1
|
Cardani L, Valenti F, Casali N, Catelani G, Charpentier T, Clemenza M, Colantoni I, Cruciani A, D'Imperio G, Gironi L, Grünhaupt L, Gusenkova D, Henriques F, Lagoin M, Martinez M, Pettinari G, Rusconi C, Sander O, Tomei C, Ustinov AV, Weber M, Wernsdorfer W, Vignati M, Pirro S, Pop IM. Reducing the impact of radioactivity on quantum circuits in a deep-underground facility. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2733. [PMID: 33980835 PMCID: PMC8115287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As quantum coherence times of superconducting circuits have increased from nanoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, they are currently one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing. However, coherence needs to further improve by orders of magnitude to reduce the prohibitive hardware overhead of current error correction schemes. Reaching this goal hinges on reducing the density of broken Cooper pairs, so-called quasiparticles. Here, we show that environmental radioactivity is a significant source of nonequilibrium quasiparticles. Moreover, ionizing radiation introduces time-correlated quasiparticle bursts in resonators on the same chip, further complicating quantum error correction. Operating in a deep-underground lead-shielded cryostat decreases the quasiparticle burst rate by a factor thirty and reduces dissipation up to a factor four, showcasing the importance of radiation abatement in future solid-state quantum hardware.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - F Valenti
- PHI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- IPE, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - N Casali
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - G Catelani
- JARA Institute for Quantum Information, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - T Charpentier
- PHI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Clemenza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - I Colantoni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Dip. Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - L Gironi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - L Grünhaupt
- PHI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Gusenkova
- PHI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Henriques
- PHI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Lagoin
- PHI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Martinez
- Fundación ARAID and Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Pettinari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - C Rusconi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - O Sander
- IPE, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - C Tomei
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - A V Ustinov
- PHI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Weber
- IPE, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - W Wernsdorfer
- PHI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- IQMT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institut Néel, CNRS and Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - M Vignati
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - S Pirro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy
| | - I M Pop
- PHI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- IQMT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fedorov GP, Remizov SV, Shapiro DS, Pogosov WV, Egorova E, Tsitsilin I, Andronik M, Dobronosova AA, Rodionov IA, Astafiev OV, Ustinov AV. Photon Transport in a Bose-Hubbard Chain of Superconducting Artificial Atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:180503. [PMID: 34018801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate nonequilibrium steady-state photon transport through a chain of five coupled artificial atoms simulating the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model. Using transmission spectroscopy, we show that the system retains many-particle coherence despite being coupled strongly to two open spaces. We find that cross-Kerr interaction between system states allows high-contrast spectroscopic visualization of the emergent energy bands. For vanishing disorder, we observe the transition of the system from the linear to nonlinear regime of photon blockade in excellent agreement with the input-output theory. Finally, we show how controllable disorder introduced to the system suppresses nonlocal photon transmission. We argue that proposed architecture may be applied to analog simulation of many-body Floquet dynamics with even larger arrays of artificial atoms paving an alternative way towards quantum supremacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P Fedorov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Remizov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Shapiro
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - W V Pogosov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Egorova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - I Tsitsilin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Andronik
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Dobronosova
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Rodionov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Astafiev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A V Ustinov
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Institute and Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nikolayeva YV, Ulashchik EA, Chekerda EV, Galochkina AV, Slesarchuk NA, Chistov AA, Nikitin TD, Korshun VA, Shmanai VV, Ustinov AV, Shtro AA. 5-(Perylen-3-ylethynyl)uracil Derivatives Inhibit Reproduction of Respiratory Viruses. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2020; 46:315-320. [PMID: 32834709 PMCID: PMC7305479 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis of 5-(perylen-3-ylethynyl)uridine and its ability to effectively inhibit the replication of respiratory disease pathogens in cell culture, namely: influenza A virus (IVA); type 3 parainfluenza virus (PIV-3); and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Related known compounds were also analyzed: 5-(perylen-3-ylethynyl)-2'-deoxy-uridine; 5-(perylen-3-ylethynyl)-arabino-uridine; and 1-carboxymethyl-3-pivaloyloxymethyl-5-(perylen-3-ylethynyl)uracil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. V. Nikolayeva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. A. Ulashchik
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the NAS Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - E. V. Chekerda
