1
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Caldwell R, Cui Y, Guo HK, Mandic V, Mariotti A, No JM, Ramsey-Musolf MJ, Sakellariadou M, Sinha K, Wang LT, White G, Zhao Y, An H, Bian L, Caprini C, Clesse S, Cline JM, Cusin G, Fornal B, Jinno R, Laurent B, Levi N, Lyu KF, Martinez M, Miller AL, Redigolo D, Scarlata C, Sevrin A, Haghi BSE, Shu J, Siemens X, Steer DA, Sundrum R, Tamarit C, Weir DJ, Xie KP, Yang FW, Zhou S. Detection of early-universe gravitational-wave signatures and fundamental physics. GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION 2022; 54:156. [PMID: 36465478 PMCID: PMC9712380 DOI: 10.1007/s10714-022-03027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Detection of a gravitational-wave signal of non-astrophysical origin would be a landmark discovery, potentially providing a significant clue to some of our most basic, big-picture scientific questions about the Universe. In this white paper, we survey the leading early-Universe mechanisms that may produce a detectable signal-including inflation, phase transitions, topological defects, as well as primordial black holes-and highlight the connections to fundamental physics. We review the complementarity with collider searches for new physics, and multimessenger probes of the large-scale structure of the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Yanou Cui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Huai-Ke Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Vuk Mandic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Alberto Mariotti
- Theoretische Natuurkunde and IIHE/ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jose Miguel No
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 13- 15, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf
- Tsung Dao Lee Institute/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200120 People’s Republic of China
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | | | - Kuver Sinha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA
| | - Lian-Tao Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Graham White
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Haipeng An
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligong Bian
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chiara Caprini
- Theoretical Physics Department, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, 1 Esplanade des Particules, 1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Clesse
- Service de Physique Théorique (CP225), University of Brussels (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - James M. Cline
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A2T8 Canada
| | - Giulia Cusin
- Theoretical Physics Department, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bartosz Fornal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161 USA
| | - Ryusuke Jinno
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 13- 15, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A2T8 Canada
| | - Noam Levi
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Kun-Feng Lyu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Mario Martinez
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and ICREA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew L. Miller
- Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Diego Redigolo
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Scarlata
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Alexander Sevrin
- Theoretische Natuurkunde and IIHE/ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barmak Shams Es Haghi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Jing Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Insitute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 People’s Republic of China
- International Center for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, Beijing, Hanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xavier Siemens
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Danièle A. Steer
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Carlos Tamarit
- Physik-Department T70, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David J. Weir
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ke-Pan Xie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Feng-Wei Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Siyi Zhou
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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2
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Bari P, Ricciardone A, Bartolo N, Bertacca D, Matarrese S. Signatures of Primordial Gravitational Waves on the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:091301. [PMID: 36083643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study the generation and evolution of second-order energy-density perturbations arising from primordial gravitational waves. Such "tensor-induced scalar modes" approximately evolve as standard linear matter perturbations and may leave observable signatures in the large-scale structure of the Universe. We study the imprint on the matter power spectrum of some primordial models which predict a large gravitational-wave signal at high frequencies. This novel mechanism, in principle, allows us to constrain or detect primordial gravitational waves by looking at specific features in the matter or galaxy power spectrum, thereby allowing us to probe them on a range of scales unexplored so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Bari
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Ricciardone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Bartolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Bertacca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Sabino Matarrese
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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3
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Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects. GALAXIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/galaxies10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny fraction of all GW signals that reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit and are undetected. Similarly to voices in a crowded room, the collection of unresolved signals gives rise to a background that is well-described via stochastic variables and, hence, referred to as the stochastic GW background (SGWB). In this review, we provide an overview of stochastic GW signals and characterise them based on features of interest such as generation processes and observational properties. We then review the current detection strategies for stochastic backgrounds, offering a ready-to-use manual for stochastic GW searches in real data. In the process, we distinguish between interferometric measurements of GWs, either by ground-based or space-based laser interferometers, and timing-residuals analyses with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). These detection methods have been applied to real data both by large GW collaborations and smaller research groups, and the most recent and instructive results are reported here. We close this review with an outlook on future observations with third generation detectors, space-based interferometers, and potential noninterferometric detection methods proposed in the literature.
