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Liang X, Cao Y, Yan P, Zhou Y. Asymmetric Magnon Frequency Comb. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6730-6736. [PMID: 38787290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We theoretically show the asymmetric spin wave transmission in a coupled waveguide-skyrmion structure, where the skyrmion acts as an effective nanocavity allowing the whispering gallery modes for magnons. The asymmetry originates from the chiral spin wave mode localized in the circular skyrmion wall. By inputting two-tone excitations and mixing them in the skyrmion wall, we observe a unidirectional output magnon frequency comb propagating in the waveguide with a record number of teeth (>50). This coupled waveguide-cavity structure turns out to be a universal paradigm for generating asymmetric magnon frequency combs, where the cavity can be generalized to other magnetic structures that support the whispering gallery mode of magnons. Our results advance the understanding of the nonlinear interaction between magnons and magnetic textures and open a new pathway to exploring the asymmetric spin wave transmission and to steering the magnon frequency comb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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2
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Bejarano M, Goncalves FJT, Hache T, Hollenbach M, Heins C, Hula T, Körber L, Heinze J, Berencén Y, Helm M, Fassbender J, Astakhov GV, Schultheiss H. Parametric magnon transduction to spin qubits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi2042. [PMID: 38507479 PMCID: PMC10954226 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The integration of heterogeneous modular units for building large-scale quantum networks requires engineering mechanisms that allow suitable transduction of quantum information. Magnon-based transducers are especially attractive due to their wide range of interactions and rich nonlinear dynamics, but most of the work to date has focused on linear magnon transduction in the traditional system composed of yttrium iron garnet and diamond, two materials with difficult integrability into wafer-scale quantum circuits. In this work, we present a different approach by using wafer-compatible materials to engineer a hybrid transducer that exploits magnon nonlinearities in a magnetic microdisc to address quantum spin defects in silicon carbide. The resulting interaction scheme points to the unique transduction behavior that can be obtained when complementing quantum systems with nonlinear magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Bejarano
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco J. T. Goncalves
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Toni Hache
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Hollenbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Heins
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Hula
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Technical University of Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Lukas Körber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Heinze
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yonder Berencén
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgy V. Astakhov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Helmut Schultheiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Jin Z, Yao X, Wang Z, Yuan HY, Zeng Z, Wang W, Cao Y, Yan P. Nonlinear Topological Magnon Spin Hall Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:166704. [PMID: 37925727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.166704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
When a magnon passes through two-dimensional magnetic textures, it will experience a fictitious magnetic field originating from the 3×3 skew-symmetric gauge fields. To date, only one of the three independent components of the gauge fields has been found to play a role in generating the fictitious magnetic field, while the other two are perfectly hidden. In this Letter, we show that they are concealed in the nonlinear magnon transport in magnetic textures. Without loss of generality, we theoretically study the nonlinear magnon-skyrmion interaction in antiferromagnets. By analyzing the scattering features of three-magnon processes between the circularly polarized incident magnon and breathing skyrmion, we predict a giant Hall angle of both the confluence and splitting modes. Furthermore, we find that the Hall angle reverses its sign when one switches the handedness of the incident magnons. We dub this the nonlinear topological magnon spin Hall effect. Our findings are deeply rooted in the bosonic nature of magnons that the particle number is not conserved, which has no counterpart in low-energy fermionic systems and may open the door for probing gauge fields by nonlinear means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejunyu Jin
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xianglong Yao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Y Yuan
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zhaozhuo Zeng
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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4
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Körber L, Heins C, Hula T, Kim JV, Thlang S, Schultheiss H, Fassbender J, Schultheiss K. Pattern recognition in reciprocal space with a magnon-scattering reservoir. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3954. [PMID: 37402733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnons are elementary excitations in magnetic materials and undergo nonlinear multimode scattering processes at large input powers. In experiments and simulations, we show that the interaction between magnon modes of a confined magnetic vortex can be harnessed for pattern recognition. We study the magnetic response to signals comprising sine wave pulses with frequencies corresponding to radial mode excitations. Three-magnon scattering results in the excitation of different azimuthal modes, whose amplitudes depend strongly on the input sequences. We show that recognition rates as high as 99.4% can be attained for four-symbol sequences using the scattered modes, with strong performance maintained with the presence of amplitude noise in the inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Körber
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany.
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany.
| | - Christopher Heins
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - Tobias Hula
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, D-09107, Germany
| | - Joo-Von Kim
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sonia Thlang
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Helmut Schultheiss
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - Katrin Schultheiss
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany.