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. V. Galochkina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. A. Slesarchuk
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Chistov
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - T. D. Nikitin
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. A. Korshun
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. V. Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the NAS Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - A. V. Ustinov
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Shtro
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khonina SN, Krasnov SV, Ustinov AV, Degtyarev SA, Porfirev AP, Kuchmizhak A, Kudryashov SI. Refractive twisted microaxicons. Opt Lett 2020; 45:1334-1337. [PMID: 32163959 DOI: 10.1364/ol.386223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complex-shaped light fields with specially designed intensity, phase, and polarization distributions are highly demanded for various applications including optical tweezers, laser material processing, and lithography. Here, we propose a novel (to the best of our knowledge) optical element formed by the twisting of a conic surface, a twisted microaxicon, allowing us to controllably generate high-quality spiral-shaped intensity patterns. Performance of the proposed element was analyzed both analytically and numerically using ray approximation and the rigorous finite difference time domain (FDTD) solution of Maxwell's equation. The main geometric parameters, an apex cone angle and a degree of twisting, were considered to control and optimize the generated spiral-shaped intensity patterns. The three-dimensional structure of such a microaxicon cannot be described by an unambiguous height function; therefore, it has no diffraction analogue in the form of a thin optical element. Such an element can be produced via direct laser ablation of transparent targets with structured laser beams or direct laser writing via two-photon photopolymerization and can be used in various micro- and nano-optical applications.
Collapse
|
5
|
Barone C, Rotzinger H, Mauro C, Dorer D, Münzberg J, Ustinov AV, Pagano S. Author Correction: Kondo-like transport and magnetic field effect of charge carrier fluctuations in granular aluminum oxide thin films. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15909. [PMID: 30349059 PMCID: PMC6198007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
|
6
|
Maleeva N, Grünhaupt L, Klein T, Levy-Bertrand F, Dupre O, Calvo M, Valenti F, Winkel P, Friedrich F, Wernsdorfer W, Ustinov AV, Rotzinger H, Monfardini A, Fistul MV, Pop IM. Circuit quantum electrodynamics of granular aluminum resonators. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3889. [PMID: 30250205 PMCID: PMC6155321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Granular aluminum (grAl) is a promising high kinetic inductance material for detectors, amplifiers, and qubits. Here we model the grAl structure, consisting of pure aluminum grains separated by thin aluminum oxide barriers, as a network of Josephson junctions, and we calculate the dispersion relation and nonlinearity (self-Kerr and cross-Kerr coefficients). To experimentally study the electrodynamics of grAl thin films, we measure microwave resonators with open-boundary conditions and test the theoretical predictions in two limits. For low frequencies, we use standard microwave reflection measurements in a low-loss environment. The measured low-frequency modes are in agreement with our dispersion relation model, and we observe self-Kerr coefficients within an order of magnitude from our calculation starting from the grAl microstructure. Using a high-frequency setup, we measure the plasma frequency of the film around 70 GHz, in agreement with the analytical prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Maleeva
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Grünhaupt
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Klein
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
| | - F Levy-Bertrand
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
| | - O Dupre
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
| | - M Calvo
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
| | - F Valenti
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Winkel
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Friedrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Wernsdorfer
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - A V Ustinov
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy prsp., 4, 119049, Moscow, Russia
| | - H Rotzinger
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Monfardini
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, F-3800, Grenoble, France
| | - M V Fistul
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy prsp., 4, 119049, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Expo-ro 55, Yuseong-gu, 34051, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - I M Pop
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khonina SN, Ustinov AV. Fractional Airy beams. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2017; 34:1991-1999. [PMID: 29091649 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.34.001991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Airy beams possess a number of properties that ensure their multifunction and high relevance in many applications. This fact stimulates scientists to search for new modifications and generalizations of classical Airy beams. Several generalizations of the Airy functions are known, on the basis of both the modification of the differential equation and the variations in the integral representation. In this paper we propose and investigate a new type of Airy beams-fractional Airy beams (FrAiB). They are based on the generalization of the integral representation and are close to the Olver functions, but we are considering a wider range of the power-law dependence of the argument, including non-integer (fractional) values of the power. A theoretical and numerical analysis of the FrAiBs, as well as their symmetrized variants, was performed. The properties of FrAiBs, such as being non-diffracting and autofocusing, were numerically investigated by means of the fractional Fourier transform, describing the beam transformations by paraxial optical systems. We believe that new beams can be useful for laser manipulation techniques and lensless laser patterning.
