1
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Rahinov I, Kandratsenka A, Schäfer T, Shirhatti P, Golibrzuch K, Wodtke AM. Vibrational energy transfer in collisions of molecules with metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15090-15114. [PMID: 38757203 PMCID: PMC11135613 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00957f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA), which serves as the basis for our understanding of chemical bonding, reactivity and dynamics, is routinely violated for vibrationally inelastic scattering of molecules at metal surfaces. The title-field therefore represents a fascinating challenge to our conventional wisdom calling for new concepts that involve explicit electron dynamics occurring in concert with nuclear motion. Here, we review progress made in this field over the last decade, which has witnessed dramatic advances in experimental methods, thereby providing a much more extensive set of diverse observations than has ever before been available. We first review the experimental methods used in this field and then provide a systematic tour of the vast array of observations that are currently available. We show how these observations - taken together and without reference to computational simulations - lead us to a simple and intuitive picture of BOA failure in molecular dynamics at metal surfaces, one where electron transfer between the molecule and the metal plays a preeminent role. We also review recent progress made in the theory of electron transfer mediated BOA failure in molecule-surface interactions, describing the most important methods and their ability to reproduce experimental observation. Finally, we outline future directions for research and important unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rahinov
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 4353701 Raanana, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pranav Shirhatti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Kai Golibrzuch
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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2
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Zhang Q, Li W, Zhao R, Tang P, Zhao J, Wu G, Chen X, Hu M, Yuan K, Li J, Yang X. Real-time observation of two distinctive non-thermalized hot electron dynamics at MXene/molecule interfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4406. [PMID: 38782991 PMCID: PMC11116487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The photoinduced non-thermalized hot electrons at an interface play a pivotal role in determining plasmonic driven chemical events. However, understanding non-thermalized electron dynamics, which precedes electron thermalization (~125 fs), remains a grand challenge. Herein, we simultaneously captured the dynamics of both molecules and non-thermalized electrons in the MXene/molecule complexes by femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. The real-time observation allows for distinguishing non-thermalized and thermalized electron responses. Differing from the thermalized electron/heat transfer, our results reveal two non-thermalized electron dynamical pathways: (i) the non-thermalized electrons directly transfer to attached molecules at an interface within 50 fs; (ii) the non-thermalized electrons scatter at the interface within 125 fs, inducing adsorbed molecules heating. These two distinctive pathways are dependent on the irradiating wavelength and the energy difference between MXene and adsorbed molecules. This research sheds light on the fundamental mechanism and opens opportunities in photocatalysis and interfacial heat transfer theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- GuSu Laboratory of Materials, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixuan Zhao
- Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Peizhe Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- GuSu Laboratory of Materials, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiebo Li
- Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China.
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Light Source Research, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Pei Q, Zheng X, Tan J, Luo Y, Ye S. Probing the Local Near-Field Intensity of Plasmonic Nanoparticles in the Mid-infrared Spectral Region. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5390-5396. [PMID: 38739421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The enhanced local field of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in mid-infrared spectral regions is essential for improving the detection sensitivity of vibrational spectroscopy and mediating photochemical reactions. However, it is still challenging to measure its intensity at subnanometer scales. Here, using the NO2 symmetric stretching mode (νNO2) of self-assembled 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) monolayers on AuNPs as a model, we demonstrated that the percentage of excited νNO2 mode, determined by femtosecond time-resolved sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy, allows us to directly detect the local field intensity of the AuNP surface in subnanometer ranges. The local-field intensity is tuned by AuNP diameters. An approximate 17-fold enhancement was observed for the local field on 80 nm AuNPs compared to the Au film. Additionally, the local field can regulate the anharmonicity of the νNO2 mode by synergistic effect with molecular orientation. This work offers a promising approach to probe the local field intensity distribution around plasmonic NP surfaces at subnanometer scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanbing Pei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
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4
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Ueta H, Fukutani K, Yamakawa K. Fast ortho-to-para conversion of molecular hydrogen in chemisorption and matrix-isolation systems. Front Chem 2023; 11:1258035. [PMID: 37711317 PMCID: PMC10497966 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1258035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen has two nuclear-spin modifications called ortho and para. Because of the symmetry restriction with respect to permutation of the two protons, the ortho and para isomers take only odd and even values of the rotational quantum number, respectively. The ortho-to-para conversion is promoted in condensed systems, to which the excess rotational energy and spin angular momentum are transferred. We review recent studies on fast ortho-to-para conversion of hydrogen in molecular chemisorption and matrix isolation systems, discussing the conversion mechanism as well as rotational-relaxation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ueta
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukutani
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yamakawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
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5
