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Finger F, Rosa-Medina R, Reiter N, Christodoulou P, Donner T, Esslinger T. Spin- and Momentum-Correlated Atom Pairs Mediated by Photon Exchange and Seeded by Vacuum Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:093402. [PMID: 38489609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.093402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Engineering pairs of massive particles that are simultaneously correlated in their external and internal degrees of freedom is a major challenge, yet essential for advancing fundamental tests of physics and quantum technologies. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a mechanism for generating pairs of atoms in well-defined spin and momentum modes. This mechanism couples atoms from a degenerate Bose gas via a superradiant photon-exchange process in an optical cavity, producing pairs via a single channel or two discernible channels. The scheme is independent of collisional interactions, fast, and tunable. We observe a collectively enhanced production of pairs and probe interspin correlations in momentum space. We characterize the emergent pair statistics and find that the observed dynamics is consistent with being primarily seeded by vacuum fluctuations in the corresponding atomic modes. Together with our observations of coherent many-body oscillations involving well-defined momentum modes, our results offer promising prospects for quantum-enhanced interferometry and quantum simulation experiments using entangled matter waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Finger
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Rosa-Medina
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Reiter
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Donner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Esslinger
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Krešić I, Robb GRM, Oppo GL, Ackemann T. Generating Multiparticle Entangled States by Self-Organization of Driven Ultracold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:163602. [PMID: 37925717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a mechanism for guiding the dynamical evolution of ultracold atomic motional degrees of freedom toward multiparticle entangled Dicke-squeezed states, via nonlinear self-organization under external driving. Two examples of many-body models are investigated. In the first model, the external drive is a temporally oscillating magnetic field leading to self-organization by interatomic scattering. In the second model, the drive is a pump laser leading to transverse self-organization by photon-atom scattering in a ring cavity. We numerically demonstrate the generation of multiparticle entangled states of atomic motion and discuss prospective experimental realizations of the models. For the cavity case, the calculations with adiabatically eliminated photonic sidebands show significant momentum entanglement generation can occur even in the "bad cavity" regime. The results highlight the potential for using self-organization of atomic motion in quantum technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivor Krešić
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, A-1040, Austria
- Centre for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordon R M Robb
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gian-Luca Oppo
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Ackemann
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom
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3
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Kirsten-Siemß JN, Fitzek F, Schubert C, Rasel EM, Gaaloul N, Hammerer K. Large-Momentum-Transfer Atom Interferometers with μrad-Accuracy Using Bragg Diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:033602. [PMID: 37540849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Large-momentum-transfer (LMT) atom interferometers using elastic Bragg scattering on light waves are among the most precise quantum sensors to date. To advance their accuracy from the mrad to the μrad regime, it is necessary to understand the rich phenomenology of the Bragg interferometer, which differs significantly from that of a standard two-mode interferometer. We develop an analytic model for the interferometer signal and demonstrate its accuracy using comprehensive numerical simulations. Our analytic treatment allows the determination of the atomic projection noise limit of a LMT Bragg interferometer and provides the means to saturate this limit. It affords accurate knowledge of the systematic phase errors as well as their suppression by 2 orders of magnitude down to a few μrad using appropriate light-pulse parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-N Kirsten-Siemß
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Fitzek
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schubert
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, Callinstraße 30b, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Gaaloul
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Hammerer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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4
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Vovrosh J, Wilkinson K, Hedges S, McGovern K, Hayati F, Carson C, Selyem A, Winch J, Stray B, Earl L, Hamerow M, Wilson G, Seedat A, Roshanmanesh S, Bongs K, Holynski M. Magneto-optical trapping in a near-suface borehole. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288353. [PMID: 37432927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Borehole gravity sensing can be used in a number of applications to measure features around a well, including rock-type change mapping and determination of reservoir porosity. Quantum technology gravity sensors, based on atom interferometry, have the ability to offer increased survey speeds and reduced need for calibration. While surface sensors have been demonstrated in real world environments, significant improvements in robustness and reductions to radial size, weight, and power consumption are required for such devices to be deployed in boreholes. To realise the first step towards the deployment of cold atom-based sensors down boreholes, we demonstrate a borehole-deployable magneto-optical trap, the core package of many cold atom-based systems. The enclosure containing the magneto-optical trap itself had an outer radius of (60 ± 0.1) mm at its widest point and a length of (890 ± 5) mm. This system was used to generate atom clouds at 1 m intervals in a 14 cm wide, 50 m deep borehole, to simulate how in-borehole gravity surveys are performed. During the survey, the system generated, on average, clouds of (3.0 ± 0.1) × 105 87Rb atoms with the standard deviation in atom number across the survey observed to be as low as 8.9 × 104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Vovrosh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Wilkinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hedges