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5
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Sheng L, Elyasi M, Chen J, He W, Wang Y, Wang H, Feng H, Zhang Y, Medlej I, Liu S, Jiang W, Han X, Yu D, Ansermet JP, Bauer GEW, Yu H. Nonlocal Detection of Interlayer Three-Magnon Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:046701. [PMID: 36763421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.046701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A leading nonlinear effect in magnonics is the interaction that splits a high-frequency magnon into two low-frequency magnons with conserved linear momentum. Here, we report experimental observation of nonlocal three-magnon scattering between spatially separated magnetic systems, viz. a CoFeB nanowire and a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin film. Above a certain threshold power of an applied microwave field, a CoFeB Kittel magnon splits into a pair of counterpropagating YIG magnons that induce voltage signals in Pt electrodes on each side, in excellent agreement with model calculations based on the interlayer dipolar interaction. The excited YIG magnon pairs reside mainly in the first excited (n=1) perpendicular standing spin-wave mode. With increasing power, the n=1 magnons successively scatter into nodeless (n=0) magnons through a four-magnon process. Our results demonstrate nonlocal detection of two separately propagating magnons emerging from one common source that may enable quantum entanglement between distant magnons for quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutong Sheng
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mehrdad Elyasi
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jilei Chen
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Wenqing He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yizhan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hanchen Wang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Hongmei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Israa Medlej
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Song Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiufeng Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Ansermet
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit E W Bauer
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Haiming Yu
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
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6
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Wang Z, Yuan HY, Cao Y, Yan P. Twisted Magnon Frequency Comb and Penrose Superradiance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:107203. [PMID: 36112451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantization effects of the nonlinear magnon-vortex interaction in ferromagnetic nanodisks are studied. We show that the circular geometry twists the spin-wave fields with spiral phase dislocations carrying quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM). Meanwhile, the confluence and splitting scattering of twisted magnons off the gyrating vortex core (VC) generates a frequency comb consisting of discrete and equally spaced spectral lines, dubbed as twisted magnon frequency comb (TMFC). It is found that the mode spacing of the TMFC is equal to the gyration frequency of the VC and the OAM quantum numbers between adjacent spectral lines differ by one. By applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of a thick nanodisk, we observe a magnonic Penrose superradiance inside the cone vortex state, which mimics the amplification of particles scattered from a rotating black hole. It is demonstrated that the higher-order modes of TMFC are significantly amplified while the lower-order ones are trapped within the VC gyrating orbit which manifests as the ergoregion. These results suggest a promising way to generate twisted magnons with large OAM and to drastically improve the flatness of the magnon comb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Y Yuan
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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7
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Dreyer R, Schäffer AF, Bauer HG, Liebing N, Berakdar J, Woltersdorf G. Imaging and phase-locking of non-linear spin waves. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4939. [PMID: 35999206 PMCID: PMC9399154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-linear processes are a key feature in the emerging field of spin-wave based information processing and allow to convert uniform spin-wave excitations into propagating modes at different frequencies. Recently, the existence of non-linear magnons at half-integer multiples of the driving frequency has been predicted for Ni80Fe20 at low bias fields. However, it is an open question under which conditions such non-linear spin waves emerge coherently and how they may be used in device structures. Usually non-linear processes are explored in the small modulation regime and result in the well known three and four magnon scattering processes. Here we demonstrate and image a class of spin waves oscillating at half-integer harmonics that have only recently been proposed for the strong modulation regime. The direct imaging of these parametrically generated magnons in Ni80Fe20 elements allows to visualize their wave vectors. In addition, we demonstrate the presence of two degenerate phase states that may be selected by external phase-locking. These results open new possibilities for applications such as spin-wave sources, amplifiers and phase-encoded information processing with magnons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Dreyer
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander F Schäffer
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Liebing
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jamal Berakdar
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Georg Woltersdorf
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany.
