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Bloch IM, Shaham R, Hochberg Y, Kuflik E, Volansky T, Katz O. Constraints on axion-like dark matter from a SERF comagnetometer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5784. [PMID: 37723175 PMCID: PMC10507093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultralight axion-like particles are well-motivated relics that might compose the cosmological dark matter and source anomalous time-dependent magnetic fields. We report on terrestrial bounds from the Noble And Alkali Spin Detectors for Ultralight Coherent darK matter (NASDUCK) collaboration on the coupling of axion-like particles to neutrons and protons. The detector uses nuclei of noble-gas and alkali-metal atoms and operates in the Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free (SERF) regime, achieving high sensitivity to axion-like dark matter fields. Conducting a month-long search, we cover the mass range of 1.4 × 10-12 eV/c2 to 2 × 10-10 eV/c2 and provide limits which supersede robust astrophysical bounds, and improve upon previous terrestrial constraints by over two orders of magnitude for many masses within this range for protons, and up to two orders of magnitude for neutrons. These are the sole reliable terrestrial bounds reported on the coupling of protons with axion-like dark matter, covering an unexplored terrain in its parameter space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay M Bloch
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Theory Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Roy Shaham
- Rafael Ltd., 31021, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yonit Hochberg
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Eric Kuflik
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Tomer Volansky
- Department of Physics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Or Katz
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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2
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Dror JA, Gori S, Leedom JM, Rodd NL. Sensitivity of Spin-Precession Axion Experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:181801. [PMID: 37204913 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We study the signal and background that arise in nuclear magnetic resonance searches for axion dark matter, finding key differences with the existing literature. We find that spin-precession instruments are much more sensitive than what has been previously estimated in a sizable range of axion masses, with sensitivity improvement of up to a factor of 100 using a ^{129}Xe sample. This improves the detection prospects for the QCD axion, and we estimate the experimental requirements to reach this motivated target. Our results apply to both the axion electric and magnetic dipole moment operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff A Dror
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Stefania Gori
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Jacob M Leedom
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas L Rodd
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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3
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Brandenstein C, Stelzl S, Gutsmiedl E, Schott W, Weiler A, Fierlinger P. Towards an electrostatic storage ring for fundamental physics measurements. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202328201017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a new table-top electrostatic storage ring concept for 30 keV polarized ions with fixed spin orientation. The device will ultimately be capable of measuring magnetic fields with a resolution of 10−20 T with sub-mHz bandwidth. With the possibility to store different kinds of ions or ionic molecules and access to prepare and probe states of the systems using lasers and SQUIDs, it can be used to search for electric dipole moments (EDMs) of electrons and nucleons, as well as axion-like particle dark matter and dark photon dark matter. Its sensitivity potential stems from several hours of storage time, comparably long spin coherence times, and the possibility to trap up to 109 particles in bunches with possibly different state preparations for differential measurements. As a dark matter experiment, it is most sensitive in the mass range of 10−10 to 10−19 eV, where it can potentially probe couplings orders of magnitude below current and proposed laboratory experiments.
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4
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Bloch IM, Ronen G, Shaham R, Katz O, Volansky T, Katz O. New constraints on axion-like dark matter using a Floquet quantum detector. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl8919. [PMID: 35119933 PMCID: PMC8816340 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl8919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dark matter is one of the greatest mysteries in physics. It interacts via gravity and composes most of our universe, but its elementary composition is unknown. We search for nongravitational interactions of axion-like dark matter with atomic spins using a precision quantum detector. The detector is composed of spin-polarized xenon gas that can coherently interact with a background dark matter field as it traverses through the galactic dark matter halo. Conducting a 5-month-long search, we report on the first results of the Noble and Alkali Spin Detectors for Ultralight Coherent darK matter (NASDUCK) collaboration. We limit ALP-neutron interactions in the mass range of 4 × 10-15 to 4 × 10-12 eV/c2 and improve upon previous terrestrial bounds by up to 1000-fold for masses above 4 × 10-13 eV/c2. We also set bounds on pseudoscalar dark matter models with quadratic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay M. Bloch
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- Rafael Ltd., IL-31021 Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Ronen
- Rafael Ltd., IL-31021 Haifa, Israel
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roy Shaham
- Rafael Ltd., IL-31021 Haifa, Israel
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Katz
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Volansky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Or Katz
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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5
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Centers GP, Blanchard JW, Conrad J, Figueroa NL, Garcon A, Gramolin AV, Kimball DFJ, Lawson M, Pelssers B, Smiga JA, Sushkov AO, Wickenbrock A, Budker D, Derevianko A. Stochastic fluctuations of bosonic dark matter. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7321. [PMID: 34916510 PMCID: PMC8677790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous theories extending beyond the standard model of particle physics predict the existence of bosons that could constitute dark matter. In the standard halo model of galactic dark matter, the velocity distribution of the bosonic dark matter field defines a characteristic coherence time τc. Until recently, laboratory experiments searching for bosonic dark matter fields have been in the regime where the measurement time T significantly exceeds τc, so null results have been interpreted by assuming a bosonic field amplitude Φ0 fixed by the average local dark matter density. Here we show that experiments operating in the T ≪ τc regime do not sample the full distribution of bosonic dark matter field amplitudes and therefore it is incorrect to assume a fixed value of Φ0 when inferring constraints. Instead, in order to interpret laboratory measurements (even in the event of a discovery), it is necessary to account for the stochastic nature of such a virialized ultralight field. The constraints inferred from several previous null experiments searching for ultralight bosonic dark matter were overestimated by factors ranging from 3 to 10 depending on experimental details, model assumptions, and choice of inference framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Centers
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | | | - Jan Conrad
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nataniel L Figueroa
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthew Lawson
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bart Pelssers
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph A Smiga
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | | | - Arne Wickenbrock
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute, Mainz, 55099, Germany.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA.
