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Jiang GQ, Zhang QH, Zhao JY, Qiao YK, Ge ZX, Liu RZ, Chung TH, Lu CY, Huo YH. Comprehensive measurement of the near-infrared refractive index of GaAs at cryogenic temperatures. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3507-3510. [PMID: 37390167 DOI: 10.1364/ol.491357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The refractive index is a critical parameter in optical and photonic device design. However, due to the lack of available data, precise designs of devices working in low temperatures are still frequently limited. In this work, we have built a homemade spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE) and measured the refractive index of GaAs at a matrix of temperatures (4 K < T < 295 K) and photon wavelengths (700 nm < λ < 1000 nm) with a system error of ∼0.04. We verified the credibility of the SE results by comparing them with afore-reported data at room temperature and with higher precision values measured by vertical GaAs cavity at cryogenic temperatures. This work makes up for the lack of the near-infrared refractive index of GaAs at cryogenic temperatures and provides accurate reference data for semiconductor device design and fabrication.
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2
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Liu ZF, Chen C, Xu JM, Cheng ZM, Ren ZC, Dong BW, Lou YC, Yang YX, Xue ST, Liu ZH, Zhu WZ, Wang XL, Wang HT. Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference between Two Hyperentangled Photons Enables Observation of Symmetric and Antisymmetric Particle Exchange Phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:263602. [PMID: 36608177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.263602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a fundamental quantum effect with no classical counterpart. The existing research on two-photon interference was mainly limited in one degree of freedom (DOF); hence, it is still a challenge to realize quantum interference in multiple DOFs. Here, we demonstrate HOM interference between two hyperentangled photons in two DOFs of polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) for all 16 hyperentangled Bell states. We observe hyperentangled two-photon interference with a bunching effect for ten symmetric states (nine boson-boson states and one fermion-fermion state) and an antibunching effect for six antisymmetric states (three boson-fermion states and three fermion-boson states). More interestingly, expanding the Hilbert space by introducing an extra DOF for two photons enables one to transfer the unmeasurable external phase in the initial DOF to a measurable internal phase in the expanded two DOFs. We directly measured the symmetric exchange phases being 0.012±0.002, 0.025±0.002, and 0.027±0.002 in radian for the three boson states in OAM and the antisymmetric exchange phase being 0.991π±0.002 in radian for the other fermion state, as theoretical predictions. Our Letter may not only pave the way for more wide applications of quantum interference, but also develop new technologies by expanding Hilbert space in more DOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia-Min Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Mo Cheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bo-Wen Dong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan-Chao Lou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shu-Tian Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui-Tian Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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3
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Zeuner KD, Jöns KD, Schweickert L, Reuterskiöld Hedlund C, Nuñez Lobato C, Lettner T, Wang K, Gyger S, Schöll E, Steinhauer S, Hammar M, Zwiller V. On-Demand Generation of Entangled Photon Pairs in the Telecom C-Band with InAs Quantum Dots. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:2337-2344. [PMID: 34476289 PMCID: PMC8377713 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photons are an integral part in quantum optics experiments and a key resource in quantum imaging, quantum communication, and photonic quantum information processing. Making this resource available on-demand has been an ongoing scientific challenge with enormous progress in recent years. Of particular interest is the potential to transmit quantum information over long distances, making photons the only reliable flying qubit. Entangled photons at the telecom C-band could be directly launched into single-mode optical fibers, enabling worldwide quantum communication via existing telecommunication infrastructure. However, the on-demand generation of entangled photons at this desired wavelength window has been elusive. Here, we show a photon pair generation efficiency of 69.9 ± 3.6% in the telecom C-band by an InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot on a metamorphic buffer layer. Using a robust phonon-assisted two-photon excitation scheme we measure a maximum concurrence of 91.4 ± 3.8% and a peak fidelity to the Φ+ state of 95.2 ± 1.1%, verifying on-demand generation of strongly entangled photon pairs and marking an important milestone for interfacing quantum light sources with our classical fiber networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina D. Zeuner
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus D. Jöns
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Reuterskiöld Hedlund
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute
of Technology, Electrum 229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Carlos Nuñez Lobato
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute
of Technology, Electrum 229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lettner
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Wang
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Gyger
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Schöll
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Steinhauer
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hammar
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute
