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Du B, Suresh R, López S, Cadiente J, Ma R. Probing Site-Resolved Current in Strongly Interacting Superconducting Circuit Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:060601. [PMID: 39178460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Transport measurements are fundamental for understanding condensed matter phenomena, from superconductivity to the fractional quantum Hall effect. Analogously, they can be powerful tools for probing synthetic quantum matter in quantum simulators. Here we demonstrate the measurement of in situ particle current in a superconducting circuit lattice and apply it to study transport in both coherent and bath-coupled lattices. Our method utilizes controlled tunneling in a double-well potential to map current to on-site density, revealing site-resolved current and current statistics. We prepare a strongly interacting Bose-Hubbard lattice at different lattice fillings, and observe the change in current statistics as the many-body states transition from superfluid to Mott insulator. Furthermore, we explore nonequilibrium current dynamics by coupling the lattice to engineered driven-dissipative baths that serve as tunable particle source and drain. We observe steady-state current in discrete conduction channels and interaction-assisted transport. These results establish a versatile platform to investigate microscopic quantum transport in superconducting circuits.
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2
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Yang TL, Ye GZ, Su WJ, Wu H. Nonreciprocal routing of microwave photons with broad bandwidth via magnon-cavity chiral coupling. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3781-3784. [PMID: 38950266 DOI: 10.1364/ol.528451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for realizing nonreciprocal microwave photon routing with two cascaded magnon-cavity coupled systems, which work around the exceptional points of a parity-time (PT)-symmetric Hamiltonian. An almost perfect nonreciprocal transmission can be achieved with a broad bandwidth, where the transmission for a forward-propagating photon can be flexibly controlled with the backpropagating photon being isolated. The transmission or isolated direction can be reversed via simply controlling the magnetic field direction applied to the magnons. The isolation bandwidth is improved by almost three times in comparison with the device based on a single PT-symmetric system. Moreover, the effect of intrinsic cavity loss and added thermal noises is considered, confirming the experimental feasibility of the nonreciprocal device and potential applications in quantum information processing.
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3
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Ye Y, Peng K, Naghiloo M, Cunningham G, O'Brien KP. Engineering Purely Nonlinear Coupling between Superconducting Qubits Using a Quarton. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:050502. [PMID: 34397252 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong nonlinear coupling of superconducting qubits and/or photons is a critical building block for quantum information processing. Because of the perturbative nature of the Josephson nonlinearity, linear coupling is often used in the dispersive regime to approximate nonlinear coupling. However, this dispersive coupling is weak and the underlying linear coupling mixes the local modes, which, for example, distributes unwanted self-Kerr nonlinearity to photon modes. Here, we use the quarton to yield purely nonlinear coupling between two linearly decoupled transmon qubits. The quarton's zero ϕ^{2} potential enables an ultrastrong gigahertz-level cross-Kerr coupling, which is an order of magnitude stronger compared to existing schemes, and the quarton's positive ϕ^{4} potential can cancel the negative self-Kerr nonlinearity of qubits to linearize them into resonators. This ultrastrong cross-Kerr coupling between bare modes of qubit-qubit, qubit-photon, and even photon-photon is ideal for applications such as single microwave photon detection, ultrafast two-qubit gates, and readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ye
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kaidong Peng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mahdi Naghiloo
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Gregory Cunningham
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kevin P O'Brien
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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4
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Petiziol F, Sameti M, Carretta S, Wimberger S, Mintert F. Quantum Simulation of Three-Body Interactions in Weakly Driven Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:250504. [PMID: 34241528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.250504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The realization of effective Hamiltonians featuring many-body interactions beyond pairwise coupling would enable the quantum simulation of central models underpinning topological physics and quantum computation. We overcome crucial limitations of perturbative Floquet engineering and discuss the highly accurate realization of a purely three-body Hamiltonian in superconducting circuits and molecular nanomagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petiziol
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mahdi Sameti
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Carretta
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sandro Wimberger
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Florian Mintert
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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5
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Fedorov GP, Remizov SV, Shapiro DS, Pogosov WV, Egorova E, Tsitsilin I, Andronik M, Dobronosova AA, Rodionov IA, Astafiev OV, Ustinov AV. Photon Transport in a Bose-Hubbard Chain of Superconducting Artificial Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:180503. [PMID: 34018801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate nonequilibrium steady-state photon transport through a chain of five coupled artificial atoms simulating the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model. Using transmission spectroscopy, we show that the system retains many-particle coherence despite being coupled strongly to two open spaces. We find that cross-Kerr interaction between system states allows high-contrast spectroscopic visualization of the emergent energy bands. For vanishing disorder, we observe the transition of the system from the linear to nonlinear regime of photon blockade in excellent agreement with the input-output theory. Finally, we show how controllable disorder introduced to the system suppresses nonlocal photon transmission. We argue that proposed architecture may be applied to analog simulation of many-body Floquet dynamics with even larger arrays of artificial atoms paving an alternative way towards quantum supremacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Fedorov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Remizov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Shapiro
