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Deng Y, Pan D, Jin Y. Jamming is a first-order transition with quenched disorder in amorphous materials sheared by cyclic quasistatic deformations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7072. [PMID: 39152106 PMCID: PMC11329727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Jamming is an athermal transition between flowing and rigid states in amorphous systems such as granular matter, colloidal suspensions, complex fluids and cells. The jamming transition seems to display mixed aspects of a first-order transition, evidenced by a discontinuity in the coordination number, and a second-order transition, indicated by power-law scalings and diverging lengths. Here we demonstrate that jamming is a first-order transition with quenched disorder in cyclically sheared systems with quasistatic deformations, in two and three dimensions. Based on scaling analyses, we show that fluctuations of the jamming density in finite-sized systems have important consequences on the finite-size effects of various quantities, resulting in a square relationship between disconnected and connected susceptibilities, a key signature of the first-order transition with quenched disorder. This study puts the jamming transition into the category of a broad class of transitions in disordered systems where sample-to-sample fluctuations dominate over thermal fluctuations, suggesting that the nature and behavior of the jamming transition might be better understood within the developed theoretical framework of the athermally driven random-field Ising model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuliang Jin
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Center for Theoretical Interdisciplinary Sciences, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.
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2
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Wen Y, Zhang Y. Fabric-based jamming phase diagram for frictional granular materials. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3175-3190. [PMID: 38526425 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01277h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A jamming phase diagram maps the phase states of granular materials to their intensive properties such as shear stress and density (or packing fraction). We investigate how different phases in a jamming phase diagram of granular materials are related to their fabric structure via three-dimensional discrete element method simulations. Constant-volume quasi-static simple shear tests ensuring uniform shear strain field are conducted on bi-disperse spherical frictional particles. Specimens with different initial solid fractions are sheared until reaching steady state at a large shear strain (200%). The jamming threshold in terms of stress, non-rattler fraction, and coordination numbers (Z's) of different contact networks is discussed. The evolution of fabric anisotropy (F) of each contact network during shearing is also examined. By plotting the fabric data in the F-Z space, a unique critical fabric surface (CFS) becomes apparent across all specimens, irrespective of their initial phase states. Through the correlation of this CFS with fabric signals corresponding to jamming transitions, we introduce a novel jamming phase diagram in the fabric F-Z space, offering a convenient approach to distinguish the various phases of granular materials solely through the direct observation of geometrical arrangements of particles. This jamming phase diagram underscores the importance of the microstructure underlying the conventional jamming phenomenon and introduces a novel standpoint for interpreting the phase transitions of granular materials that have been exposed to processes such as compaction, shearing, and other complex loading histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wen
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Yida Zhang
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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3
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Zhao Y, Hu H, Huang Y, Liu H, Yan C, Xu C, Zhang R, Wang Y, Xu Q. Elasticity-controlled jamming criticality in soft composite solids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1691. [PMID: 38402229 PMCID: PMC10894283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft composite solids are made of inclusions dispersed within soft matrices. They are ubiquitous in nature and form the basis of many biological tissues. In the field of materials science, synthetic soft composites are promising candidates for building various engineering devices due to their highly programmable features. However, when the volume fraction of the inclusions increases, predicting the mechanical properties of these materials poses a significant challenge for the classical theories of composite mechanics. The difficulty arises from the inherently disordered, multi-scale interactions between the inclusions and the matrix. To address this challenge, we systematically investigated the mechanics of densely filled soft elastomers containing stiff microspheres. We experimentally demonstrate how the strain-stiffening response of the soft composites is governed by the critical scalings in the vicinity of a shear-jamming transition of the included particles. The proposed criticality framework quantitatively connects the overall mechanics of a soft composite with the elasticity of the matrix and the particles, and captures the diverse mechanical responses observed across a wide range of material parameters. The findings uncover a novel design paradigm of composite mechanics that relies on engineering the jamming properties of the embedded inclusions.