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Dan X, Shi Q. Theoretical study of nonadiabatic hydrogen atom scattering dynamics on metal surfaces using the hierarchical equations of motion method. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:044101. [PMID: 37486050 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen atom scattering on metal surfaces is investigated based on a simplified Newns-Anderson model. Both the nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically. By partitioning all the surface electronic states as the bath, the hierarchical equations of motion method for the fermionic bath is employed to simulate the scattering dynamics. It is found that, with a reasonable set of parameters, the main features of the recent experimental studies of hydrogen atom scattering on metal surfaces can be reproduced. Vibrational states on the chemisorption state whose energies are close to the incident energy are found to play an important role, and the scattering process is dominated by a single-pass electronic transition forth and back between the diabatic physisorption and chemisorption states. Further study on the effects of the atom-surface coupling strength reveals that, upon increasing the atom-surface coupling strength, the scattering mechanism changes from typical nonadiabatic transitions to dynamics in the electronic friction regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Vanzan M, Gil G, Castaldo D, Nordlander P, Corni S. Energy Transfer to Molecular Adsorbates by Transient Hot Electron Spillover. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2719-2725. [PMID: 37010208 PMCID: PMC10103299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hot electron (HE) photocatalysis is one of the most intriguing fields of nanoscience, with a clear potential for technological impact. Despite much effort, the mechanisms of HE photocatalysis are not fully understood. Here we investigate a mechanism based on transient electron spillover on a molecule and subsequent energy release into vibrational modes. We use state-of-the-art real-time Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (rt-TDDFT), simulating the dynamics of a HE moving within linear chains of Ag or Au atoms, on which CO, N2, or H2O are adsorbed. We estimate the energy a HE can release into adsorbate vibrational modes and show that certain modes are selectively activated. The energy transfer strongly depends on the adsorbate, the metal, and the HE energy. Considering a cumulative effect from multiple HEs, we estimate this mechanism can transfer tenths of an eV to molecular vibrations and could play an important role in HE photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Vanzan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriel Gil
- Instituto
de Cibernetica, Matematica y Física, Calle E esq 15 Vedado, 10400 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Davide Castaldo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR
Institute of Nanoscience, via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
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7
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Cirera B, Wolf M, Kumagai T. Joule Heating in Single-Molecule Point Contacts Studied by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16443-16451. [PMID: 36197071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heating and cooling in current-carrying molecular junctions is a crucial issue in molecular electronics. The microscopic mechanism involves complex factors such as energy inputs, molecular properties, electrode materials, and molecule-electrode coupling. To gain an in-depth understanding, it is a desired experiment to assess vibrational population that represents the energy distribution stored within the molecule. Here, we demonstrate the direct observation of vibrational heating in a single C60 molecule by means of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). The heating of respective vibrational modes is monitored by anti-Stokes Raman scattering in the TERS spectra. The precise control of the gap distance in the single-molecule junction allows us to reveal a qualitatively different heating mechanism in distinct electron transport regimes, namely, the tunneling and single-molecule point contact (SMPC) regimes. Strong Joule heating via inelastic electron-vibration scattering occurs in the SMPC regime, whereas optical heating is predominant in the tunneling regime. The strong Joule heating at the SMPC also leads to a pronounced red shift of the Raman peak position and line width broadening. Furthermore, by examining the SMPC with several types of contact surfaces, we show that the heating efficiency is related to the current density at the SMPC and the vibrational dissipation channels into the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Cirera
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
- Center for Mesoscopic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki444-8585, Japan
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8
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Zhou X, Meng G, Guo H, Jiang B. First-Principles Insights into Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Vibrational Energy-Transfer Dynamics during Molecular Scattering from Metal Surfaces: The Importance of Surface Reactivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3450-3461. [PMID: 35412832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer is ubiquitous during molecular collisions and reactions at gas-surface interfaces. Of particular importance is vibrational energy transfer because of its relevance to bond forming and breaking. In this Perspective, we review recent first-principles studies on vibrational energy-transfer dynamics during molecular scattering from metal surfaces at the state-to-state level. Taking several representative systems as examples, we highlight the intrinsic correlation between vibrational energy transfer in nonreactive scattering and surface reactivity and how it operates in both electronically adiabatic and nonadiabatic pathways. Adiabatically, the presence of a dissociation barrier softens a bond in the impinging molecule and increases its couplings with other molecular modes and surface phonons. In the meantime, the stronger interaction between the molecule and the surface also changes the electronic structure at the barrier, resulting in an increase of nonadiabatic effects. We further discuss future prospects toward a more quantitative understanding of this important surface dynamical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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9
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Hu C, Lin Q, Guo H, Jiang B. Influence of supercell size on Gas-Surface Scattering: A case study of CO scattering from Au(1 1 1). Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Auerbach DJ, Tully JC, Wodtke AM. Chemical dynamics from the gas‐phase to surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ntls.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Auerbach
- Institut für physikalische Chemie Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen Max‐Planck‐Institut für biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen Germany
| | - John C. Tully
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institut für physikalische Chemie Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen Max‐Planck‐Institut für biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen Germany
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11
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Abstract
![]()
We have developed
an instrument that uses photolysis of hydrogen
halides to produce nearly monoenergetic hydrogen atom beams and Rydberg
atom tagging to obtain accurate angle-resolved time-of-flight distributions
of atoms scattered from surfaces. The surfaces are prepared under