Collapse
|
8
|
Topolyan AP, Strizhevskaya DA, Slyundina MS, Belyaeva MA, Ivanova OM, Korshun VA, Ustinov AV, Mikhura IV, Formanovsky AA, Borisov RS. Tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl carbenium ion as a charge derivatization agent for the analysis of primary amines by MALDI mass spectrometry. J Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481614015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Topolyan AP, Belyaeva MA, Bykov EE, Coodan PV, Rogozhin EA, Strizhevskaya DA, Ivanova OM, Ustinov AV, Mikhura IV, Prokhorenko IA, Korshun VA, Formanovsky AA. Derivatization of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics with Tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)carbenium Ion. Acta Naturae 2016. [DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2016-8-3-128-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics by MS or HPLC is complicated, because a) carbohydrate molecules have low ionization ability in comparison with other organic molecules (particularly in MALDI-MS), and b) the lack of aromatics and/or amide bonds in the molecules makes common HPLC UV-detectors useless. Here, we report on the application of a previously developed method for amine derivatization with tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)carbenium ion to selective modification of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Only amino groups bound to primary carbons get modified. The attached aromatic residue carries a permanent positive charge. This makes it easy to detect aminoglycoside antibiotics by MS-methods and HPLC, both as individual compounds and in mixtures.
Collapse
|
10
|
Khonina SN, Ustinov AV. Generalized apodization of an incoherent imaging system aimed for extending the depth of focus. Pattern Recognit Image Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1054661815040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Lucci M, Badoni D, Merlo V, Ottaviani I, Salina G, Cirillo M, Ustinov AV, Winkler D. Experimental Study of Spectral Properties of a Frenkel-Kontorova System. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:107002. [PMID: 26382697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on microwave emission from linear parallel arrays of underdamped Josephson junctions, which are described by the Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model. Electromagnetic radiation is detected from the arrays when biased on current singularities (steps) appearing at voltages V(n)=Φ(0)(nc̅/L), where Φ(0)=2.07×10(-15) Wb is the magnetic flux quantum, and c̅, L, and n are, respectively, the speed of light in the transmission line embedding the array, L its physical length, and n an integer. The radiation, detected at fundamental frequency c̅/2L when biased on different singularities, indicates shuttling of bunched 2π kinks (magnetic flux quanta). Resonance of flux-quanta motion with the small-amplitude oscillations induced in the arrays gives rise to fine structures in the radiation spectrum, which are interpreted on the basis of the FK model describing the resonance. The impact of our results on design and performances of new digital circuit families is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica and MINAS Lab, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy and INFN sezione "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - D Badoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica and MINAS Lab, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy and INFN sezione "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - V Merlo
- Dipartimento di Fisica and MINAS Lab, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy and INFN sezione "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I Ottaviani
- Dipartimento di Fisica and MINAS Lab, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy and INFN sezione "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G Salina
- Dipartimento di Fisica and MINAS Lab, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy and INFN sezione "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Cirillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica and MINAS Lab, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy and INFN sezione "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A V Ustinov
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany and National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - D Winkler
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience-MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Probst S, Song FB, Bushev PA, Ustinov AV, Weides M. Efficient and robust analysis of complex scattering data under noise in microwave resonators. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:024706. [PMID: 25725869 DOI: 10.1063/1.4907935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting microwave resonators are reliable circuits widely used for detection and as test devices for material research. A reliable determination of their external and internal quality factors is crucial for many modern applications, which either require fast measurements or operate in the single photon regime with small signal to noise ratios. Here, we use the circle fit technique with diameter correction and provide a step by step guide for implementing an algorithm for robust fitting and calibration of complex resonator scattering data in the presence of noise. The speedup and robustness of the analysis are achieved by employing an algebraic rather than an iterative fit technique for the resonance circle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Probst