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Grants
- Early Career Scheme (No. 26309620) Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- General Research Fund (No. 16307422) Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- Collaborative Research Fund No. C6008-20E Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- PDFS2324-6S02 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- No. 16300221 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- Asian Science and Technology Pioneering Institutes of Research and Educational League (No. ASPIRE2021#1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Zhao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yulu Huang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Caishan Yan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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4
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Candela D. Complex Memory Formation in Frictional Granular Media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:268202. [PMID: 37450807 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.268202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Using numerical simulations it is shown that a jammed, random pack of soft frictional grains can store an arbitrary waveform that is applied as a small time-dependent shear while the system is slowly compressed. When the system is decompressed at a later time, an approximation of the input waveform is recalled in time-reversed order as shear stresses on the system boundaries. This effect depends on friction between the grains, and is independent of some aspects of the friction model. This type of memory could potentially be observable in other types of random media that form internal contacts when compressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Candela
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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5
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Pan D, Ji T, Baggioli M, Li L, Jin Y. Nonlinear elasticity, yielding, and entropy in amorphous solids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8028. [PMID: 35648846 PMCID: PMC9159571 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The holographic duality has proven successful in linking seemingly unrelated problems in physics. Recently, intriguing correspondences between the physics of soft matter and gravity are emerging, including strong similarities between the rheology of amorphous solids, effective field theories for elasticity, and the physics of black holes. However, direct comparisons between theoretical predictions and experimental/simulation observations remain limited. Here, we study the effects of nonlinear elasticity on the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of amorphous materials responding to shear, using effective field and gravitational theories. The predicted correlations among the nonlinear elastic exponent, the yielding strain/stress, and the entropy change due to shear are supported qualitatively by simulations of granular matter models. Our approach opens a path toward understanding the complex mechanical responses of amorphous solids, such as mixed effects of shear softening and shear hardening, and offers the possibility to study the rheology of solid states and black holes in a unified framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Teng Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Matteo Baggioli
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuliang Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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6
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Barés J, Cárdenas-Barrantes M, Cantor D, Renouf M, Azéma É. Softer than soft: Diving into squishy granular matter. PAPERS IN PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.4279/pip.140009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Softer than soft, squishy granular matter is composed of grains capable of significantly changing their shape (typically a deformation larger than 10%) without tearing or breaking. Because of the difficulty to test these materials experimentally and numerically, such a family of discrete systems remains largely ignored in the granular matter physics field despite being commonly found in nature and industry. Either from a numerical, experimental, or analytical point of view, the study of highly deformable granular matter involves several challenges covering, for instance: (i) the need to include a large diversity of grain rheology, (ii) the need to consider large material deformations, and (iii) analysis of the effects of large body distortion on the global scale. In this article, we propose a thorough definition of these squishy granular systems and we summarize the upcoming challenges in their study.
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7
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Lee KL, Yang FL. Flow reversal triggers discontinuous shear thickening response across an erodible granular bed in a Couette-Poiseuille-like flow. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:L052901. [PMID: 35706163 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.l052901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Granular rheology is experimentally investigated in a vertical Couette-Poiseuille-like channel flow of photoelastic disks, where an erodible bed is sheared intermittently by an upward-moving shear band and a gravity-induced reverse flow. The shear band conforms to the existing nonlocal Eyring-like rheology but the bed exhibits discontinuous shear thickening from the Bagnold inertial regime near the band-bed interface to the Herschel-Bulkley plastic regime near the static wall. This newly discovered bed rheology is rate dependent and is associated with the fragility of the contact networks indicated by the statistics of local stress states inferred from the material photoelastic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Lin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ling Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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8
