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Zheng Y, Liu ZD, Miao RH, Cui JM, Yang M, Xu XY, Xu JS, Li CF, Guo GC. Characterizing Biphoton Spatial Wave Function Dynamics with Quantum Wavefront Sensing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:033602. [PMID: 39094149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
With an extremely high dimensionality, the spatial degree of freedom of entangled photons is a key tool for quantum foundation and applied quantum techniques. To fully utilize the feature, the essential task is to experimentally characterize the multiphoton spatial wave function including the entangled amplitude and phase information at different evolutionary stages. However, there is no effective method to measure it. Quantum state tomography is costly, and quantum holography requires additional references. Here, we introduce quantum Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing to perform efficient and reference-free measurement of the biphoton spatial wave function. The joint probability distribution of photon pairs at the back focal plane of a microlens array is measured and used for amplitude extraction and phase reconstruction. In the experiment, we observe that the biphoton amplitude correlation becomes weak while phase correlation shows up during free-space propagation. Our work is a crucial step in quantum physical and adaptive optics and paves the way for characterizing quantum optical fields with high-order correlations or topological patterns.
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2
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Cameron P, Courme B, Vernière C, Pandya R, Faccio D, Defienne H. Adaptive optical imaging with entangled photons. Science 2024; 383:1142-1148. [PMID: 38452085 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk7825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive optics (AO) has revolutionized imaging in fields from astronomy to microscopy by correcting optical aberrations. In label-free microscopes, however, conventional AO faces limitations because of the absence of a guide star and the need to select an optimization metric specific to the sample and imaging process. Here, we propose an AO approach leveraging correlations between entangled photons to directly correct the point spread function. This guide star-free method is independent of the specimen and imaging modality. We demonstrate the imaging of biological samples in the presence of aberrations using a bright-field imaging setup operating with a source of spatially entangled photon pairs. Our approach performs better than conventional AO in correcting specific aberrations, particularly those involving substantial defocus. Our work improves AO for label-free microscopy and could play a major role in the development of quantum microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cameron
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Baptiste Courme
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Universite PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, College de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chloé Vernière
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Raj Pandya
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Universite PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, College de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hugo Defienne
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
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3
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He Z, Zhang Y, Tong X, Li L, Wang LV. Quantum microscopy of cells at the Heisenberg limit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2441. [PMID: 37117176 PMCID: PMC10147633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Entangled biphoton sources exhibit nonclassical characteristics and have been applied to imaging techniques such as ghost imaging, quantum holography, and quantum optical coherence tomography. The development of wide-field quantum imaging to date has been hindered by low spatial resolutions, speeds, and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs). Here, we present quantum microscopy by coincidence (QMC) with balanced pathlengths, which enables super-resolution imaging at the Heisenberg limit with substantially higher speeds and CNRs than existing wide-field quantum imaging methods. QMC benefits from a configuration with balanced pathlengths, where a pair of entangled photons traversing symmetric paths with balanced optical pathlengths in two arms behave like a single photon with half the wavelength, leading to a two-fold resolution improvement. Concurrently, QMC resists stray light up to 155 times stronger than classical signals. The low intensity and entanglement features of biphotons in QMC promise nondestructive bioimaging. QMC advances quantum imaging to the microscopic level with significant improvements in speed and CNR toward the bioimaging of cancer cells. We experimentally and theoretically prove that the configuration with balanced pathlengths illuminates an avenue for quantum-enhanced coincidence imaging at the Heisenberg limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe He
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yide Zhang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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4
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Camphausen R, Sansa Perna A, Cuevas Á, Demuth A, Arrés Chillón J, Gräfe M, Steinlechner F, Pruneri V. Fast quantum-enhanced imaging with visible-wavelength entangled photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6039-6050. [PMID: 36823870 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum resources can provide supersensitive performance in optical imaging. Detecting entangled photon pairs from spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) with single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensor arrays (ISAs) enables practical wide-field quantum-enhanced imaging. However, matching the SPDC wavelength to the peak detection efficiency range of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible mass-producible SPAD-ISAs has remained technologically elusive, resulting in low imaging speeds to date. Here, we show that a recently developed visible-wavelength entangled photon source enables high-speed quantum imaging. By operating at high detection efficiency of a SPAD-ISA, we increase acquisition speed by more than an order of magnitude compared to previous similar quantum imaging demonstrations. Besides being fast, the quantum-enhanced phase imager operating at short wavelengths retrieves nanometer scale height differences, tested by imaging evaporated silica and protein microarray spots on glass samples, with sensitivity improved by a factor of 1.351 ± 0.004 over equivalent ideal classical imaging. This work represents an important stepping stone towards scalable real-world quantum imaging advantage, and may find use in biomedical and industrial applications as well as fundamental research.