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F B Song
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P A Bushev
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - A V Ustinov
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Weides
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Butz S, Feofanov AK, Fedorov KG, Rotzinger H, Thomann AU, Mackrodt B, Dolata R, Geshkenbein VB, Blatter G, Ustinov AV. Flux-dependent crossover between quantum and classical behavior in a dc SQUID. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:247005. [PMID: 25541799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.247005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In a coupled system of one classical and one quantum mechanical degree of freedom, the quantum degree of freedom can facilitate the escape of the whole system. Such unusual escape characteristics have been theoretically predicted as the "Münchhausen effect." We implement such a system by shunting one of the two junctions of a dc SQUID with an additional capacitance. In our experiments, we detect a crossover between quantum and classical escape processes related to the direction of escape. We find that, under varying external magnetic flux, macroscopic quantum tunneling periodically alternates with thermally activated escape, a hallmark of the "Münchhausen effect."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Butz
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A K Feofanov
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K G Fedorov
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany and National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - H Rotzinger
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A U Thomann
- Theoretische Physik, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Mackrodt
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Dolata
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - G Blatter
- Theoretische Physik, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A V Ustinov
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany and National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia and Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Averkin AS, Karpov A, Shulga K, Glushkov E, Abramov N, Huebner U, Il'ichev E, Ustinov AV. Broadband sample holder for microwave spectroscopy of superconducting qubits. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:104702. [PMID: 25362429 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a practical design and implementation of a broadband sample holder suitable for microwave experiments with superconducting integrated circuits at millikelvin temperatures. Proposed design can be easily integrated in standard dilution cryostats, has flat pass band response in a frequency range from 0 to 32 GHz, allowing the RF testing of the samples with substrate size up to 4 × 4 mm(2). The parasitic higher modes interference in the holder structure is analyzed and prevented via design considerations. The developed setup can be used for characterization of superconducting parametric amplifiers, bolometers, and qubits. We tested the designed sample holder by characterizing of a superconducting flux qubit at 20 mK temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Averkin
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prosp. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - A Karpov
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prosp. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - K Shulga
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prosp. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - E Glushkov
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prosp. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - N Abramov
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prosp. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - U Huebner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), PO Box 100239, D-07702 Jena, Germany
| | - E Il'ichev
- Russian Quantum Center (RQC), 100 Novaya St., Skolkovo, Moscow region, 143025, Russia
| | - A V Ustinov
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prosp. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jung P, Butz S, Marthaler M, Fistul MV, Leppäkangas J, Koshelets VP, Ustinov AV. Multistability and switching in a superconducting metamaterial. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3730. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
16
|
Butz S, Jung P, Filippenko LV, Koshelets VP, Ustinov AV. A one-dimensional tunable magnetic metamaterial. Opt Express 2013; 21:22540-22548. [PMID: 24104143 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.022540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental data on a one-dimensional super-conducting metamaterial that is tunable over a broad frequency band. The basic building block of this magnetic thin-film medium is a single-junction (rf-) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Due to the nonlinear inductance of such an element, its resonance frequency is tunable in situ by applying a dc magnetic field. We demonstrate that this results in tunable effective parameters of our metamaterial consisting of 54 rf-SQUIDs. In order to obtain the effective magnetic permeability μr,eff from the measured data, we employ a technique that uses only the complex transmission coefficient S₂₁.