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Brilliantov NV, Otieno W, Krapivsky PL. Nonextensive Supercluster States in Aggregation with Fragmentation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:250602. [PMID: 35029448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.250602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Systems evolving through aggregation and fragmentation may possess an intriguing supercluster state (SCS). Clusters constituting this state are mostly very large, so the SCS resembles a gelling state, but the formation of the SCS is controlled by fluctuations and in this aspect, it is similar to a critical state. The SCS is nonextensive, that is, the number of clusters varies sublinearly with the system size. In the parameter space, the SCS separates equilibrium and jamming (extensive) states. The conventional methods, such as, e.g., the van Kampen expansion, fail to describe the SCS. To characterize the SCS we propose a scaling approach with a set of critical exponents. Our theoretical findings are in good agreement with numerical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Brilliantov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Otieno
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - P L Krapivsky
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA
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9
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Trulsson M. Directional shear jamming of frictionless ellipses. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044614. [PMID: 34781452 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work we study shear reversals of dense non-Brownian suspensions composed of cohesionless elliptical particles. By numerical simulations, we show that a new fragility appears for frictionless ellipses in the flowing states, where particles can flow indefinitely in one direction at applied shear stresses but shear jam in the other direction upon shear stress reversal. This new fragility, absent in the isotropic particle case, is linked to the directional order of the elongated particles at steady shear and its reorientation at shear stress reversal, which forces the suspensions to pass through a more disordered state with an increased number of contacts in which it might get arrested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trulsson
- Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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10
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Giusteri GG, Seto R. Shear Jamming and Fragility of Suspensions in a Continuum Model with Elastic Constraints. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:138001. [PMID: 34623835 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.138001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under an applied traction, highly concentrated suspensions of solid particles in fluids can turn from a state in which they flow to a state in which they counteract the traction as an elastic solid: a shear-jammed state. Remarkably, the suspension can turn back to the flowing state simply by inverting the traction. A tensorial model is presented and tested in paradigmatic cases. We show that, to reproduce the phenomenology of shear jamming in generic geometries, it is necessary to link this effect to the elastic response supported by the suspension microstructure rather than to a divergence of the viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio G Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Trieste 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Ryohei Seto
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China; and The Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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11
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Otsuki M, Hayakawa H. Shear modulus and reversible particle trajectories of frictional granular materials under oscillatory shear. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:70. [PMID: 34014409 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we numerically investigated the mechanical responses and trajectories of frictional granular particles under oscillatory shear in the reversible phase where particle trajectories form closed loops below the yielding point. When the friction coefficient is small, the storage modulus exhibits softening, and the loss modulus remains finite in the quasi-static limit. As the friction coefficient increases, the softening and residual loss modulus are suppressed. The storage and loss moduli satisfy scaling laws if they are plotted as functions of the areas of the loop trajectories divided by the strain amplitude and diameter of grains, at least for small values of the areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Otsuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Hisao Hayakawa
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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12
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Abstract
The concept of jamming has attracted great research interest due to its broad relevance in soft-matter, such as liquids, glasses, colloids, foams, and granular materials, and its deep connection to sphere packing and optimization problems. Here, we show that the domain of amorphous jammed states of frictionless spheres can be significantly extended, from the well-known jamming-point at a fixed density, to a jamming-plane that spans the density and shear strain axes. We explore the jamming-plane, via athermal and thermal simulations of compression and shear jamming, with initial equilibrium configurations prepared by an efficient swap algorithm. The jamming-plane can be divided into reversible-jamming and irreversible-jamming regimes, based on the reversibility of the route from the initial configuration to jamming. Our results suggest that the irreversible-jamming behavior reflects an escape from the metastable glass basin to which the initial configuration belongs to or the absence of such basins. All jammed states, either compression- or shear-jammed, are isostatic and exhibit jamming criticality of the same universality class. However, the anisotropy of contact networks nontrivially depends on the jamming density and strain. Among all state points on the jamming-plane, the jamming-point is a unique one with the minimum jamming density and the maximum randomness. For crystalline packings, the jamming-plane shrinks into a single shear jamming-line that is independent of initial configurations. Our study paves the way for solving the long-standing random close-packing problem and provides a more complete framework to understand jamming.