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran McGovern
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Farzad Hayati
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Carson
- Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics, Fraunhofer UK Research Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Selyem
- Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics, Fraunhofer UK Research Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Winch
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Stray
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luuk Earl
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maxwell Hamerow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Wilson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Seedat
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sanaz Roshanmanesh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Bongs
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Holynski
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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5
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Entanglement-enhanced matter-wave interferometry in a high-finesse cavity. Nature 2022; 610:472-477. [PMID: 36261551 PMCID: PMC9581775 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An ensemble of atoms can operate as a quantum sensor by placing atoms in a superposition of two different states. Upon measurement of the sensor, each atom is individually projected into one of the two states. Creating quantum correlations between the atoms, that is entangling them, could lead to resolutions surpassing the standard quantum limit1–3 set by projections of individual atoms. Large amounts of entanglement4–6 involving the internal degrees of freedom of laser-cooled atomic ensembles4–16 have been generated in collective cavity quantum-electrodynamics systems, in which many atoms simultaneously interact with a single optical cavity mode. Here we report a matter-wave interferometer in a cavity quantum-electrodynamics system of 700 atoms that are entangled in their external degrees of freedom. In our system, each individual atom falls freely under gravity and simultaneously traverses two paths through space while entangled with the other atoms. We demonstrate both quantum non-demolition measurements and cavity-mediated spin interactions for generating squeezed momentum states with directly observed sensitivity \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2\,.\,{5}_{-0.6}^{+0.6}$$\end{document}2.5−0.6+0.6 dB below the standard quantum limit, respectively. We successfully inject an entangled state into a Mach–Zehnder light-pulse interferometer with directly observed sensitivity \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$1\,.\,{7}_{-0.5}^{+0.5}$$\end{document}1.7−0.5+0.5 dB below the standard quantum limit. The combination of particle delocalization and entanglement in our approach may influence developments of enhanced inertial sensors17,18, searches for new physics, particles and fields19–23, future advanced gravitational wave detectors24,25 and accessing beyond mean-field quantum many-body physics26–30. A matter-wave interferometer is demonstrated with an interferometric phase noise below the standard quantum limit, combining two core concepts of quantum mechanics, that a particle can simultaneously be in two places at once and entanglement between distinct particles.
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Comparin T, Mezzacapo F, Robert-de-Saint-Vincent M, Roscilde T. Scalable Spin Squeezing from Spontaneous Breaking of a Continuous Symmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:113201. [PMID: 36154428 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a property of Hamiltonian equilibrium states which, in the thermodynamic limit, retain a finite average value of an order parameter even after a field coupled to it is adiabatically turned off. In the case of quantum spin models with continuous symmetry, we show that this adiabatic process is also accompanied by the suppression of the fluctuations of the symmetry generator-namely, the collective spin component along an axis of symmetry. In systems of S=1/2 spins or qubits, the combination of the suppression of fluctuations along one direction and of the persistence of transverse magnetization leads to spin squeezing-a much sought-after property of quantum states, both for the purpose of entanglement detection as well as for metrological uses. Focusing on the case of XXZ models spontaneously breaking a U(1) [or even SU(2)] symmetry, we show that the adiabatically prepared states have nearly minimal spin uncertainty; that the minimum phase uncertainty that one can achieve with these states scales as N^{-3/4} with the number of spins N; and that this scaling is attained after an adiabatic preparation time scaling linearly with N. Our findings open the door to the adiabatic preparation of strongly spin-squeezed states in a large variety of quantum many-body devices including, e.g., optical-lattice clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Comparin
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Mezzacapo
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Martin Robert-de-Saint-Vincent
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France and LPL CNRS, UMR 7538, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Tommaso Roscilde
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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7