Collapse
|
17
|
Probst S, Rotzinger H, Wünsch S, Jung P, Jerger M, Siegel M, Ustinov AV, Bushev PA. Anisotropic rare-earth spin ensemble strongly coupled to a superconducting resonator. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:157001. [PMID: 25167299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.157001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing photonic and solid-state qubits within a hybrid quantum architecture offers a promising route towards large scale distributed quantum computing. Ideal candidates for coherent qubit interconversion are optically active spins, magnetically coupled to a superconducting resonator. We report on an on-chip cavity QED experiment with magnetically anisotropic Er(3+)∶Y2SiO5 crystals and demonstrate collective strong coupling of rare-earth spins to a lumped element resonator. Moreover, the electron spin resonance and relaxation dynamics of the erbium spins are detected via direct microwave absorption, without the aid of a cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Probst
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Rotzinger
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Wünsch
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronische Systeme, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76189 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Jung
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Jerger
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Siegel
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanoelektronische Systeme, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76189 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A V Ustinov
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P A Bushev
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lisenfeld J, Müller C, Cole JH, Bushev P, Lukashenko A, Shnirman A, Ustinov AV. Measuring the temperature dependence of individual two-level systems by direct coherent control. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:230504. [PMID: 21231441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new method to directly manipulate the state of individual two-level systems (TLSs) in phase qubits. It allows one to characterize the coherence properties of TLSs using standard microwave pulse sequences, while the qubit is used only for state readout. We apply this method to measure the temperature dependence of TLS coherence for the first time. The energy relaxation time T1 is found to decrease quadratically with temperature for the two TLSs studied in this work, while their dephasing time measured in Ramsey and spin-echo experiments is found to be T1 limited at all temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lisenfeld
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ustinov AV, Stepanova IA, Dubnyakova VV, Zatsepin TS, Nozhevnikova EV, Korshun VA. Modification of nucleic acids using [3 + 2]-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2010; 36:437-81. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
We designed and fabricated miniature low-pass metal powder filters suitable for noise-sensitive measurements at cryogenic temperatures. In comparison with previous powder filters, our filters have a much better frequency response and significantly smaller dimensions (0.7 cm(3) including the plugs) and can also be used as hermetic feedthroughs at low temperatures. Their transmission characteristics are smooth, contain no ripples, and have a steep decay above the cutoff frequency. At 4.2 K the cutoff frequency of a single filter is f(c)=1 MHz and the roll-off is -50 dB per decade. All of the fabricated filters have identical frequency responses at 4.2 K and their characteristics are reliably reproducible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lukashenko
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lisenfeld J, Lukashenko A, Ansmann M, Martinis JM, Ustinov AV. Temperature dependence of coherent oscillations in Josephson phase qubits. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:170504. [PMID: 17995313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.170504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the temperature dependence of Rabi oscillations and Ramsey fringes in superconducting phase qubits. In a wide range of temperatures, we find that both the decay time and the amplitude of these coherent oscillations remain nearly unaffected by thermal fluctuations. In the two-level limit, coherent qubit response rapidly vanishes as soon as the energy of thermal fluctuations k(B)T becomes larger than the energy level spacing variant Planck's over h omega of the qubit. In contrast, a sample of much shorter coherence times displayed semiclassical oscillations very similar to Rabi oscillation, but showing a qualitatively different temperature dependence. Our observations shed new light on the origin of decoherence in superconducting qubits. The experimental data suggest that, without degrading already achieved coherence times, phase qubits can be operated at temperatures much higher than those reported till now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lisenfeld
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The ability to switch the coupling between quantum bits (qubits) on and off is essential for implementing many quantum-computing algorithms. We demonstrated such control with two flux qubits coupled together through their mutual inductances and through the dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that reads out their magnetic flux states. A bias current applied to the SQUID in the zero-voltage state induced a change in the dynamic inductance, reducing the coupling energy controllably to zero and reversing its sign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hime
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ustinov AV, Korshun VA. Oligonucleotides containing arylacetylene residues: Synthesis and post-synthetic modification via [3+2] cycloaddition. Russ Chem Bull 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Jin XY, Lisenfeld J, Koval Y, Lukashenko A, Ustinov AV, Müller P. Enhanced macroscopic quantum tunneling in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + delta intrinsic Josephson-junction stacks. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:177003. [PMID: 16712327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.177003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated macroscopic quantum tunneling in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8 + delta) intrinsic Josephson junctions at millikelvin temperatures using microwave irradiation. Measurements show that the escape rate for uniformly switching stacks of Nu junctions is about Nu(2) times higher than that of a single junction having the same plasma frequency. We argue that this gigantic enhancement of the macroscopic quantum tunneling rate in stacks is boosted by current fluctuations which occur in the series array of junctions loaded by the impedance of the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Y Jin
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pfeiffer J, Schuster M, Abdumalikov AA, Ustinov AV. Observation of soliton fusion in a Josephson array. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:034103. [PMID: 16486706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.034103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of topological solitons in a parallel array of a Josephson junction is studied experimentally. We observe the fusion of two relativistic solitons of the same polarity into a single soliton. The soliton carries two quanta of magnetic flux and, most strikingly, travels 18% faster than an ordinary soliton under the same driving force. We also find a variety of bunched states composed of solitons of the same polarity, moving with fixed separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pfeiffer
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Andronova VL, Pchelintseva AA, Ustinov AV, Petrunina AL, Korshun VA, Skorobogatyĭ MV, Galegov GA. [Antiherpetic activity of 5-alkynyl derivatives of 2'-deoxyuridine]. Vopr Virusol 2006; 51:34-8. [PMID: 16515041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of new 5-alkynyl-2'-deoxyuridines have been synthesized and their antiherpetic activity was tested in the cultured Vero cells on a model of herpes simplex virus type 1, including its acyclovir-resistant strains. Some test compounds were found to have a significant specific antiherpetic activity. Nucleoside XIV showed the greatest activity. Compounds IV and X also has displayed a significant activity against the herpes simplex virus type 1 strain that is highly resistant to acyclovir. Examining the combined action of substance II with acyclovir and ganciclovir has revealed a synergetic effect.