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8
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Gartside JC, Stenning KD, Vanstone A, Holder HH, Arroo DM, Dion T, Caravelli F, Kurebayashi H, Branford WR. Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:460-469. [PMID: 35513584 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strongly interacting artificial spin systems are moving beyond mimicking naturally occurring materials to emerge as versatile functional platforms, from reconfigurable magnonics to neuromorphic computing. Typically, artificial spin systems comprise nanomagnets with a single magnetization texture: collinear macrospins or chiral vortices. By tuning nanoarray dimensions we have achieved macrospin-vortex bistability and demonstrated a four-state metamaterial spin system, the 'artificial spin-vortex ice' (ASVI). ASVI can host Ising-like macrospins with strong ice-like vertex interactions and weakly coupled vortices with low stray dipolar field. Vortices and macrospins exhibit starkly differing spin-wave spectra with analogue mode amplitude control and mode frequency shifts of Δf = 3.8 GHz. The enhanced bitextural microstate space gives rise to emergent physical memory phenomena, with ratchet-like vortex injection and history-dependent non-linear fading memory when driven through global magnetic field cycles. We employed spin-wave microstate fingerprinting for rapid, scalable readout of vortex and macrospin populations, and leveraged this for spin-wave reservoir computation. ASVI performs non-linear mapping transformations of diverse input and target signals in addition to chaotic time-series forecasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Vanstone
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Holly H Holder
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daan M Arroo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Troy Dion
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
- Solid State Physics Lab., Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Francesco Caravelli
- Theoretical Division (T4), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | - Will R Branford
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Ren YL. Nonreciprocal optical-microwave entanglement in a spinning magnetic resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1125-1128. [PMID: 35230307 DOI: 10.1364/ol.451050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a nonreciprocal optical-microwave entanglement in a hybrid system composed of a spinning magnetic resonator and a microwave resonator. The optical Sagnac effect caused by the spinning of the magnetic resonator leads to a significant difference in the quantum entanglement for driving the magnetic resonator from opposite directions, which results in the nonreciprocal optical-microwave entanglement. Remarkably, the nonreciprocal optical-microwave entanglement determined by the spinning speed, driving direction, and driving frequency has a high tunability, so it can be turned on or off on demand. Our work opens up a new, to the best of our knowledge, route to achieve nonreciprocal entanglement between microwave and optical domains, which may have potential applications in chiral quantum networking.
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10
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Makarov D, Volkov OM, Kákay A, Pylypovskyi OV, Budinská B, Dobrovolskiy OV. New Dimension in Magnetism and Superconductivity: 3D and Curvilinear Nanoarchitectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101758. [PMID: 34705309 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the primary field, where curvature has been at the heart of research, is the theory of general relativity. In recent studies, however, the impact of curvilinear geometry enters various disciplines, ranging from solid-state physics over soft-matter physics, chemistry, and biology to mathematics, giving rise to a plethora of emerging domains such as curvilinear nematics, curvilinear studies of cell biology, curvilinear semiconductors, superfluidity, optics, 2D van der Waals materials, plasmonics, magnetism, and superconductivity. Here, the state of the art is summarized and prospects for future research in curvilinear solid-state systems exhibiting such fundamental cooperative phenomena as ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity are outlined. Highlighting the recent developments and current challenges in theory, fabrication, and characterization of curvilinear micro- and nanostructures, special attention is paid to perspective research directions entailing new physics and to their strong application potential. Overall, the perspective is aimed at crossing the boundaries between the magnetism and superconductivity communities and drawing attention to the conceptual aspects of how extension of structures into the third dimension and curvilinear geometry can modify existing and aid launching novel functionalities. In addition, the perspective should stimulate the development and dissemination of research and development oriented techniques to facilitate rapid transitions from laboratory demonstrations to industry-ready prototypes and eventual products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksii M Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Kákay
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Barbora Budinská
- Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Oleksandr V Dobrovolskiy
- Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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11
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Etesamirad A, Rodriguez R, Bocanegra J, Verba R, Katine J, Krivorotov IN, Tyberkevych V, Ivanov B, Barsukov I. Controlling Magnon Interaction by a Nanoscale Switch. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20288-20295. [PMID: 33885300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control and tune magnetic dissipation is a key concept of emergent spintronic technologies. Magnon scattering processes constitute a major dissipation channel in nanomagnets, redefine their response to spin torque, and hold the promise for manipulating magnetic states on the quantum level. Controlling these processes in nanomagnets, while being imperative for spintronic applications, has remained difficult to achieve. Here, we propose an approach for controlling magnon scattering by a switch that generates nonuniform magnetic field at nanoscale. We provide an experimental demonstration in magnetic tunnel junction nanodevices, consisting of a free layer and a synthetic antiferromagnet. By triggering the spin-flop transition in the synthetic antiferromagnet and utilizing its stray field, magnon interaction in the free layer is toggled. The results open up avenues for tuning nonlinearities in magnetic neuromorphic applications and for engineering coherent magnon coupling in hybrid quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Etesamirad
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Rodolfo Rodriguez
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Joshua Bocanegra
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | - Jordan Katine
- Western Digital, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Ilya N Krivorotov
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vasyl Tyberkevych
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | | | - Igor Barsukov
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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12