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Matos GC, Souza RDME, Neto PAM, Impens F. Quantum Vacuum Sagnac Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:270401. [PMID: 35061441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.270401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the quantum electrodynamical analog of a Sagnac phase induced by the fast rotation of a neutral nanoparticle onto atomic waves propagating in its vicinity. The quantum vacuum Sagnac phase is a geometric Berry phase proportional to the angular velocity of rotation. The persistence of a noninertial effect into the inertial frame is also analogous to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Here, a rotation confined to a restricted domain of space gives rise to an atomic phase even though the interferometer is at rest with respect to an inertial frame. By taking advantage of a plasmon resonance, we show that the magnitude of the induced phase can be close to the sensitivity limit of state of the art interferometers. The quantum vacuum Sagnac atomic phase is a geometric footprint of a dynamical Casimir-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme C Matos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo A Maia Neto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - François Impens
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
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8
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Chu A, He P, Thompson JK, Rey AM. Quantum Enhanced Cavity QED Interferometer with Partially Delocalized Atoms in Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:210401. [PMID: 34860098 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantum enhanced interferometric protocol for gravimetry and force sensing using cold atoms in an optical lattice supported by a standing-wave cavity. By loading the atoms in partially delocalized Wannier-Stark states, it is possible to cancel the undesirable inhomogeneities arising from the mismatch between the lattice and cavity fields and to generate spin squeezed states via a uniform one-axis twisting model. The quantum enhanced sensitivity of the states is combined with the subsequent application of a compound pulse sequence that allows us to separate atoms by several lattice sites. This, together with the capability to load small atomic clouds in the lattice at micrometric distances from a surface, make our setup ideal for sensing short-range forces. We show that for arrays of 10^{4} atoms, our protocol can reduce the required averaging time by a factor of 10 compared to unentangled lattice-based interferometers after accounting for primary sources of decoherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Chu
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Peiru He
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - James K Thompson
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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9
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Corgier R, Gaaloul N, Smerzi A, Pezzè L. Delta-Kick Squeezing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:183401. [PMID: 34767389 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.183401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We explore the possibility to overcome the standard quantum limit (SQL) in a free-fall atom interferometer using a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in either of the two relevant cases of Bragg or Raman scattering light pulses. The generation of entanglement in the BEC is dramatically enhanced by amplifying the atom-atom interactions via the rapid action of an external trap, focusing the matter waves to significantly increase the atomic densities during a preparation stage-a technique we refer to as delta-kick squeezing (DKS). The action of a second DKS operation at the end of the interferometry sequence allows one to implement a nonlinear readout scheme, making the sub-SQL sensitivity highly robust against imperfect atom counting detection. We predict more than 30 dB of sensitivity gain beyond the SQL for the variance, assuming realistic parameters and 10^{6} atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Corgier
- QSTAR, INO-CNR and LENS, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Naceur Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Augusto Smerzi
- QSTAR, INO-CNR and LENS, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Pezzè
- QSTAR, INO-CNR and LENS, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, 50125 Firenze, Italy
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10
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Anders F, Idel A, Feldmann P, Bondarenko D, Loriani S, Lange K, Peise J, Gersemann M, Meyer-Hoppe B, Abend S, Gaaloul N, Schubert C, Schlippert D, Santos L, Rasel E, Klempt C. Momentum Entanglement for Atom Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:140402. [PMID: 34652182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.140402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Compared to light interferometers, the flux in cold-atom interferometers is low and the associated shot noise is large. Sensitivities beyond these limitations require the preparation of entangled atoms in different momentum modes. Here, we demonstrate a source of entangled atoms that is compatible with state-of-the-art interferometers. Entanglement is transferred from the spin degree of freedom of a Bose-Einstein condensate to well-separated momentum modes, witnessed by a squeezing parameter of -3.1(8) dB. Entanglement-enhanced atom interferometers promise unprecedented sensitivities for quantum gradiometers or gravitational wave detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anders
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Idel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Feldmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bondarenko
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Loriani
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Lange
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Peise
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Gersemann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Meyer-Hoppe
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Abend
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schubert
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, c/o Leibniz, Universität Hannover, DLR-SI, Callinstraße 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Schlippert
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Santos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Klempt
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, c/o Leibniz, Universität Hannover, DLR-SI, Callinstraße 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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11