Collapse
|
27
|
Giller DB, Tokaev KV, Bagirov MA, Sadovnikova SS, Bondarev GB, Ustinov AV, Martel' II, Giller BM, Giller GV. [Outcomes of video-assisted thoracic lung resections and pneumonectomies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk 2006:38-42. [PMID: 17002057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The paper pools some experience with 6 videothoracoscopic and 505 video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) resections of the lung and 105 VATS pneumonectomies. The bulk of the operations [451 (73.2%)] was made for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients aged 7 to 77 years. 81% operations by separately treating root elements, including all pneumonectomies and major lung resections, were performed. A new SOMI-80 suturing apparatus designed for mini-invasive surgery was employed to suture lung tissue in most cases. Intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in 5 and 8 cases, respectively. The efficiency of operations for tuberculosis was 98.6%.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ustinov AV, Giller DB, Nabokova TS, Lenev IN. [A case of acute respiratory distress syndrome in a female patient with a single lung]. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk 2006:70-2. [PMID: 17139838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
|
29
|
Pchelintseva AA, Skorobogatyj MV, Petrunina AL, Andronova VL, Galegov GA, Astakhova IV, Ustinov AV, Malakhov AD, Korshun VA. Synthesis and evaluation of anti-HSV activity of new 5-alkynyl-2'-deoxyuridines. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:923-6. [PMID: 16248063 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200059280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Eight 5-alkynyl-2'deoxyuridines containing different bulky substituents have been prepared and tested against HSV-1 in Vero cells. The compounds show positive antiviral activity. There is no obvious correlation between activity and substituent size. The nature of the linker between uracil and a substituent appears to be more important for antiviral properties: nucleosides containing arylethynyl groups show higher activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Pchelintseva
- Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ustinov AV, Coqui C, Kemp A, Zolotaryuk Y, Salerno M. Ratchetlike dynamics of fluxons in annular Josephson junctions driven by biharmonic microwave fields. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:087001. [PMID: 15447215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.087001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Experimental observation of the unidirectional motion of a topological soliton driven by a biharmonic ac force of zero mean is reported. The observation is made by measuring the current-voltage characteristics for a fluxon trapped in an annular Josephson junction that was placed into a microwave field. The dependence of the fluxon mean velocity at zero dc bias versus the phase shift between the first and second harmonic of the driving force is in qualitative agreement with theoretical expectations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Ustinov
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
We report an experimental and theoretical study of the phase diffusion in small Josephson junctions under microwave irradiation. A peculiar enhancement of the phase diffusion by microwaves is observed. The enhancement manifests itself by a pronounced current peak in the current-voltage characteristics. The voltage position V(top) of the peak increases with the power P of microwave radiation as V(top) proportional to sqrt[P], while its current amplitude weakly decreases with P. As the microwave frequency increases, the peak feature evolves into Shapiro steps with a finite slope. Our theoretical analysis, taking into account the enhancement of incoherent superconducting current by multiphoton absorption, is in good agreement with experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Koval
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sivakov AG, Glukhov AM, Omelyanchouk AN, Koval Y, Müller P, Ustinov AV. Josephson behavior of phase-slip lines in wide superconducting strips. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:267001. [PMID: 14754079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.267001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phase-slip lines can be viewed as dynamically created Josephson junctions in a homogeneous superconducting film. In contrast to phase-slip centers, phase-slip lines occur in wide superconducting strips, where the order parameter may vary in two dimensions. We investigated phase-slip lines in two different materials using several methods. We observed Shapiro steps under microwave radiation, which shows that the frequency of the order parameter oscillation is equal to Josephson frequency. A periodic oscillation of a critical current versus the applied magnetic field was found in strips with a hole in the middle. The latter effect provides a clear evidence of macroscopic quantum interference across a phase-slip line. We have used low temperature scanning laser microscopy to visualize the phase-slip lines and to distinguish them from possible local inhomogeneities in the films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Sivakov