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13
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Babu V, Pan D, Jin Y, Chakraborty B, Sastry S. Dilatancy, shear jamming, and a generalized jamming phase diagram of frictionless sphere packings. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3121-3127. [PMID: 33599660 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02186e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Granular packings display the remarkable phenomenon of dilatancy, wherein their volume increases upon shear deformation. Conventional wisdom and previous results suggest that dilatancy, also being the related phenomenon of shear-induced jamming, requires frictional interactions. Here, we show that the occurrence of isotropic jamming densities φj above the minimal density (or the J-point density) φJ leads both to the emergence of shear-induced jamming and dilatancy in frictionless packings. Under constant pressure shear, the system evolves into a steady-state at sufficiently large strains, whose density only depends on the pressure and is insensitive to the initial jamming density φj. In the limit of vanishing pressure, the steady-state exhibits critical behavior at φJ. While packings with different φj values display equivalent scaling properties under compression, they exhibit striking differences in rheological behaviour under shear. The yield stress under constant volume shear increases discontinuously with density when φj > φJ, contrary to the continuous behaviour in generic packings that jam at φJ. Our results thus lead to a more coherent, generalised picture of jamming in frictionless packings, which also have important implications on how dilatancy is understood in the context of frictional granular matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varghese Babu
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, Bengaluru 560064, India.
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14
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Liu K, Kollmer JE, Daniels KE, Schwarz JM, Henkes S. Spongelike Rigid Structures in Frictional Granular Packings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:088002. [PMID: 33709747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.088002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show how rigidity emerges in experiments on sheared two-dimensional frictional granular materials by using generalizations of two methods for identifying rigid structures. Both approaches, the force-based dynamical matrix and the topology-based rigidity percolation, agree with each other and identify similar rigid structures. As the system becomes jammed, at a critical contact number z_{c}=2.4±0.1, a rigid backbone interspersed with floppy, particle-filled holes of a broad range of sizes emerges, creating a spongelike morphology. While the pressure within rigid structures always exceeds the pressure outside the rigid structures, they are not identified with the force chains of shear jamming. These findings highlight the need to focus on mechanical stability arising through arch structures and hinges at the mesoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Liu
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - Jonathan E Kollmer
- Experimental Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharst. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen E Daniels
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - J M Schwarz
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- Indian Creek Farm, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Silke Henkes
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, BS8 1UG Bristol, England, United Kingdom
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15
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Ono-Dit-Biot JC, Lorand T, Dalnoki-Veress K. Continuum Model Applied to Granular Analogs of Droplets and Puddles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:228001. [PMID: 33315448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.228001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the growth of aggregates made of adhesive frictionless oil droplets, piling up against a solid interface. Monodisperse droplets are produced one by one in an aqueous solution and float upward to the top of a liquid cell where they accumulate and form an aggregate at a flat horizontal interface. Initially, the aggregate grows in 3D until its height reaches a critical value. Beyond a critical height, adding more droplets results in the aggregate spreading in 2D along the interface with a constant height. We find that the shape of such aggregates, despite being granular in nature, is well described by a continuum model. The geometry of the aggregates is determined by a balance between droplet buoyancy and adhesion as given by a single parameter, a "granular" capillary length, analogous to the capillary length of a liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Ono-Dit-Biot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Tanel Lorand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Kari Dalnoki-Veress
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
- UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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16
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Wang D, Dijksman JA, Barés J, Ren J, Zheng H. Sheared Amorphous Packings Display Two Separate Particle Transport Mechanisms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:138001. [PMID: 33034487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.138001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shearing granular materials induces nonaffine displacements. Such nonaffine displacements have been studied extensively, and are known to correlate with plasticity and other mechanical features of amorphous packings. A well known example is shear transformation zones as captured by the local deviation from affine deformation, D_{min}^{2}, and their relevance to failure and stress fluctuations. We analyze sheared frictional athermal disc packings and show that there exists at least one additional mesoscopic transport mechanism that superimposes itself on top of local diffusive motion. We evidence this second transport mechanism in a homogeneous system via a diffusion tensor analysis and show that the trace of the diffusion tensor equals the classic D_{min}^{2} when this second mesoscopic transport is corrected for. The new transport mechanism is consistently observed over a wide range of volume fractions and even for particles with different friction coefficients and is consistently observed also upon shear reversal, hinting at its relevance for memory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Non-linear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Barés
