1
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Zhu J, Mao YL, Chen H, Yang KX, Li L, Yang B, Li ZD, Fan J. Observation of Non-Hermitian Edge Burst Effect in One-Dimensional Photonic Quantum Walk. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:203801. [PMID: 38829094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.203801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Non-Hermitian systems can exhibit unique quantum phases without any Hermitian counterparts. For example, the latest theoretical studies predict a new surprising phenomenon that bulk bands can localize and dissipate prominently at the system boundary, which is dubbed the non-Hermitian edge burst effect. Here we realize a one-dimensional non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice with bulk translation symmetry implemented with a photonic quantum walk. Employing time-resolved single-photon detection to characterize the chiral motion and boundary localization of bulk bands, we determine experimentally that the dynamics underlying the non-Hermitian edge burst effect is due to the interplay of non-Hermitian skin effect and imaginary band gap closing. This new non-Hermitian physical effect deepens our understanding of quantum dynamics in open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Zhu
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ya-Li Mao
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kui-Xing Yang
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Linhu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing and School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Da Li
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingyun Fan
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Lin Q, Yi W, Xue P. Manipulating directional flow in a two-dimensional photonic quantum walk under a synthetic magnetic field. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6283. [PMID: 37805651 PMCID: PMC10560269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Matter transport is a fundamental process in nature. Understanding and manipulating flow in a synthetic media often have rich implications for modern device design. Here we experimentally demonstrate directional transport of photons in a two-dimensional quantum walk, where the light propagation is highly tunable through dissipation and synthetic magnetic flux. The directional flow hereof underlies the emergence of the non-Hermitian skin effect, with its orientation continuously adjustable through the photon-loss parameters. By contrast, the synthetic magnetic flux originates from an engineered geometric phase, which, by inducing localized cyclotron orbits, suppresses the bulk flow through magnetic confinement. We further demonstrate how the directional flow and synthetic flux impact the dynamics of the Floquet topological edge modes along an engineered boundary. Our results exemplify an intriguing strategy for engineering directed light transport, highlighting the interplay of non-Hermiticity and gauge fields in synthetic systems of higher dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, 230026, Hefei, China.
| | - Peng Xue
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, 100084, Beijing, China.
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3
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Chen C, Liu RZ, Wu J, Su ZE, Ding X, Qin J, Wang L, Zhang WW, He Y, Wang XL, Lu CY, Li L, Sanders BC, Liu XJ, Pan JW. Berry Curvature and Bulk-Boundary Correspondence from Transport Measurement for Photonic Chern Bands. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:133601. [PMID: 37831993 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Berry curvature is a fundamental element to characterize topological quantum physics, while a full measurement of Berry curvature in momentum space was not reported for topological states. Here we achieve two-dimensional Berry curvature reconstruction in a photonic quantum anomalous Hall system via Hall transport measurement of a momentum-resolved wave packet. Integrating measured Berry curvature over the two-dimensional Brillouin zone, we obtain Chern numbers corresponding to -1 and 0. Further, we identify bulk-boundary correspondence by measuring topology-linked chiral edge states at the boundary. The full topological characterization of photonic Chern bands from Berry curvature, Chern number, and edge transport measurements enables our photonic system to serve as a versatile platform for further in-depth study of novel topological physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Run-Ze Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jizhou Wu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zu-En Su
- The Physics Department and the Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Xing Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yu He
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Barry C Sanders
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Xiong-Jun Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
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4