- B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, 61103 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fistul MV, Wallraff A, Koval Y, Lukashenko A, Malomed BA, Ustinov AV. Quantum dissociation of a vortex-antivortex pair in a long josephson junction. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:257004. [PMID: 14754141 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.257004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The thermal and the quantum dissociation of a single vortex-antivortex (VAV) pair in an annular Josephson junction is experimentally observed and theoretically analyzed. In our experiments, the VAV pair is confined in a pinning potential controlled by external magnetic field and bias current. The dissociation of the pinned VAV pair manifests itself in a switching of the Josephson junction from the superconducting to the resistive state. The observed temperature and field dependence of the switching current distribution is in agreement with the analysis. The crossover from the thermal to the macroscopic quantum tunneling mechanism of dissociation occurs at a temperature of about 100 mK. We also predict the specific magnetic field dependence of the oscillatory energy levels of the pinned VAV state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Fistul
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wallraff A, Lukashenko A, Lisenfeld J, Kemp A, Fistul MV, Koval Y, Ustinov AV. Quantum dynamics of a single vortex. Nature 2003; 425:155-8. [PMID: 12968173 DOI: 10.1038/nature01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2003] [Accepted: 06/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vortices occur naturally in a wide range of gases and fluids, from macroscopic to microscopic scales. In Bose-Einstein condensates of dilute atomic gases, superfluid helium and superconductors, the existence of vortices is a consequence of the quantum nature of the system. Quantized vortices of supercurrent are generated by magnetic flux penetrating the material, and play a key role in determining the material properties and the performance of superconductor-based devices. At high temperatures the dynamics of such vortices are essentially classical, while at low temperatures previous experiments have suggested collective quantum dynamics. However, the question of whether vortex tunnelling occurs at low temperatures has been addressed only for large collections of vortices. Here we study the quantum dynamics of an individual vortex in a superconducting Josephson junction. By measuring the statistics of the vortex escape from a controllable pinning potential, we demonstrate the existence of quantized levels of the vortex energy within the trapping potential well and quantum tunnelling of the vortex through the pinning barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wallraff
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
In this paper I review our experiments on visualization of discrete breathers (intrinsic localized modes) in nonlinear lattices made of Josephson junctions. Properties of Josephson junctions and arrays made of such junctions are discussed in the Introduction. The visualization technique based on low temperature laser scanning microscopy (LSM) is described in detail. Images of discrete breathers in Josephson junction arrays of various geometries are presented. Possible further experiments that can be done using LSM technique are envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Ustinov
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pignatelli F, Ustinov AV. Observation of breatherlike states in a single Josephson cell. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 67:036607. [PMID: 12689179 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.036607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental observation of broken-symmetry states in a superconducting loop with three Josephson junctions. These states are generic for discrete breathers in Josephson ladders. The existence region of the breatherlike states is found to be in good accordance with the theoretical expectations. We observed three different resonant states in the current-voltage characteristics of the broken-symmetry state, as predicted by theory. The experimental dependence of the resonances on the external magnetic field is studied in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pignatelli
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wallraff A, Duty T, Lukashenko A, Ustinov AV. Multiphoton transitions between energy levels in a current-biased Josephson tunnel junction. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:037003. [PMID: 12570519 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.037003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The escape of a current-biased Josephson tunnel junction from the zero-voltage state in the presence of weak microwave radiation is investigated experimentally at low temperatures. The measurements of the junction switching current distribution indicate the macroscopic quantum tunneling of the phase below a crossover temperature of T small star, filled approximately 280 mK. At temperatures below T small star, filled we observe both single-photon and multiphoton transitions between the junction energy levels by applying microwave radiation in the frequency range between 10 and 38 GHz to the junction. These observations reflect the anharmonicity of the junction potential containing only a small number of levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wallraff