of Technology, Electrum 229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Schimpf C, Reindl M, Huber D, Lehner B, Covre Da Silva SF, Manna S, Vyvlecka M, Walther P, Rastelli A. Quantum cryptography with highly entangled photons from semiconductor quantum dots. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/16/eabe8905. [PMID: 33853777 PMCID: PMC8046371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots are capable of emitting polarization entangled photon pairs with ultralow multipair emission probability even at maximum brightness. Using a quantum dot source with a fidelity as high as 0.987(8), we implement here quantum key distribution with an average quantum bit error rate as low as 1.9% over a time span of 13 hours. For a proof of principle, the key generation is performed with the BBM92 protocol between two buildings, connected by a 350-m-long fiber, resulting in an average raw (secure) key rate of 135 bits/s (86 bits/s) for a pumping rate of 80 MHz, without resorting to time- or frequency-filtering techniques. Our work demonstrates the viability of quantum dots as light sources for entanglement-based quantum key distribution and quantum networks. By increasing the excitation rate and embedding the dots in state-of-the-art photonic structures, key generation rates in the gigabits per second range are in principle at reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schimpf
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
| | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Daniel Huber
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Barbara Lehner
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Saimon F Covre Da Silva
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Santanu Manna
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Michal Vyvlecka
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computers, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Walther
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computers, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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5
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Huang X, Zhong H, Yang J, Liu L, Liu J, Yu Y, Yu S. Morphological engineering of aluminum droplet etched nanoholes for symmetric GaAs quantum dot epitaxy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:495701. [PMID: 32990269 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb1e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Symmetric droplet-etched quantum dots (QDs) are the leading candidate for generating high-performance polarization-entangled photon pairs. One of the challenges is how to precisely engineer the properties of QDs by controlling the morphology of etched nanoholes. In this paper, we systematically investigate the influence of the underlying material, showing the morphological evolution of the nanohole structure as well as symmetric GaAs QDs with an average fine-structure splitting (FSS) of (5.9 ± 1.2) μeV. Moreover, we develop a theoretical model that quantitatively reproduces the experimental data and provides insights into the mechanisms governing the relationship between the anisotropy of nanoholes in the [Formula: see text] crystallographic direction and the growth parameters. Our theoretical analysis also indicates how to improve the symmetry of nanoholes to meet the requirements for implementing QDs in entangled photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hancheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- Photonics Group, Merchant Venturers School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
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6
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Schöll E, Schweickert L, Hanschke L, Zeuner KD, Sbresny F, Lettner T, Trivedi R, Reindl M, Covre da Silva SF, Trotta R, Finley JJ, Vučković J, Müller K, Rastelli A, Zwiller V, Jöns KD. Crux of Using the Cascaded Emission of a Three-Level Quantum Ladder System to Generate Indistinguishable Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:233605. [PMID: 33337175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.233605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the degree of indistinguishability of cascaded photons emitted from a three-level quantum ladder system; in our case the biexciton-exciton cascade of semiconductor quantum dots. For the three-level quantum ladder system we theoretically demonstrate that the indistinguishability is inherently limited for both emitted photons and determined by the ratio of the lifetimes of the excited and intermediate states. We experimentally confirm this finding by comparing the quantum interference visibility of noncascaded emission and cascaded emission from the same semiconductor quantum dot. Quantum optical simulations produce very good agreement with the measurements and allow us to explore a large parameter space. Based on our model, we propose photonic structures to optimize the lifetime ratio and overcome the limited indistinguishability of cascaded photon emission from a three-level quantum ladder system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schöll
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Hanschke
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina D Zeuner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Friedrich Sbresny
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Lettner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rahul Trivedi
- Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jelena Vučković
- Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus D Jöns
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Yang J, Nawrath C, Keil R, Joos R, Zhang X, Höfer B, Chen Y, Zopf M, Jetter M, Luca Portalupi S, Ding F, Michler P, Schmidt OG. Quantum dot-based broadband optical antenna for efficient extraction of single photons in the telecom O-band. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:19457-19468. [PMID: 32672222 DOI: 10.1364/oe.395367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance fiber-based quantum communication relies on efficient non-classical light sources operating at telecommunication wavelengths. Semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for on-demand generation of single photons and entangled photon pairs for such applications. However, their brightness is strongly limited due to total internal reflection at the semiconductor/vacuum interface. Here we overcome this limitation using a dielectric antenna structure. The non-classical light source consists of a gallium phosphide solid immersion lens in combination with a quantum dot nanomembrane emitting single photons in the telecom O-band. With this device, the photon extraction is strongly increased in a broad spectral range. A brightness of 17% (numerical aperture of 0.6) is obtained experimentally, with a single photon purity of g(2)(0)=0.049±0.02 at saturation power. This brings the practical implementation of quantum communication networks one step closer.