- LMGC, UMR 5508 CNRS-University Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jie Ren
- Merck & Company, Incorporated, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Hu Zheng
- Department of Physics and Center for Non-linear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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17
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Wang S, Zhuravkov M, Ji S. Granular flow of cylinder-like particles in a cylindrical hopper under external pressure based on DEM simulations. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7760-7777. [PMID: 32744286 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Granular flow is widely found in nature or industrial production. Although the external driving force significantly affects the dynamic behavior of a granular system, a large number of numerical simulations have been conducted to study granular flows driven by gravity. In this study, a superquadric equation was used to construct spherical and cylindrical elements, and the flow processes of granular materials under external pressure were simulated by the discrete element method. To examine the validity of the DEM model, the Janssen effect of spherical particles, the static packing of cylindrical particles and the flow process of spherical particles under external pressure are simulated and compared with the previous experimental and theoretical results. Subsequently, the effects of blockiness, orifice diameter, and particle friction on the flow characteristics are investigated. Results show that the flow rate of spherical particles increases as the external pressure and opening diameter increase or the particle friction decreases. However, the flow rate of cylindrical particles decreases as the blockiness parameter increases, and the external pressure has little effect on the flow rate of the cylindrical particles when the blockiness parameter is greater than 4. Furthermore, the external pressure causes a change in the flow pattern of granular systems. In a gravity-driven granular flow, cylindrical particles appear in funnel flow, and spherical particles in both mass and funnel flows. In a pressure-driven granular flow, spherical particles appear in mass flow, and cylindrical particles in both mass and funnel flows. The critical height of the transition between mass and funnel flows decreases with increasing external pressure and eventually reaches a steady state. Meanwhile, the critical height increases with the blockiness parameter, which indicates that more cylindrical than spherical particles appear in funnel flow. Finally, the basic flow characteristics of granular materials under external pressure are further analyzed by the velocity uniformity index, the normal contact force between particles, and the bottom pressure. Overall, the numerical results are useful for understanding the changes in the flow characteristics of spherical and cylindrical granular materials under external pressure, and further provide guidance for the appropriate design and optimization of cylindrical hoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
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Díaz-Melián VL, Serrano-Muñoz A, Espinosa M, Alonso-Llanes L, Viera-López G, Altshuler E. Rolling away from the Wall into Granular Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:078002. [PMID: 32857574 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.078002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sedimentation of solid objects into granular matter near boundaries is an almost virgin field of research. Here we describe in detail the penetration dynamics of a cylindrical object into a quasi-2D granular medium. By tracking the trajectory of the cylinder as it penetrates the granular bed, we characterize two distinct kinds of motion: its center of mass moves horizontally away from the lateral wall, and it rotates around its symmetry axis. While the repulsion is caused by the loading of force chains between the intruder and the wall, the rotation can be associated to the frictional forces between the grains and the intruder. Finally, we show the analogies between the sedimentation of twin intruders released far from any boundaries, and that of one intruder released near a vertical wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Díaz-Melián
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - A Serrano-Muñoz
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - M Espinosa
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - L Alonso-Llanes
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - G Viera-López
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - E Altshuler
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, 10400 Havana, Cuba
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Das P, Vinutha HA, Sastry S. Unified phase diagram of reversible-irreversible, jamming, and yielding transitions in cyclically sheared soft-sphere packings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10203-10209. [PMID: 32341154 PMCID: PMC7229761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912482117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-organization, and transitions from reversible to irreversible behavior, of interacting particle assemblies driven by externally imposed stresses or deformation is of interest in comprehending diverse phenomena in soft matter. They have been investigated in a wide range of systems, such as colloidal suspensions, glasses, and granular matter. In different density and driving regimes, such behavior is related to yielding of amorphous solids, jamming, memory formation, etc. How these phenomena are related to each other has not, however, been much studied. In order to obtain a unified view of the different regimes of behavior, and transitions between them, we investigate computationally the response of soft-sphere assemblies to athermal cyclic-shear deformation over a wide range of densities and amplitudes