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Binder P, Ustinov AV. Exploration of a rich variety of breather modes in Josephson ladders. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 66:016603. [PMID: 12241496 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.016603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on systematic measurements of localized rotational modes in Josephson junction arrays. These modes, also known as rotobreathers, persist under the action of uniform bias force. In contrast to previous experiments, here we focus on systems with strong coupling between rotators. In ladders with either open or periodic boundary conditions, we observe a very rich variety of stable dynamic states including symmetric, asymmetric, combined, hybrid, coupled, and truncated modes. The switching scenarios between different states are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Binder
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schuster M, Binder P, Ustinov AV. Observation of breather resonances in Josephson ladders. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:016606. [PMID: 11800810 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.016606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental observation of resonances excited by nonlinear localized states (rotobreathers) in Josephson junction ladders. The rotobreathers are found to persist in a frequency range that allows for their resonant interaction with linear electromagnetic modes in the ladders. This interaction leads to nearly constant voltage steps on the current-voltage characteristics. We also present numerical simulations that agree well with experimental data and confirm the resonant interaction between breathers and linear waves. Resonances occur at the base frequency as well as higher harmonics of the linear modes. The observed substructures on the resonances are attributed to the cavity modes for the ladders. Both experimental and simulated current-voltage characteristics show good quantitative agreement with an analytically calculated dispersion relation for linear electromagnetic modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Schuster
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Binder P, Abraimov D, Ustinov AV. Diversity of discrete breathers observed in a josephson ladder. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:2858-2862. [PMID: 11088768 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We generate and observe discrete rotobreathers in Josephson junction ladders with open boundaries. Rotobreathers are localized excitations that persist under the action of a spatially uniform force. We find a rich variety of stable dynamic states including pure symmetric, pure asymmetric, and mixed states. The parameter range where the discrete breathers are observed in our experiment is limited by retrapping due to dissipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Binder
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Binder P, Abraimov D, Ustinov AV, Flach S, Zolotaryuk Y. Observation of breathers in Josephson ladders. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:745-748. [PMID: 11017362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of spatially localized excitations in a ladder of small Josephson junctions. The excitations are whirling states which persist under a spatially homogeneous force due to the bias current. These states of the ladder are visualized using a low temperature scanning laser microscopy. We also compute breather solutions with high accuracy in corresponding model equations. The stability analysis of these solutions is used to interpret the measured patterns in the I-V characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Binder
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universitat Erlangen, E. -Rommel-Strasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Experiments indicating the excitation of whispering-gallery-type electromagnetic modes by a vortex moving in an annular Josephson junction are reported. At relativistic velocities the Josephson vortex interacts with the modes of the superconducting stripline resonator giving rise to novel resonances on the current-voltage characteristic of the junction. The experimental data are in good agreement with analysis and numerical calculations based on the two-dimensional sine-Gordon model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wallraff
- Physikalisches Institut III, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Neurohr K, Golubov AA, Klocke T, Kaufmann J, Schäpers T, Appenzeller J, Uhlisch D, Ustinov AV, Hollfelder M, Lüth H, Braginski AI. Properties of lateral Nb contacts to a two-dimensional electron gas in an In0.77Ga0.23As/InP heterostructure. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:17018-17028. [PMID: 9985834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.17018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
45
|
Ustinov AV, Kohlstedt H, Henne P. Giant Radiation Linewidth of Multifluxon States in Long Josephson Junctions. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 77:3617-3620. [PMID: 10062265 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
Golubov AA, Malomed BA, Ustinov AV. Radiation linewidth of a long Josephson junction in the flux-flow regime. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:3047-3050. [PMID: 9986197 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
49
|
Quenter D, Ustinov AV, Lachenmann SG, Doderer T, Huebener RP, Müller F, Niemeyer J, Pöpel R, Weimann T. Spatially resolved flux flow in long-overlap Josephson tunnel junctions. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:6542-6550. [PMID: 9977190 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.6542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
50
|
Ustinov AV, Cirillo M, Larsen BH, Oboznov VA, Carelli P, Rotoli G. Experimental and numerical study of dynamic regimes in a discrete sine-Gordon lattice. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:3081-3091. [PMID: 9979091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|