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8
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Park J, Kim H, Seb Moon H. Entanglement swapping with autonomous polarization-entangled photon pairs from a warm atomic ensemble. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2403-2406. [PMID: 32287244 DOI: 10.1364/ol.388613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement swapping forms a key concept in the realization of scalable quantum networks and large-scale quantum communication. For the practical implementation of entanglement swapping, completely autonomous entanglement sources and a joint Bell-state measurement (BSM) between two independent photons are essential. Here, we experimentally demonstrate entanglement swapping between two independent polarization-entangled photon-pair sources obtained via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a Doppler-broadened atomic ensemble of ${^{87}}{\rm Rb}$87Rb atoms. From the joint BSM, we estimate the ${\rm S}$S parameter in the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) form of Bell's inequality and confirm the violation of the Bell-CHSH inequality by ${\rm S}={2.32} \pm {0.07}$S=2.32±0.07 with 4.5 standard deviations. We believe that this work is an important step toward realizing practical scalable quantum networks.
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9
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Lettner T, Zeuner KD, Schöll E, Huang H, Scharmer S, da Silva SFC, Gyger S, Schweickert L, Rastelli A, Jöns KD, Zwiller V. GaAs Quantum Dot in a Parabolic Microcavity Tuned to 87Rb D 1. ACS PHOTONICS 2020; 7:29-35. [PMID: 32025532 PMCID: PMC6994066 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We develop a structure to efficiently extract photons emitted by a GaAs quantum dot tuned to rubidium. For this, we employ a broadband microcavity with a curved gold backside mirror that we fabricate by a combination of photoresist reflow, dry reactive ion etching in an inductively coupled plasma, and selective wet chemical etching. Precise reflow and etching control allows us to achieve a parabolic backside mirror with a short focal distance of 265 nm. The fabricated structures yield a predicted (measured) collection efficiency of 63% (12%), an improvement by more than 1 order of magnitude compared to unprocessed samples. We then integrate our quantum dot parabolic microcavities onto a piezoelectric substrate capable of inducing a large in-plane biaxial strain. With this approach, we tune the emission wavelength by 0.5 nm/kV, in a dynamic, reversible, and linear way, to the rubidium D1 line (795 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lettner
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina D. Zeuner
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Schöll
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huiying Huang
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Selim Scharmer
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Samuel Gyger
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Klaus D. Jöns
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Basso Basset F, Rota MB, Schimpf C, Tedeschi D, Zeuner KD, Covre da Silva SF, Reindl M, Zwiller V, Jöns KD, Rastelli A, Trotta R. Entanglement Swapping with Photons Generated on Demand by a Quantum Dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:160501. [PMID: 31702339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.160501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photonic entanglement swapping, the procedure of entangling photons without any direct interaction, is a fundamental test of quantum mechanics and an essential resource to the realization of quantum networks. Probabilistic sources of nonclassical light were used for seminal demonstration of entanglement swapping, but applications in quantum technologies demand push-button operation requiring single quantum emitters. This, however, turned out to be an extraordinary challenge due to the stringent prerequisites on the efficiency and purity of the generation of entangled states. Here we show a proof-of-concept demonstration of all-photonic entanglement swapping with pairs of polarization-entangled photons generated on demand by a GaAs quantum dot without spectral and temporal filtering. Moreover, we develop a theoretical model that quantitatively reproduces the experimental data and provides insights on the critical figures of merit for the performance of the swapping operation. Our theoretical analysis also indicates how to improve state-of-the-art entangled-photon sources to meet the requirements needed for implementation of quantum dots in long-distance quantum communication protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Basso Basset
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M B Rota
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - C Schimpf
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - K D Zeuner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S F Covre da Silva
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - M Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - V Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K D Jöns
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - R Trotta
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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