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5
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Bhattacharjee A, Joshi MK, Karan S, Leach J, Jha AK. Propagation-induced revival of entanglement in the angle-OAM bases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn7876. [PMID: 35930646 PMCID: PMC9355354 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the continuous-variable position-momentum entanglement of photon pairs produced by parametric down-conversion has applicability in several quantum information applications, it is not suitable for applications involving long-distance propagation. This is because entanglement in the position-momentum bases, as seen through Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)-correlation measurements, decays very rapidly with photons propagating away from the source. In contrast, in this article, we show that in the continuous-variable bases of angle-orbital angular momentum (OAM), the entanglement, as seen through EPR-correlation measurements, exhibits a remarkably different behavior. As with the position-momentum bases, initially, the entanglement in the angle-OAM bases also decays with propagation, and after a few centimeters of propagation, there is no angle-OAM entanglement left. However, as the photons continue to travel further away from the source, the entanglement in the angle-OAM bases revives. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate this behavior and show that angle-OAM entanglement revives even in the presence of strong turbulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mritunjay K. Joshi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur UP 208016, India
| | - Suman Karan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur UP 208016, India
| | - Jonathan Leach
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Anand K. Jha
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur UP 208016, India
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6
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Pixel super-resolution with spatially entangled photons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3566. [PMID: 35732642 PMCID: PMC9217946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pixelation occurs in many imaging systems and limits the spatial resolution of the acquired images. This effect is notably present in quantum imaging experiments with correlated photons in which the number of pixels used to detect coincidences is often limited by the sensor technology or the acquisition speed. Here, we introduce a pixel super-resolution technique based on measuring the full spatially-resolved joint probability distribution (JPD) of spatially-entangled photons. Without shifting optical elements or using prior information, our technique increases the pixel resolution of the imaging system by a factor two and enables retrieval of spatial information lost due to undersampling. We demonstrate its use in various quantum imaging protocols using photon pairs, including quantum illumination, entanglement-enabled quantum holography, and in a full-field version of N00N-state quantum holography. The JPD pixel super-resolution technique can benefit any full-field imaging system limited by the sensor spatial resolution, including all already established and future photon-correlation-based quantum imaging schemes, bringing these techniques closer to real-world applications. Pixelation is common in quantum imaging systems and limit the image spatial resolution. Here, the authors introduce a pixel super-resolution approach based on measuring the full spatially-resolved joint probability distribution of spatially-entangled photons, and improve pixel resolution by a factor two.
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7
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Zhao J, Lyons A, Ulku AC, Defienne H, Faccio D, Charbon E. Light detection and ranging with entangled photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:3675-3683. [PMID: 35209621 DOI: 10.1364/oe.435898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a key technology for depth imaging through complex environments. Despite recent advances, an open challenge is the ability to isolate the LiDAR signal from other spurious sources including background light and jamming signals. Here we show that a time-resolved coincidence scheme can address these challenges by exploiting spatio-temporal correlations between entangled photon pairs. We demonstrate that a photon-pair-based LiDAR can distill desired depth information in the presence of both synchronous and asynchronous spurious signals without prior knowledge of the scene and the target object. This result enables the development of robust and secure quantum LiDAR systems and paves the way to time-resolved quantum imaging applications.
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Chierchie F, Moroni GF, Stefanazzi L, Paolini E, Tiffenberg J, Estrada J, Cancelo G, Uemura S. Smart Readout of Nondestructive Image Sensors with Single Photon-Electron Sensitivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:241101. [PMID: 34951780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Image sensors with nondestructive charge readout provide single-photon or single-electron sensitivity, but at the cost of long readout times. We present a smart readout technique to allow the use of these sensors in visible light and other applications that require faster readout times. The method optimizes the readout noise and time by changing the number of times pixels are read out either statically, by defining an arbitrary number of regions of interest in the array, or dynamically, depending on the charge or energy of interest in the pixel. This technique is tested in a Skipper CCD showing that it is possible to obtain deep subelectron noise, and therefore, high resolution of quantized charge, while dynamically changing the readout noise of the sensor. These faster, low noise readout techniques show that the skipper CCD is a competitive technology even where other technologies such as electron multiplier charge coupled devices, silicon photo multipliers, etc. are currently used. This technique could allow skipper CCDs to benefit new astronomical instruments, quantum imaging, exoplanet search and study, and quantum metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Chierchie
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages" (IIIE), Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | | | - Leandro Stefanazzi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - Eduardo Paolini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages" (IIIE), Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Javier Tiffenberg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - Juan Estrada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - Gustavo Cancelo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - Sho Uemura
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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9
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Camphausen R, Cuevas Á, Duempelmann L, Terborg RA, Wajs E, Tisa S, Ruggeri A, Cusini I, Steinlechner F, Pruneri V. A quantum-enhanced wide-field phase imager. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2155. [PMID: 34788099 PMCID: PMC8598016 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum techniques can be used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in optical imaging. Leveraging the latest advances in single-photon avalanche diode array cameras and multiphoton detection techniques, here, we introduce a supersensitive phase imager, which uses space-polarization hyperentanglement to operate over a large field of view without the need of scanning operation. We show quantum-enhanced imaging of birefringent and nonbirefringent phase samples over large areas, with sensitivity improvements over equivalent classical measurements carried out with equal number of photons. The potential applicability is demonstrated by imaging a biomedical protein microarray sample. Our technology is inherently scalable to high-resolution images and represents an essential step toward practical quantum-enhanced imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Camphausen
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. (R.C.); (Á.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Álvaro Cuevas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. (R.C.); (Á.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Luc Duempelmann
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roland A. Terborg
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewelina Wajs
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Tisa
- Micro Photon Device SRL, Via Waltraud Gebert Deeg 3f, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruggeri
- Micro Photon Device SRL, Via Waltraud Gebert Deeg 3f, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Iris Cusini
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Giuseppe Ponzio, 34, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabian Steinlechner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. (R.C.); (Á.C.); (V.P.)