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4
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Wu YP, Pinetti E, Silk J. Cosmic Coincidences of Primordial-Black-Hole Dark Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:031102. [PMID: 35119885 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
If primordial black holes (PBHs) contribute more than 10% of the dark matter (DM) density, their energy density today is of the same order as that of the baryons. Such a cosmic coincidence might hint at a mutual origin for the formation scenario of PBHs and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Baryogenesis can be triggered by a sharp transition of the rolling rate of inflaton from slow-roll to (nearly) ultraslow-roll phases that produce large curvature perturbations for PBH formation in single-field inflationary models. We show that the baryogenesis requirement drives the PBH contribution to DM, along with the inferred PBH mass range, the resulting stochastic gravitational wave background frequency window, and the associated cosmic microwave background tensor-to-scalar ratio amplitude, into potentially observable regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Wu
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), UMR 7589 CNRS and Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Elena Pinetti
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), UMR 7589 CNRS and Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Torino and INFN, Sezione di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Theoretical Astrophysics Department, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, 60510, USA
| | - Joseph Silk
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095 CNRS and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Beecroft Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
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5
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Liang ZC, Hu YM, Jiang Y, Cheng J, Zhang JD, Mei J. Science with the TianQin Observatory: Preliminary results on stochastic gravitational-wave background. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Dark Information in Black Hole with λφ Fluid. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the nonthermal spectrum of Hawking radiation will lead to information-carrying correlations between emitted particles in the radiation. The mutual information carried by such correlations can not be locally observed and hence is dark. With dark information, the black hole information is conserved. In this paper, we look for the spherically symmetric black hole solution in a λφ fluid model and investigate the radiation spectrum and dark information of the black hole. The spacetime structure of this black hole is similar to that of the Schwarzschild one, while its horizon radius is decreased by the λφ fluid. By using the statistical mechanical method, the nonthermal radiation spectrum is calculated. This radiation spectrum is very different from the Schwarzschild case at its last stage because of the effect of the λφ fluid. The λφ fluid reduces the lifetime of the black hole, but increases the dark information of the Hawking radiation.
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7
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Ricciardone A, Dall'Armi LV, Bartolo N, Bertacca D, Liguori M, Matarrese S. Cross-Correlating Astrophysical and Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds with the Cosmic Microwave Background. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:271301. [PMID: 35061444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.271301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
General relativity provides us with an extremely powerful tool to extract at the same time astrophysical and cosmological information from the stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs): the cross-correlation with other cosmological tracers, since their anisotropies share a common origin and the same perturbed geodesics. In this Letter we explore the cross-correlation of the cosmological and astrophysical SGWBs with cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, showing that future GW detectors, such as LISA or BBO, have the ability to measure such cross-correlation signals. We also present, as a new tool in this context, constrained realization maps of the SGWBs extracted from the high-resolution CMB Planck maps. This technique allows, in the low-noise regime, to faithfully reconstruct the expected SGWB map by starting from CMB measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ricciardone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Valbusa Dall'Armi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - N Bartolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Bertacca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Liguori
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Matarrese
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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8
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Carr B, Kohri K, Sendouda Y, Yokoyama J. Constraints on primordial black holes. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:116902. [PMID: 34874316 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac1e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We update the constraints on the fraction of the Universe that may have gone into primordial black holes (PBHs) over the mass range 10-5to 1050 g. Those smaller than ∼1015 g would have evaporated by now due to Hawking radiation, so their abundance at formation is constrained by the effects of evaporated particles on big bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the Galactic and extragalacticγ-ray and cosmic ray backgrounds and the possible generation of stable Planck mass relics. PBHs larger than ∼1015 g are subject to a variety of constraints associated with gravitational lensing, dynamical effects, influence on large-scale structure, accretion and gravitational waves. We discuss the constraints on both the initial collapse fraction and the current fraction of the dark matter (DM) in PBHs at each mass scale but stress that many of the constraints are associated with observational or theoretical uncertainties. We also consider indirect constraints associated with the amplitude of the primordial density fluctuations, such as second-order tensor perturbations andμ-distortions arising from the effect of acoustic reheating on the CMB, if PBHs are created from the high-σpeaks of nearly Gaussian fluctuations. Finally we discuss how the constraints are modified if the PBHs have an extended mass function, this being relevant if PBHs provide some combination of the DM, the LIGO/Virgo coalescences and the seeds for cosmic structure. Even if PBHs make a small contribution to the DM, they could play an important cosmological role and provide a unique probe of the early Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Carr
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kohri
- Theory Center, IPNS, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
| | - Yuuiti Sendouda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Yokoyama
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Trans-Scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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9
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Abstract
We provide a review on the state-of-the-art of gravitational waves induced by primordial fluctuations, so-called induced gravitational waves. We present the intuitive physics behind induced gravitational waves and we revisit and unify the general analytical formulation. We then present general formulas in a compact form, ready to be applied. This review places emphasis on the open possibility that the primordial universe experienced a different expansion history than the often assumed radiation dominated cosmology. We hope that anyone interested in the topic will become aware of current advances in the cosmology of induced gravitational waves, as well as becoming familiar with the calculations behind.
