cloud. When linearly polarized photons are emitted from an accretion disk near the horizon, their position angles oscillate due to the birefringent effect when traveling through the axion background. In particular, the observations of supermassive black holes M87^{⋆} (Sgr A^{⋆}) can probe the dimensionless axion-photon coupling c=2πg_{aγ}f_{a} for axions with mass around O(10^{-20}) eV [O(10^{-17}) eV] and decay constant f_{a}<O(10^{16}) GeV, which is complimentary to other axion measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), UMR 7589, Sorbonne Université et CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jing Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 14 Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou Y, Shagam Y, Cairncross WB, Ng KB, Roussy TS, Grogan T, Boyce K, Vigil A, Pettine M, Zelevinsky T, Ye J, Cornell EA. Second-Scale Coherence Measured at the Quantum Projection Noise Limit with Hundreds of Molecular Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:053201. [PMID: 32083904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cold molecules provide an excellent platform for quantum information, cold chemistry, and precision measurement. Certain molecules have enhanced sensitivity to beyond standard model physics, such as the electron's electric dipole moment (eEDM). Molecular ions are easily trappable and are therefore particularly attractive for precision measurements where sensitivity scales with interrogation time. Here, we demonstrate a spin precession measurement with second-scale coherence at the quantum projection noise (QPN) limit with hundreds of trapped molecular ions, chosen for their sensitivity to the eEDM rather than their amenability to state control and readout. Orientation-resolved resonant photodissociation allows us to simultaneously measure two quantum states with opposite eEDM sensitivity, reaching the QPN limit and fully exploiting the high count rate and long coherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Yuval Shagam
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - William B Cairncross
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Kia Boon Ng
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tanya S Roussy
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tanner Grogan
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Kevin Boyce
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Antonio Vigil
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Madeline Pettine
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tanya Zelevinsky
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-5255, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ding S, Wu Y, Finneran IA, Burau JJ, Ye J. Sub-Doppler Cooling and Compressed Trapping of YO Molecules at μK Temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. X 2020; 10:10.1103/physrevx.10.021049. [PMID: 33643688 PMCID: PMC7909871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.10.021049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Complex molecular structure demands customized solutions to laser cooling by extending its general set of principles and practices. Compared with other laser-cooled molecules, yttrium monoxide (YO) exhibits a large electron-nucleus interaction, resulting in a dominant hyperfine interaction over the electron spin-rotation coupling. The YO ground state is thus comprised of two manifolds of closely spaced states, with one of them possessing a negligible Landé g factor. This unique energy level structure favors dual-frequency dc magneto-optical trapping (MOT) and gray molasses cooling (GMC). We report exceptionally robust cooling of YO at 4 μK over a wide range of laser intensity, detunings (one- and two-photon), and magnetic field. The magnetic insensitivity enables the spatial compression of the molecular cloud by alternating GMC and MOT under the continuous operation of the quadrupole magnetic field. A combination of these techniques produces a laser-cooled molecular sample with the highest phase space density in free space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Ding
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Yewei Wu
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Ian A. Finneran
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Justin J. Burau
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Toh G, Damitz A, Tanner CE, Johnson WR, Elliott DS. Determination of the Scalar and Vector Polarizabilities of the Cesium 6s^{2}S_{1/2}→7s^{2}S_{1/2} Transition and Implications for Atomic Parity Nonconservation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:073002. [PMID: 31491130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using recent high-precision measurements of electric dipole matrix elements of atomic cesium, we make an improved determination of the scalar (α) and vector (β) polarizabilities of the cesium 6s^{2}S_{1/2}→7s^{2}S_{1/2} transition calculated through a sum-over-states method. We report values of α=-268.82(30)a_{0}^{3} and β=27.139(42)a_{0}^{3} with the highest precision to date. We find a discrepancy between our value of β and the past preferred value, resulting in a significant shift in the value of the weak charge Q_{w} of the cesium nucleus. Future work to resolve the differences in the polarizability will be critical for interpretation of parity nonconservation measurements in cesium, which have implications for physics beyond the standard model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Toh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Amy Damitz
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Carol E Tanner
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - W R Johnson
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D S Elliott
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|