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Bertoldi A, Feng CH, Naik DS, Canuel B, Bouyer P, Prevedelli M. Fast Control of Atom-Light Interaction in a Narrow Linewidth Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:013202. [PMID: 34270276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to exploit high-finesse optical resonators for light-assisted coherent manipulation of atomic ensembles, overcoming the limit imposed by the finite response time of the cavity. The key element of our scheme is to rapidly switch the interaction between the atoms and the cavity field with an auxiliary control process as, for example, the light shift induced by an optical beam. The scheme is applicable to other atomic species, both in trapped and free fall configurations, and can be adopted to control the internal and/or external atomic degrees of freedom. Our method will open new possibilities in cavity-aided atom interferometry and in the preparation of highly nonclassical atomic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bertoldi
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - C-H Feng
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - D S Naik
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - B Canuel
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P Bouyer
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - M Prevedelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Berti-Pichat 6/2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Soukup K, Di Pumpo F, Aßmann T, Schleich WP, Giese E. Atom interferometry with quantized light pulses. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164310. [PMID: 33940824 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The far-field patterns of atoms diffracted from a classical light field or from a quantum one in a photon-number state are identical. On the other hand, diffraction from a field in a coherent state, which shares many properties with classical light, displays a completely different behavior. We show that in contrast to the diffraction patterns, the interference signal of an atom interferometer with light-pulse beam splitters and mirrors in intense coherent states does approach the limit of classical fields. However, low photon numbers reveal the granular structure of light, leading to a reduced visibility since welcher-Weg (which-way) information is encoded into the field. We discuss this effect for a single photon-number state as well as a superposition of two such states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Soukup
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Pumpo
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Aßmann
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Enno Giese
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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Pezzè L, Smerzi A. Heisenberg-Limited Noisy Atomic Clock Using a Hybrid Coherent and Squeezed State Protocol. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:210503. [PMID: 33274961 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a hybrid quantum-classical atomic clock where the interrogation of atoms prepared in a spin-coherent (or weakly squeezed) state is used to feed back one or more highly spin-squeezed atomic states toward their optimal phase-sensitivity point. The hybrid clock overcomes the stability of a single Ramsey clock using coherent or optimal spin-squeezed states and reaches a Heisenberg-limited stability while avoiding nondestructive measurements. When optimized with respect to the total number of particles, the protocol surpasses the state-of-the-art proposals that use Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger or NOON states. We compare analytical predictions with numerical simulations of clock operations, including correlated 1/f local oscillator noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pezzè
- QSTAR, INO-CNR and LENS, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Augusto Smerzi
- QSTAR, INO-CNR and LENS, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, 50125 Firenze, Italy
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Szigeti SS, Nolan SP, Close JD, Haine SA. High-Precision Quantum-Enhanced Gravimetry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:100402. [PMID: 32955338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that the inherently large interatomic interactions of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) can enhance the sensitivity of a high precision cold-atom gravimeter beyond the shot-noise limit (SNL). Through detailed numerical simulation, we demonstrate that our scheme produces spin-squeezed states with variances up to 14 dB below the SNL, and that absolute gravimetry measurement sensitivities between two and five times below the SNL are achievable with BECs between 10^{4} and 10^{6} in atom number. Our scheme is robust to phase diffusion, imperfect atom counting, and shot-to-shot variations in atom number and laser intensity. Our proposal is immediately achievable in current laboratories, since it needs only a small modification to existing state-of-the-art experiments and does not require additional guiding potentials or optical cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart S Szigeti
- Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Samuel P Nolan
- QSTAR, INO-CNR and LENS, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, Firenze 50125, Italy
| | - John D Close
- Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Simon A Haine
- Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
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Lucchesi L, Chiofalo ML. Many-Body Entanglement in Short-Range Interacting Fermi Gases for Metrology. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:060406. [PMID: 31491136 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We explore many-body entanglement in spinful Fermi gases with short-range interactions, for metrology purposes. We characterize the emerging quantum phases via density-matrix renormalization group simulations and quantify their entanglement content for metrological usability via quantum Fisher information (QFI). Our study establishes a method, promoting QFI to be an order parameter. Short-range interactions reveal to build up metrologically promising entanglement in the XY-ferromagnetic and cluster ordering, the cluster physics being unexplored so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lucchesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi" and INFN, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiofalo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi" and INFN, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- JILA, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4030, USA
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