of shear deformation. Cyclic-shear deformation induces transitions from reversible to irreversible behavior in both unjammed and jammed soft-sphere packings. Well above the minimum isotropic jamming density ([Formula: see text]), this transition corresponds to yielding. In the vicinity of the jamming point, up to a higher-density limit, we designate [Formula: see text], an unjammed phase emerges between a localized, absorbing phase and a diffusive, irreversible, phase. The emergence of the unjammed phase signals the shifting of the jamming point to higher densities as a result of annealing and opens a window where shear jamming becomes possible for frictionless packings. Below [Formula: see text], two distinct localized states, termed point- and loop-reversible, are observed. We characterize in detail the different regimes and transitions between them and obtain a unified density-shear amplitude phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - H A Vinutha
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560064, India
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21EW, United Kingdom
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560064, India;
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20
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Otsuki M, Hayakawa H. Shear jamming, discontinuous shear thickening, and fragile states in dry granular materials under oscillatory shear. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032905. [PMID: 32289976 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We numerically study the linear response of two-dimensional frictional granular materials under oscillatory shear. The storage modulus G^{'} and the loss modulus G^{''} in the zero strain rate limit depend on the initial strain amplitude of the oscillatory shear before measurement. The shear jammed state (satisfying G^{'}>0) can be observed at an amplitude greater than a critical initial strain amplitude. The fragile state is defined by the emergence of liquid-like and solid-like states depending on the form of the initial shear. In this state, the observed G^{'} after the reduction of the strain amplitude depends on the phase of the external shear strain. The loss modulus G^{''} exhibits a discontinuous jump corresponding to discontinuous shear thickening in the fragile state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Otsuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hisao Hayakawa
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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21
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Carlevaro CM, Kozlowski R, Pugnaloni LA, Zheng H, Socolar JES, Kondic L. Intruder in a two-dimensional granular system: Effects of dynamic and static basal friction on stick-slip and clogging dynamics. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012909. [PMID: 32069686 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present simulation results for an intruder pulled through a two-dimensional granular system by a spring using a model designed to mimic the experiments described by Kozlowski et al. [Phys. Rev. E 100, 032905 (2019)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.100.032905]. In that previous study the presence of basal friction between the grains and the base was observed to change the intruder dynamics from clogging to stick-slip. Here we first show that our simulation results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data for a variety of experimentally accessible friction coefficients governing interactions of particles with each other and with boundaries. We then use simulations to explore a broader range of parameter space, focusing on the friction between the particles and the base. We consider both static and dynamic basal friction coefficients, which are difficult to vary smoothly in experiments. The simulations show that dynamic friction strongly affects the stick-slip behavior when the coefficient is decreased below 0.1, while static friction plays only a marginal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manuel Carlevaro
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, CONICET, 59 789, 1900 La Plata, Argentina and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional La Plata, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Ryan Kozlowski
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Luis A Pugnaloni
- Departamento de Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, CONICET, Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa (La Pampa), Argentina
| | - Hu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.,Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Joshua E S Socolar
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Lou Kondic
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Applied Mathematics and Statistics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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Abstract
We present the experimental studies of highly strained soft bidisperse granular systems made of hyperelastic and plastic particles. We explore the behavior of granular matter deep in the jammed state from local field measurement from the grain scale to the global scale. By means of a dedicated digital image correlation code and an accurate image recording method, we measure for each compression step the evolution of the particle geometries and their right Cauchy-Green strain tensor fields. We analyze the evolution of the usual macroscopic observables (stress, packing fraction, coordination, fraction of nonrattlers, etc.) along the compression process through the jamming point and far beyond. Analyzing the evolution of the local strain statistics, we evidence a crossover in the material behavior deep in the jammed state for both sorts of particles. We show that this crossover is due to a competition between material compression, dilation, and shear, so its position depends on the particle material. We argue that the strain field is a reliable observable to describe the evolution of a granular system through the jamming transition and deep in the dense packing state whatever the material behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Lo Vu
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Jonathan Barés
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34000, France
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