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Körber L, Schultheiss K, Hula T, Verba R, Fassbender J, Kákay A, Schultheiss H. Nonlocal Stimulation of Three-Magnon Splitting in a Magnetic Vortex. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:207203. [PMID: 33258661 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.207203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined numerical, theoretical, and experimental study on stimulated three-magnon splitting in a magnetic disk in the vortex state. Our micromagnetic simulations and Brillouin-light-scattering results confirm that three-magnon splitting can be triggered even below threshold by exciting one of the secondary modes by magnons propagating in a waveguide next to the disk. The experiments show that stimulation is possible over an extended range of excitation powers and a wide range of frequencies around the eigenfrequencies of the secondary modes. Rate-equation calculations predict an instantaneous response to stimulation and the possibility to prematurely trigger three-magnon splitting even above threshold in a sustainable manner. These predictions are confirmed experimentally using time-resolved Brillouin-light-scattering measurements and are in a good qualitative agreement with the theoretical results. We believe that the controllable mechanism of stimulated three-magnon splitting could provide a possibility to utilize magnon-based nonlinear networks as hardware for neuromorphic computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Körber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Schultheiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - T Hula
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - R Verba
- Institute of Magnetism, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - J Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Kákay
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Schultheiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Träger N, Gruszecki P, Lisiecki F, Groß F, Förster J, Weigand M, Głowiński H, Kuświk P, Dubowik J, Krawczyk M, Gräfe J. Demonstration of k-vector selective microscopy for nanoscale mapping of higher order spin wave modes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17238-17244. [PMID: 32558843 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02132f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a potential route towards beyond CMOS computing magnonic waveguides show outstanding properties regarding fundamental wave physics and data transmission. Here, we use time resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy to directly observe spin waves in magnonic permalloy waveguides with nanoscale resolution. Additionally, we demonstrate an approach for k-vector selective imaging to deconvolute overlapping modes in real space measurements. Thereby, we observe efficient excitation of symmetric and antisymmetric modes. The profiles of higher order modes that arise from sub-micron confinement are precisely mapped out and compared to analytical models. Thus, we lay a basis for the design of multimode spin wave transmission systems and demonstrate a general technique for k-specific microscopy that can also be used beyond the field of magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Träger
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.
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14
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Chang LJ, Chen J, Qu D, Tsai LZ, Liu YF, Kao MY, Liang JZ, Wu TS, Chuang TM, Yu H, Lee SF. Spin Wave Injection and Propagation in a Magnetic Nanochannel from a Vortex Core. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3140-3146. [PMID: 32323994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin waves can be used as information carriers with low energy dissipation. The excitation and propagation of spin waves along reconfigurable magnonic circuits is the subject of much interest in the field of magnonic applications. Here we experimentally demonstrate an effective excitation of spin waves in reconfigurable magnetic textures at frequencies as high as 15 GHz and wavelengths as short as 80 nm from Ni80Fe20 (Py) nanodisk-film hybrid structures. Most importantly, we demonstrate these spin wave modes, which were previously confined within a nanodisk, can now couple to and propagate along a nanochannel formed by magnetic domain walls at zero magnetic bias field. The tunable high-frequency, short-wavelength, and propagating spin waves may play a vital role in energy efficient and programmable magnonic devices at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jilei Chen
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Danru Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Li-Zai Tsai
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Liu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Kao
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Zhi Liang
- Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 24205, Taiwan
| | - Tsuei-Shin Wu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Haiming Yu
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Fan Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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15
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Martínez-Pérez MJ, Müller B, Lin J, Rodriguez LA, Snoeck E, Kleiner R, Sesé J, Koelle D. Magnetic vortex nucleation and annihilation in bi-stable ultra-small ferromagnetic particles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2587-2595. [PMID: 31939948 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08557b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vortex-mediated magnetization reversal in individual ultra-small (∼100 nm) ferromagnetic particles at low temperatures is studied by nanoSQUID magnetometry. At zero applied bias field, the flux-closure magnetic state (vortex) and the quasi uniform configuration are bi-stable. This stems from the extremely small size of the nanoparticles that lies very close to the limit of single-domain formation. The analysis of the temperature-dependent (from 0.3 to 70 K) hysteresis of the magnetization allows us to infer the nature of the ground state magnetization configuration. The latter corresponds to a vortex state as also confirmed by electron holography experiments. Based on the simultaneous analysis of the vortex nucleation and annihilation data, we estimate the magnitude of the energy barriers separating the quasi single-domain and the vortex state and their field dependence. For this purpose, we use a modified power-law scaling of the energy barriers as a function of the applied bias field. These studies are essential to test the thermal and temporal stability of flux-closure states stabilized in ultra-small ferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Martínez-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. and Fundación ARAID, Avda. de Ranillas, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - B Müller
- Physikalisches Institut - Experimentalphysik II and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Lin
- Physikalisches Institut - Experimentalphysik II and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L A Rodriguez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia and Center of Excellence on Novel Materials - CENM, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia
| | - E Snoeck
- CEMES-CNRS 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, B.P. 94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - R Kleiner
- Physikalisches Institut - Experimentalphysik II and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Sesé
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Koelle
- Physikalisches Institut - Experimentalphysik II and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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