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10
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Yuan C, Huang QG. A topic review on probing primordial black hole dark matter with scalar induced gravitational waves. iScience 2021; 24:102860. [PMID: 34401659 PMCID: PMC8358648 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial black holes (PBHs) might form from the collapse of over-densed regions generated by large scalar curvature perturbations in the radiation dominated era. Despite decades of various independent observations, the nature of dark matter (DM) remains highly puzzling. Recently, PBH DM have aroused interest since they provide an attracting explanation to the merger events of binary black holes discovered by LIGO/VIRGO and may play an important role on DM. During the formation of PBH, gravitational waves will be sourced by linear scalar perturbations at second-order, known as the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), which provides a new way to hunt for PBH DM. This topic review mainly focuses on the physics about SIGWs accompanying the formation of PBH DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Guo Huang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
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11
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Multi-Field versus Single-Field in the Supergravity Models of Inflation and Primordial Black Holes. UNIVERSE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/universe7050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We review the models unifying inflation and Primordial Black Hole (PBH) formation, which are based on the modified (Starobinsky-type) supergravity. We begin with the basic (Starobinsky) inflationary model of modified gravity and its alpha-attractor-type generalizations for PBH production, and recall how all those single-field models can be embedded into the minimal supergravity. Then, we focus on the effective two-field models arising from the modified (Starobinsky-type) supergravity and compare them to the single-field models under review. Those two-field models describe double inflation whose first stage is driven by Starobinsky’s scalaron and whose second stage is driven by another scalar belonging to the supergravity multiplet. The power spectra are numerically computed, and it is found that the ultra-slow-roll regime gives rise to the enhancement (peak) in the scalar power spectrum leading to an efficient PBH formation. The resulting PBH masses and their density fraction (as part of dark matter) are found to be in agreement with cosmological observations. The PBH-induced gravitational waves, if any, are shown to be detectable by the ground-based and space-based gravitational interferometers under construction.
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12
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Inomata K, Kawasaki M, Mukaida K, Yanagida TT. NANOGrav Results and LIGO-Virgo Primordial Black Holes in Axionlike Curvaton Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:131301. [PMID: 33861092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.131301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We discuss a possible connection between the recent NANOGrav results and the primordial black holes (PBHs) for the LIGO-Virgo events. In particular, we focus on the axionlike curvaton model, which provides a sizable amount of PBHs and gravitational waves (GWs) induced by scalar perturbations around the NANOGrav frequency range. The inevitable non-Gaussianity of this model suppresses the induced GWs associated with PBHs for the LIGO-Virgo events to be compatible with the NANOGrav results. We show that the axionlike curvaton model can account for PBHs for the LIGO-Virgo events and the NANOGrav results simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Inomata
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Masahiro Kawasaki
- ICRR, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan
| | - Kyohei Mukaida
- CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tsutomu T Yanagida
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan
- T. D. Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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De Luca V, Franciolini G, Riotto A. NANOGrav Data Hints at Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:041303. [PMID: 33576658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The NANOGrav Collaboration has recently published strong evidence for a stochastic common-spectrum process that may be interpreted as a stochastic gravitational wave background. We show that such a signal can be explained by second-order gravitational waves produced during the formation of primordial black holes from the collapse of sizeable scalar perturbations generated during inflation. This possibility has two predictions: (i) the primordial black holes may comprise the totality of the dark matter with the dominant contribution to their mass function falling in the range (10^{-15}÷10^{-11})M_{⊙} and (ii) the gravitational wave stochastic background will be seen as well by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V De Luca
- Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics (CAP), Université de Genève, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Franciolini
- Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics (CAP), Université de Genève, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Riotto
- Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics (CAP), Université de Genève, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
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14
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Dimastrogiovanni E, Fasiello M, Tasinato G. Searching for Fossil Fields in the Gravity Sector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:061302. [PMID: 32109091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.061302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for the presence of extra fields during inflation may be found in the anisotropies of the scalar and tensor spectra across a vast range of scales. Indeed, beyond the single-field slow-roll paradigm, a long tensor mode modulating the power spectrum can induce a sizable quadrupolar anisotropy. We investigate how these dynamics play out for the tensor two-point correlator. The resulting quadrupole stores information on squeezed tensor non-Gaussianities, including those sourced by extra field content and responsible for the breaking of so-called consistency relations. We underscore the potential of anisotropies as a probe of new physics: testable at cosmic microwave background scales through the detection of B modes, they are accessible at smaller scales via pulsar timing arrays and interferometers. Our findings are particularly relevant in that recent studies show a considerable suppression for tensor non-Gaussianities if all modes are well inside the horizon. Quadrupolar anisotropies instead probe an unsuppressed ultrasqueezed bispectrum where the long mode can be horizon size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Fasiello
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
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