strict ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Data from these experiments can
provide excellent benchmarks for theory, from which it is possible
to obtain an atomic scale understanding of the underlying dynamical
processes governing H atom adsorption. In this way, the mechanism
of adsorption on metals is revealed, showing a penetration–resurfacing
mechanism that relies on electronic excitation of the metal by the
H atom to succeed. Contrasting this, when H atoms collide at graphene
surfaces, the dynamics of bond formation involving at least four carbon
atoms govern adsorption. Future perspectives of H atom scattering
from surfaces are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bünermann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Jin Z, Subotnik JE. Nonadiabatic Dynamics at Metal Surfaces: Fewest Switches Surface Hopping with Electronic Relaxation. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:614-626. [PMID: 33512137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new scheme is proposed for modeling molecular nonadiabatic dynamics near metal surfaces. The charge-transfer character of such dynamics is exploited to construct an efficient reduced representation for the electronic structure. In this representation, the fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) approach can be naturally modified to include electronic relaxation (ER). The resulting FSSH-ER method is valid across a wide range of coupling strengths as supported by tests applied to the Anderson-Holstein model for electron transfer. Future work will combine this scheme with ab initio electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxin Jin
- Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Cret Wing 141D, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Cret Wing 141D, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
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13
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Gu L, Wu R. Density functional study of relaxation of adsorbate vibration modes: Dominance of anharmonic interaction. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184109. [PMID: 33187426 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulation and density functional workflow for calculating the lifetime of vibrational modes of molecular adsorbates on solid surfaces due to vibration-phonon coupling are presented. The anharmonic coupling is invoked to give the correct description of the origin of temperature dependence. Using pyrrolidine (C4H9N) absorbed on the Cu(001) surface as a concrete example, we show that the anharmonic coupling can be one to two orders more significant than the harmonic interaction for the broadening of vibrational spectra, especially as temperature increases. These results challenge the common assumption that the anharmonic interaction is weak and call for attention of considering its effect in quantum relaxation and related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ruqian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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14
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Borodin D, Rahinov I, Shirhatti PR, Huang M, Kandratsenka A, Auerbach DJ, Zhong T, Guo H, Schwarzer D, Kitsopoulos TN, Wodtke AM. Following the microscopic pathway to adsorption through chemisorption and physisorption wells. Science 2020; 369:1461-1465. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abc9581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption involves molecules colliding at the surface of a solid and losing their incidence energy by traversing a dynamical pathway to equilibrium. The interactions responsible for energy loss generally include both chemical bond formation (chemisorption) and nonbonding interactions (physisorption). In this work, we present experiments that revealed a quantitative energy landscape and the microscopic pathways underlying a molecule’s equilibration with a surface in a prototypical system: CO adsorption on Au(111). Although the minimum energy state was physisorbed, initial capture of the gas-phase molecule, dosed with an energetic molecular beam, was into a metastable chemisorption state. Subsequent thermal decay of the chemisorbed state led molecules to the physisorption minimum. We found, through detailed balance, that thermal adsorption into both binding states was important at all temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Borodin
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Igor Rahinov
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 4353701 Raanana, Israel
| | | | - Meng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Auerbach
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tianli Zhong
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theofanis N. Kitsopoulos
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Martin Somer A, Macaluso V, Barnes GL, Yang L, Pratihar S, Song K, Hase WL, Spezia R. Role of Chemical Dynamics Simulations in Mass Spectrometry Studies of Collision-Induced Dissociation and Collisions of Biological Ions with Organic Surfaces. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2-24. [PMID: 32881516 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a perspective is given of chemical dynamics simulations of collisions of biological ions with surfaces and of collision-induced dissociation (CID) of ions. The simulations provide an atomic-level understanding of the collisions and, overall, are in quite good agreement with experiment. An integral component of ion/surface collisions is energy transfer to the internal degrees of freedom of both the ion and the surface. The simulations reveal how this energy transfer depends on the collision energy, incident angle, biological ion, and surface. With energy transfer to the ion's vibration fragmentation may occur, i.e. surface-induced dissociation (SID), and the simulations discovered a new fragmentation mechanism, called shattering, for which the ion fragments as it collides with the surface. The simulations also provide insight into the atomistic dynamics of soft-landing and reactive-landing of ions on surfaces. The CID simulations compared activation by multiple "soft" collisions, resulting in random excitation, versus high energy single collisions and nonrandom excitation. These two activation methods may result in different fragment ions. Simulations provide fragmentation products in agreement with experiments and, hence, can provide additional information regarding the reaction mechanisms taking place in experiment. Such studies paved the way on using simulations as an independent and predictive tool in increasing fundamental understanding of CID and related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martin Somer
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Macaluso
- LAMBE, Univ Evry, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - George L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
| | - Li Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Subha Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Kihyung Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea National University of Education, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - William L Hase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Riccardo Spezia
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT, 4, Place Jussieu, Paris, 75252 Cedex 05, France
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