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Ross MP, Venkateswara K, Hagedorn CA, Leupold CJ, Forsyth PWF, Wegner JD, Shaw EA, Lee JG, Gundlach JH. A low-frequency torsion pendulum with interferometric readout. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:054502. [PMID: 34243344 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a torsion pendulum with a large mass-quadrupole moment and a resonant frequency of 2.8 mHz, whose angle is measured using a Michelson interferometer. The system achieved noise levels of ∼200prad/Hz between 0.2 and 30 Hz and ∼10prad/Hz above 100 Hz. Such a system can be applied to a broad range of fields from the study of rotational seismic motion and elastogravity signals to gravitational wave observation and tests of gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ross
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K Venkateswara
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C A Hagedorn
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C J Leupold
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
| | - P W F Forsyth
- OzGrav-ANU, Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics, College of Science, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - J D Wegner
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E A Shaw
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J G Lee
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J H Gundlach
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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7
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Aybas D, Adam J, Blumenthal E, Gramolin AV, Johnson D, Kleyheeg A, Afach S, Blanchard JW, Centers GP, Garcon A, Engler M, Figueroa NL, Sendra MG, Wickenbrock A, Lawson M, Wang T, Wu T, Luo H, Mani H, Mauskopf P, Graham PW, Rajendran S, Kimball DFJ, Budker D, Sushkov AO. Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:141802. [PMID: 33891466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of an experimental search for ultralight axionlike dark matter in the mass range 162-166 neV. The detection scheme of our Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment is based on a precision measurement of ^{207}Pb solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in a polarized ferroelectric crystal. Axionlike dark matter can exert an oscillating torque on ^{207}Pb nuclear spins via the electric dipole moment coupling g_{d} or via the gradient coupling g_{aNN}. We calibrate the detector and characterize the excitation spectrum and relaxation parameters of the nuclear spin ensemble with pulsed magnetic resonance measurements in a 4.4 T magnetic field. We sweep the magnetic field near this value and search for axionlike dark matter with Compton frequency within a 1 MHz band centered at 39.65 MHz. Our measurements place the upper bounds |g_{d}|<9.5×10^{-4} GeV^{-2} and |g_{aNN}|<2.8×10^{-1} GeV^{-1} (95% confidence level) in this frequency range. The constraint on g_{d} corresponds to an upper bound of 1.0×10^{-21} e cm on the amplitude of oscillations of the neutron electric dipole moment and 4.3×10^{-6} on the amplitude of oscillations of CP-violating θ parameter of quantum chromodynamics. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance to search for axionlike dark matter in the neV mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Aybas
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Janos Adam
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Emmy Blumenthal
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | - Dorian Johnson
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Annalies Kleyheeg
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Samer Afach
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gary P Centers
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Engler
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataniel L Figueroa
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marina Gil Sendra
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne Wickenbrock
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew Lawson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Teng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronics, and Center for Quantum Information Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haosu Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hamdi Mani
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Philip Mauskopf
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Peter W Graham
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Surjeet Rajendran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Derek F Jackson Kimball
- Department of Physics, California State University-East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Alexander O Sushkov
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Kennedy CJ, Oelker E, Robinson JM, Bothwell T, Kedar D, Milner WR, Marti GE, Derevianko A, Ye J. Precision Metrology Meets Cosmology: Improved Constraints on Ultralight Dark Matter from Atom-Cavity Frequency Comparisons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:201302. [PMID: 33258619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We conduct frequency comparisons between a state-of-the-art strontium optical lattice clock, a cryogenic crystalline silicon cavity, and a hydrogen maser to set new bounds on the coupling of ultralight dark matter to standard model particles and fields in the mass range of 10^{-16}-10^{-21} eV. The key advantage of this two-part ratio comparison is the differential sensitivity to time variation of both the fine-structure constant and the electron mass, achieving a substantially improved limit on the moduli of ultralight dark matter, particularly at higher masses than typical atomic spectroscopic results. Furthermore, we demonstrate an extension of the search range to even higher masses by use of dynamical decoupling techniques. These results highlight the importance of using the best-performing atomic clocks for fundamental physics applications, as all-optical timescales are increasingly integrated with, and will eventually supplant, existing microwave timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Kennedy
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Eric Oelker
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - John M Robinson
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tobias Bothwell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Dhruv Kedar
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - William R Milner
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - G Edward Marti
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrei Derevianko
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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9
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Adelberger EG, Terrano WA. Comment on "Search for Axionlike Dark Matter with a Liquid-State Nuclear Spin Comagnetometer". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:169001. [PMID: 31702377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.169001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E G Adelberger
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Box 354290, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-4290, USA
| | - W A Terrano
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08550, USA
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10
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