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Cheng D, Lustig E, Wang K, Fan S. Multi-dimensional band structure spectroscopy in the synthetic frequency dimension. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:158. [PMID: 37369684 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The concept of synthetic dimensions in photonics provides a versatile platform in exploring multi-dimensional physics. Many of these physics are characterized by band structures in more than one dimensions. Existing efforts on band structure measurements in the photonic synthetic frequency dimension however are limited to either one-dimensional Brillouin zones or one-dimensional subsets of multi-dimensional Brillouin zones. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to fully measure multi-dimensional band structures in the synthetic frequency dimension. We use a single photonic resonator under dynamical modulation to create a multi-dimensional synthetic frequency lattice. We show that the band structure of such a lattice over the entire multi-dimensional Brillouin zone can be measured by introducing a gauge potential into the lattice Hamiltonian. Using this method, we perform experimental measurements of two-dimensional band structures of a Hermitian and a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. The measurements reveal some of the general properties of point-gap topology of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian in more than one dimensions. Our results demonstrate experimental capabilities to fully characterize high-dimensional physical phenomena in the photonic synthetic frequency dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Cheng
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eran Lustig
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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5
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Cheng D, Wang K, Fan S. Artificial Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Fields for Photons in the Synthetic Frequency Dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:083601. [PMID: 36898123 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.083601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-Abelian gauge fields give rise to nontrivial topological physics. Here we develop a scheme to create an arbitrary SU(2) lattice gauge field for photons in the synthetic frequency dimension using an array of dynamically modulated ring resonators. The photon polarization is taken as the spin basis to implement the matrix-valued gauge fields. Using a non-Abelian generalization of the Harper-Hofstadter Hamiltonian as a specific example, we show that the measurement of the steady-state photon amplitudes inside the resonators can reveal the band structures of the Hamiltonian, which show signatures of the underlying non-Abelian gauge field. These results provide opportunities to explore novel topological phenomena associated with non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Cheng
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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6
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Adiyatullin AF, Upreti LK, Lechevalier C, Evain C, Copie F, Suret P, Randoux S, Delplace P, Amo A. Topological Properties of Floquet Winding Bands in a Photonic Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:056901. [PMID: 36800474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.056901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of synthetic materials characterized by more than one class of topological invariants is one of the current challenges of solid-state based and synthetic materials. Using a synthetic photonic lattice implemented in a two-coupled ring system we engineer an anomalous Floquet metal that is gapless in the bulk and shows simultaneously two different topological properties. On the one hand, this synthetic lattice presents bands characterized by a winding number. The winding emerges from the breakup of inversion symmetry, and it directly relates to the appearance of Bloch suboscillations within its bulk. On the other hand, the Floquet nature of the lattice results in well-known anomalous insulating phases with topological edge states. The combination of broken inversion symmetry and periodic time modulation studied here enriches the variety of topological phases available in lattices subject to Floquet driving and suggests the possible emergence of novel phases when periodic modulation is combined with the breakup of spatial symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert F Adiyatullin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lavi K Upreti
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Corentin Lechevalier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Clement Evain
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Francois Copie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Suret
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stephane Randoux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Delplace
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de physique (UMR CNRS 5672), F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Alberto Amo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
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7
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Abstract
Mirrors are ubiquitous in optics and are used to control the propagation of optical signals in space. Here we propose and demonstrate frequency domain mirrors that provide reflections of the optical energy in a frequency synthetic dimension, using electro-optic modulation. First, we theoretically explore the concept of frequency mirrors with the investigation of propagation loss, and reflectivity in the frequency domain. Next, we explore the mirror formed through polarization mode-splitting in a thin-film lithium niobate micro-resonator. By exciting the Bloch waves of the synthetic frequency crystal with different wave vectors, we show various states formed by the interference between forward propagating and reflected waves. Finally, we expand on this idea, and generate tunable frequency mirrors as well as demonstrate trapped states formed by these mirrors using coupled lithium niobate micro-resonators. The ability to control the flow of light in the frequency domain could enable a wide range of applications, including the study of random walks, boson sampling, frequency comb sources, optical computation, and topological photonics. Furthermore, demonstration of optical elements such as cavities, lasers, and photonic crystals in the frequency domain, may be possible.
