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Sohn J, Lee JM, Lee HW. Dyakonov-Perel-like Orbital and Spin Relaxations in Centrosymmetric Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:246301. [PMID: 38949365 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.246301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The Dyakonov-Perel (DP) mechanism of spin relaxation has long been considered irrelevant in centrosymmetric systems since it was developed originally for noncentrosymmetric ones. We investigate whether this conventional understanding extends to the realm of orbital relaxation, which has recently attracted significant attention. Surprisingly, we find that orbital relaxation in centrosymmetric systems exhibits the DP-like behavior in the weak scattering regime. Moreover, the DP-like orbital relaxation can make the spin relaxation in centrosymmetric systems DP-like through the spin-orbit coupling. We also find that the DP-like orbital and spin relaxations are anisotropic even in materials with high crystal symmetry (such as face-centered cubic structure) and may depend on the orbital and spin nature of electron wave functions.
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Kholid FN, Hamara D, Hamdan AFB, Nava Antonio G, Bowen R, Petit D, Cowburn R, Pisarev RV, Bossini D, Barker J, Ciccarelli C. The importance of the interface for picosecond spin pumping in antiferromagnet-heavy metal heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:538. [PMID: 36725847 PMCID: PMC9892507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfaces in heavy metal (HM) - antiferromagnetic insulator (AFI) heterostructures have recently become highly investigated and debated systems in the effort to create spintronic devices that function at terahertz frequencies. Such heterostructures have great technological potential because AFIs can generate sub-picosecond spin currents which the HMs can convert into charge signals. In this work we demonstrate an optically induced picosecond spin transfer at the interface between AFIs and Pt using time-domain THz emission spectroscopy. We select two antiferromagnets in the same family of fluoride cubic perovskites, KCoF3 and KNiF3, whose magnon frequencies at the centre of the Brillouin zone differ by an order of magnitude. By studying their behaviour with temperature, we correlate changes in the spin transfer efficiency across the interface to the opening of a gap in the magnon density of states below the Néel temperature. Our observations are reproduced in a model based on the spin exchange between the localized electrons in the antiferromagnet and the free electrons in Pt. Through this comparative study of selected materials, we are able to shine light on the microscopy of spin transfer at picosecond timescales between antiferromagnets and heavy metals and identify a key figure of merit for its efficiency: the magnon gap. Our results are important for progressing in the fundamental understanding of the highly discussed physics of the HM/AFI interfaces, which is the necessary cornerstone for the designing of femtosecond antiferromagnetic spintronics devices with optimized characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Nur Kholid
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dominik Hamara
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Bowen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dorothée Petit
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Russell Cowburn
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Roman V Pisarev
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Davide Bossini
- Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joseph Barker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Chiara Ciccarelli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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Gupta K, Wesselink RJH, Liu R, Yuan Z, Kelly PJ. Disorder Dependence of Interface Spin Memory Loss. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:087702. [PMID: 32167325 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.087702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The discontinuity of a spin-current through an interface caused by spin-orbit coupling is characterized by the spin memory loss (SML) parameter δ. We use first-principles scattering theory and a recently developed local current scheme to study the SML for Au|Pt, Au|Pd, Py|Pt, and Co|Pt interfaces. We find a minimal temperature dependence for nonmagnetic interfaces and a strong dependence for interfaces involving ferromagnets that we attribute to the spin disorder. The SML is larger for Co|Pt than for Py|Pt because the interface is more abrupt. Lattice mismatch and interface alloying strongly enhance the SML that is larger for a Au|Pt than for a Au|Pd interface. The effect of the proximity-induced magnetization of Pt is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Gupta
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rien J H Wesselink
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ruixi Liu
- The Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- The Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Paul J Kelly
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- The Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
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Seifert TS, Jaiswal S, Barker J, Weber ST, Razdolski I, Cramer J, Gueckstock O, Maehrlein SF, Nadvornik L, Watanabe S, Ciccarelli C, Melnikov A, Jakob G, Münzenberg M, Goennenwein STB, Woltersdorf G, Rethfeld B, Brouwer PW, Wolf M, Kläui M, Kampfrath T. Femtosecond formation dynamics of the spin Seebeck effect revealed by terahertz spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2899. [PMID: 30042421 PMCID: PMC6057952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the transfer of spin angular momentum is essential in modern magnetism research. A model case is the generation of magnons in magnetic insulators by heating an adjacent metal film. Here, we reveal the initial steps of this spin Seebeck effect with <27 fs time resolution using terahertz spectroscopy on bilayers of ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet and platinum. Upon exciting the metal with an infrared laser pulse, a spin Seebeck current js arises on the same ~100 fs time scale on which the metal electrons thermalize. This observation highlights that efficient spin transfer critically relies on carrier multiplication and is driven by conduction electrons scattering off the metal–insulator interface. Analytical modeling shows that the electrons’ dynamics are almost instantaneously imprinted onto js because their spins have a correlation time of only ~4 fs and deflect the ferrimagnetic moments without inertia. Applications in material characterization, interface probing, spin-noise spectroscopy and terahertz spin pumping emerge. Probing spin pumping in the terahertz regime allows one to reveal its initial elementary steps. Here, the authors show that the formation of the spin Seebeck current in YIG/Pt critically relies on hot thermalized metal electrons because they impinge on the metal-insulator interface with maximum noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom S Seifert
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samridh Jaiswal
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany.,Singulus Technologies AG, 63796, Kahl am Main, Germany
| | - Joseph Barker
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sebastian T Weber
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ilya Razdolski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joel Cramer
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Gueckstock
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian F Maehrlein
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Nadvornik
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Chiara Ciccarelli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alexey Melnikov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jakob
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Münzenberg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian T B Goennenwein
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Woltersdorf
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Baerbel Rethfeld
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Piet W Brouwer
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Kläui
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Kampfrath
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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