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10
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Boucher P, Defienne H, Gigan S. Engineering spatial correlations of entangled photon pairs by pump beam shaping. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4200-4203. [PMID: 34469974 DOI: 10.1364/ol.425372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer the properties of quantum optical states is essential for quantum information processing applications. Here, we demonstrate tunable control of spatial correlations between photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and measure them using an electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) camera. By shaping the spatial pump beam profile in a type-I collinear configuration, we tailor the spatial structure of coincidences between photon pairs entangled in high dimensions without effect on intensity. The results highlight fundamental aspects of spatial coherence and hold potential for the development of quantum technologies based on high-dimensional spatial entanglement.
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11
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Gregory T, Moreau PA, Toninelli E, Padgett MJ. Imaging through noise with quantum illumination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2652. [PMID: 32083179 PMCID: PMC7007263 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The contrast of an image can be degraded by the presence of background light and sensor noise. To overcome this degradation, quantum illumination protocols have been theorized that exploit the spatial correlations between photon pairs. Here, we demonstrate the first full-field imaging system using quantum illumination by an enhanced detection protocol. With our current technology, we achieve a rejection of background and stray light of up to 5.8 and also report an image contrast improvement up to a factor of 11, which is resilient to both environmental noise and transmission losses. The quantum illumination protocol differs from usual quantum schemes in that the advantage is maintained even in the presence of noise and loss. Our approach may enable laboratory-based quantum imaging to be applied to real-world applications where the suppression of background light and noise is important, such as imaging under low photon flux and quantum LIDAR.
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12
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Defienne H, Reichert M, Fleischer JW, Faccio D. Quantum image distillation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0307. [PMID: 31667343 PMCID: PMC6799981 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Imaging with quantum states of light promises advantages over classical approaches in terms of resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and sensitivity. However, quantum detectors are particularly sensitive sources of classical noise that can reduce or cancel any quantum advantage in the final result. Without operating in the single-photon counting regime, we experimentally demonstrate distillation of a quantum image from measured data composed of a superposition of both quantum and classical light. We measure the image of an object formed under quantum illumination (correlated photons) that is mixed with another image produced by classical light (uncorrelated photons) with the same spectrum and polarization, and we demonstrate near-perfect separation of the two superimposed images by intensity correlation measurements. This work provides a method to mix and distinguish information carried by quantum and classical light, which may be useful for quantum imaging, communications, and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Defienne
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Reichert
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jason W. Fleischer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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13
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Simultaneous observation of higher-order non-classicalities based on experimental photocount moments and probabilities. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8961. [PMID: 31222025 PMCID: PMC6586831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a sub-Poissonian optical field generated from a weak twin beam by photon-number resolving post-selection we have simultaneously observed higher-order non-classicalities in photocount moments (sub-Poissonian statistics) and probabilities (witnessed by the Klyshko inequalities). Up to the seventh-order non-classicalities in photocount moments simultaneously with up to the eleventh-order non-classicalities in photocount probabilities have been experimentally observed. Non-classicality counting parameters of different orders as experimental counterparts of the theoretical Lee non-classicality depth have been suggested to quantify and also mutually compare the robustness of these non-classicalities against the noise.
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14
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Defienne H, Reichert M, Fleischer JW. Adaptive Quantum Optics with Spatially Entangled Photon Pairs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:233601. [PMID: 30576164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light shaping facilitates the preparation and detection of optical states and underlies many applications in communications, computing, and imaging. In this Letter, we generalize light shaping to the quantum domain. We show that patterns of phase modulation for classical laser light can also shape higher orders of spatial coherence, allowing deterministic tailoring of high-dimensional quantum entanglement. By modulating spatially entangled photon pairs, we create periodic, topological, and random patterns of quantum illumination, without effect on intensity. We then structure the quantum illumination to simultaneously compensate for entanglement that has been randomized by a scattering medium and to characterize the medium's properties via a quantum measurement of the optical memory effect. The results demonstrate fundamental aspects of spatial coherence and open the field of adaptive quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Defienne
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Matthew Reichert
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jason W Fleischer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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