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - W V Pogosov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Egorova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - I Tsitsilin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Andronik
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Dobronosova
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Rodionov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Astafiev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A V Ustinov
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Institute and Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Hillmann T, Quijandría F, Johansson G, Ferraro A, Gasparinetti S, Ferrini G. Universal Gate Set for Continuous-Variable Quantum Computation with Microwave Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:160501. [PMID: 33124848 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.160501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We provide an explicit construction of a universal gate set for continuous-variable quantum computation with microwave circuits. Such a universal set has been first proposed in quantum-optical setups, but its experimental implementation has remained elusive in that domain due to the difficulties in engineering strong nonlinearities. Here, we show that a realistic three-wave mixing microwave architecture based on the superconducting nonlinear asymmetric inductive element [Frattini et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 222603 (2017)APPLAB0003-695110.1063/1.4984142] allows us to overcome this difficulty. As an application, we show that this architecture allows for the generation of a cubic phase state with an experimentally feasible procedure. This work highlights a practical advantage of microwave circuits with respect to optical systems for the purpose of engineering non-Gaussian states and opens the quest for continuous-variable algorithms based on few repetitions of elementary gates from the continuous-variable universal set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Hillmann
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fernando Quijandría
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Johansson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Ferraro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Gasparinetti
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giulia Ferrini
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Besse JC, Reuer K, Collodo MC, Wulff A, Wernli L, Copetudo A, Malz D, Magnard P, Akin A, Gabureac M, Norris GJ, Cirac JI, Wallraff A, Eichler C. Realizing a deterministic source of multipartite-entangled photonic qubits. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4877. [PMID: 32985501 PMCID: PMC7522291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sources of entangled electromagnetic radiation are a cornerstone in quantum information processing and offer unique opportunities for the study of quantum many-body physics in a controlled experimental setting. Generation of multi-mode entangled states of radiation with a large entanglement length, that is neither probabilistic nor restricted to generate specific types of states, remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the fully deterministic generation of purely photonic entangled states such as the cluster, GHZ, and W state by sequentially emitting microwave photons from a controlled auxiliary system into a waveguide. We tomographically reconstruct the entire quantum many-body state for up to N = 4 photonic modes and infer the quantum state for even larger N from process tomography. We estimate that localizable entanglement persists over a distance of approximately ten photonic qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Reuer
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | | | - Arne Wulff
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Wernli
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Copetudo
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Malz
- Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstrasse 4, München, 80799, Germany
| | - Paul Magnard
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Abdulkadir Akin
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Mihai Gabureac
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Graham J Norris
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - J Ignacio Cirac
- Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstrasse 4, München, 80799, Germany
| | - Andreas Wallraff
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
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8
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Hartmann MJ, Carleo G. Neural-Network Approach to Dissipative Quantum Many-Body Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:250502. [PMID: 31347862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.250502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In experimentally realistic situations, quantum systems are never perfectly isolated and the coupling to their environment needs to be taken into account. Often, the effect of the environment can be well approximated by a Markovian master equation. However, solving this master equation for quantum many-body systems becomes exceedingly hard due to the high dimension of the Hilbert space. Here we present an approach to the effective simulation of the dynamics of open quantum many-body systems based on machine-learning techniques. We represent the mixed many-body quantum states with neural networks in the form of restricted Boltzmann machines and derive a variational Monte Carlo algorithm for their time evolution and stationary states. We document the accuracy of the approach with numerical examples for a dissipative spin lattice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hartmann
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Google Research, Erika-Mann-Str. 33, 80636 München, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Carleo
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
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