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8
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Wu X, Wang L, Li G, Cheng D, Yu D, Zheng Y, Yakovlev VV, Yuan L, Chen X. Technologically feasible quasi-edge states and topological Bloch oscillation in the synthetic space. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:24924-24935. [PMID: 36237035 PMCID: PMC9363031 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The dimensionality of a physical system is one of the major parameters defining its physical properties. The recently introduced concept of synthetic dimension has made it possible to arbitrarily manipulate the system of interest and harness light propagation in different ways. It also facilitates the transformative architecture of system-on-a-chip devices enabling far reaching applications such as optical isolation. In this report, a novel architecture based on dynamically-modulated waveguide arrays with the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger configuration in the spatial dimension is proposed and investigated with an eye on a practical implementation. The propagation of light through the one-dimensional waveguide arrays mimics time evolution of the field in a synthetic two-dimensional lattice. The addition of the effective gauge potential leads to an exotic topologically protected one-way transmission along adjacent boundary. A cosine-shape isolated band, which supports the topological Bloch oscillation in the frequency dimension under the effective constant force, appears and is localized at the spatial boundary being robust against small perturbations. This work paves the way to improved light transmission capabilities under topological protections in both spatial and spectral regimes and provides a novel platform based on a technologically feasible lithium niobate platform for optical computing and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Luojia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guangzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dali Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Danying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Luqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan 250101, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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9
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Abstract
Synthetic dimensions have garnered widespread interest for implementing high dimensional classical and quantum dynamics on low-dimensional geometries. Synthetic frequency dimensions, in particular, have been used to experimentally realize a plethora of bulk physics effects. However, in synthetic frequency dimension there has not been a demonstration of a boundary which is of paramount importance in topological physics due to the bulk-edge correspondence. Here we construct boundaries in the frequency dimension of dynamically modulated ring resonators by strongly coupling an auxiliary ring. We explore various effects associated with such boundaries, including confinement of the spectrum of light, discretization of the band structure, and the interaction of boundaries with one-way chiral modes in a quantum Hall ladder, which exhibits topologically robust spectral transport. Our demonstration of sharp boundaries fundamentally expands the capability of exploring topological physics, and has applications in classical and quantum information processing in synthetic frequency dimensions.
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10
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Abstract
We study the transport properties on honeycomb networks motivated by graphene structures by using the continuous-time quantum walk (CTQW) model. For various relevant topologies we consider the average return probability and its long-time average as measures for the transport efficiency. These quantities are fully determined by the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the connectivity matrix of the network. For all networks derived from graphene structures we notice a nontrivial interplay between good spreading and localization effects. Flat graphene with similar number of hexagons along both directions shows a decrease in transport efficiency compared to more one-dimensional structures. This loss can be overcome by increasing the number of layers, thus creating a graphite network, but it gets less efficient when rolling up the sheets so that a nanotube structure is considered. We found peculiar results for honeycomb networks constructed from square graphene, i.e. the same number of hexagons along both directions of the graphene sheet. For these kind of networks we encounter significant differences between networks with an even or odd number of hexagons along one of the axes.
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11
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Balčytis A, Ozawa T, Ota Y, Iwamoto S, Maeda J, Baba T. Synthetic dimension band structures on a Si CMOS photonic platform. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0468. [PMID: 35089790 PMCID: PMC8797776 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic dimensions, which simulate spatial coordinates using nonspatial degrees of freedom, are drawing interest in topological science and other fields for modeling higher-dimensional phenomena on simple structures. We present the first realization of a synthetic frequency dimension on a silicon ring resonator integrated photonic device fabricated using a CMOS process. We confirm that its coupled modes correspond to a one-dimensional tight-binding model through acquisition of up to 280-GHz bandwidth optical frequency comb-like spectra and by measuring synthetic band structures. Furthermore, we realized two types of gauge potentials along the frequency dimension and probed their effects through the associated band structures. An electric field analog was produced via modulation detuning, whereas effective magnetic fields were induced using synchronized nearest- and second nearest-neighbor couplings. Creation of coupled mode lattices and two effective forces on a monolithic Si CMOS device represents a key step toward wider adoption of topological principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armandas Balčytis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author:
| | - Tomoki Ozawa
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Ota
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwamoto
- Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Jun Maeda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Baba
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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12
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Giri MK, Mondal S, Das BP, Mishra T. Two component quantum walk in one-dimensional lattice with hopping imbalance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22056. [PMID: 34764349 PMCID: PMC8585883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the two-component quantum walk in one-dimensional lattice. We show that the inter-component interaction strength together with the hopping imbalance between the components exhibit distinct features in the quantum walk for different initial states. When the walkers are initially on the same site, both the slow and fast particles perform independent particle quantum walks when the interaction between them is weak. However, stronger inter-particle interactions result in quantum walks by the repulsively bound pair formed between the two particles. For different initial states when the walkers are on different sites initially, the quantum walk performed by the slow particle is almost independent of that of the fast particle, which exhibits reflected and transmitted components across the particle with large hopping strength for weak interactions. Beyond a critical value of the interaction strength, the wave function of the fast particle ceases to penetrate through the slow particle signalling a spatial phase separation. However, when the two particles are initially at the two opposite edges of the lattice, then the interaction facilitates the complete reflection of both of them from each other. We analyze the above mentioned features by examining various physical quantities such as the on-site density evolution, two-particle correlation functions and transmission coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Kanti Giri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Suman Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Bhanu Pratap Das
- Centre for Quantum Engineering Research and Education, TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 70091, India. .,Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-1-2-1-H86 Ookayama Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Tapan Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India. .,Centre for Quantum Engineering Research and Education, TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 70091, India.
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13
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Wimmer M, Monika M, Carusotto I, Peschel U, Price HM. Superfluidity of Light and Its Breakdown in Optical Mesh Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:163901. [PMID: 34723580 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.163901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic phenomena can be observed with light thanks to the analogy between quantum gases and nonlinear optics. In this Letter, we report an experimental study of the superfluid-like properties of light in a (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear optical mesh lattice, where the arrival time of optical pulses plays the role of a synthetic spatial dimension. A spatially narrow defect at rest is used to excite sound waves in the fluid of light and measure the sound speed. The critical velocity for superfluidity is probed by looking at the threshold in the deposited energy by a moving defect, above which the apparent superfluid behavior breaks down. Our observations establish optical mesh lattices as a promising platform to study fluids of light in novel regimes of interdisciplinary interest, including non-Hermitian and/or topological physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wimmer
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Monika Monika
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Iacopo Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Povo I-38123, Italy
| | - Ulf Peschel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Hannah M Price
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Park Road, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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14
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Zhang R, Lv C, Yan Y, Zhou Q. Efimov-like states and quantum funneling effects on synthetic hyperbolic surfaces. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1967-1972. [PMID: 36654166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Engineering lattice models with tailored inter-site tunnelings and onsite energies could synthesize essentially arbitrary Riemannian surfaces with highly tunable local curvatures. Here, we point out that discrete synthetic Poincaré half-planes and Poincaré disks, which are created by lattices in flat planes, support infinitely degenerate eigenstates for any nonzero eigenenergies. Such Efimov-like states exhibit a discrete scaling symmetry and imply an unprecedented apparatus for studying quantum anomaly using hyperbolic surfaces. Furthermore, all eigenstates are exponentially localized in the hyperbolic coordinates, signifying the first example of quantum funneling effects in Hermitian systems. As such, any initial wave packet travels towards the edge of the Poincaré half-plane or its equivalent on the Poincaré disk, delivering an efficient scheme to harvest light and atoms in two dimensions. Our findings unfold the intriguing properties of hyperbolic spaces and suggest that Efimov states may be regarded as a projection from a curved space with an extra dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
| | - Chenwei Lv
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
| | - Yangqian Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA; Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA.
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Dutt A, Minkov M, Lin Q, Yuan L, Miller DAB, Fan S. Experimental band structure spectroscopy along a synthetic dimension. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3122. [PMID: 31311928 PMCID: PMC6635488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been significant recent interest in synthetic dimensions, where internal degrees of freedom of a particle are coupled to form higher-dimensional lattices in lower-dimensional physical structures. For these systems, the concept of band structure along the synthetic dimension plays a central role in their theoretical description. Here we provide a direct experimental measurement of the band structure along the synthetic dimension. By dynamically modulating a resonator at frequencies commensurate with its mode spacing, we create a periodically driven lattice of coupled modes in the frequency dimension. The strength and range of couplings can be dynamically reconfigured by changing the modulation amplitude and frequency. We show theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that time-resolved transmission measurements of this system provide a direct readout of its band structure. We also realize long-range coupling, gauge potentials and nonreciprocal bands by simply incorporating additional frequency drives, enabling great flexibility in band structure engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Dutt
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Momchil Minkov
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Luqi Yuan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - David A B Miller
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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