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Widjaja J, Thuy Hoang V, Martijn de Sterke C, Runge AFJ. Phase-locked and phase-unlocked multicolor solitons in a fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3826-3829. [PMID: 38950278 DOI: 10.1364/ol.527558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Multicolor solitons are nonlinear pulses composed of two or more solitons centered at different frequencies, propagating with the same group velocity. In the time domain, multicolor solitons consist of an envelope multiplying a more rapidly varying fringe pattern that results from the interference of these frequency components. Here, we report the observation in a fiber laser of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, type of dynamics in which different frequency components still have the same group velocity but have different propagation constants. This causes the relative phases between the constituent spectral components to change upon propagation, corresponding to the fringes moving under the envelope. This leads to small periodic energy variations that we directly measure. Our experimental results are in good agreement with realistic numerical simulations based on an iterative cavity map.
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2
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Zhang P, Guo Q, Wu H, Gong Z, Nie B, Hu Y, Chen Z, Xu J. Equilibrium Dynamics of Mutually Confined Waves with Signed Analogous Masses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:087201. [PMID: 37683152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.087201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental realization of equilibrium dynamics of mutually confined waves with signed analogous masses in an optical fiber. Our Letter is mainly demonstrated by considering a mutual confinement between a soliton pair and a dispersive wave experiencing opposite dispersion. The resulting wave-packet complex is found robust upon random perturbation and collision with other waves. The equilibrium dynamics are also extended to scenarios of more than three waves. Our finding may trigger fundamental interest in the dynamics of many-body systems arising from the concept of negative mass, which is promising for new applications based on localized nonlinear waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qing Guo
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hao Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zeyu Gong
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yi Hu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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3
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Willms S, Melchert O, Bose S, Babushkin I, Morgner U, Demircan A. Photonic molecule state transition by collision. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3749-3752. [PMID: 37450741 DOI: 10.1364/ol.495682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of collisions with two-frequency photonic molecules aiming to observe internal dynamic behavior and challenge their strong robustness. Versatile interaction scenarios show intriguing state changes expressed through modifications of the resulting state such as temporal compression and unknown collision-induced spectral tunneling. These processes show potential for efficient coherent supercontinuum generation and all-optical manipulation.
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Cui Y, Zhang Y, Huang L, Zhang A, Liu Z, Kuang C, Tao C, Chen D, Liu X, Malomed BA. Dichromatic "Breather Molecules" in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:153801. [PMID: 37115872 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.153801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bound states of solitons ("molecules") occur in various settings, playing an important role in the operation of fiber lasers, optical emulation, encoding, and communications. Soliton interactions are generally related to breathing dynamics in nonlinear dissipative systems, and maintain potential applications in spectroscopy. In the present work, dichromatic breather molecules (DBMs) are created in a synchronized mode-locked fiber laser. Real-time delay-shifting interference spectra are measured to display the temporal evolution of the DBMs, that cannot be observed by means of the usual real-time spectroscopy. As a result, robust out-of-phase vibrations are found as a typical intrinsic mode of DBMs. The same bound states are produced numerically in the framework of a model combining equations for the population inversion in the mode-locked laser and cross-phase-modulation-coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau equations for amplitudes of the optical fields in the fiber segments of the laser cavity. The results demonstrate that the Q-switching instability induces the onset of breathing oscillations. The findings offer new possibilities for the design of various regimes of the operation of ultrafast lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, No. 733 Jianshe San Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 311200
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Ceyear Technologies Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Aiguo Zhang
- Ceyear Technologies Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Ceyear Technologies Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, No. 733 Jianshe San Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 311200
| | - Chenning Tao
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Daru Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, No. 733 Jianshe San Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 311200
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica 1000000, Chile
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Guo Y, Lin W, Wang W, Zhang R, Liu T, Xu Y, Wei X, Yang Z. Unveiling the complexity of spatiotemporal soliton molecules in real time. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2029. [PMID: 37041171 PMCID: PMC10090195 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Observing the dynamics of 3D soliton molecules can hold great opportunities for unveiling the mechanism of molecular complexity and other nonlinear problems. In spite of this fantastic potential, real-time visualization of their dynamics occurring on femtosecond-to-picosecond time scales is still challenging, particularly when high-spatiotemporal-resolution and long-term observation are required. In this work, we observe the real-time speckle-resolved spectral-temporal dynamics of 3D soliton molecules for a long time interval using multispeckle spectral-temporal measurement technology. Diverse real-time dynamics of 3D soliton molecules are captured for the first time, including the speckle-resolved birth, spatiotemporal interaction, and internal vibration of 3D soliton molecules. Further studies show that nonlinear spatiotemporal coupling associated with a large average-chirp gradient over the speckled mode profile plays a significant role in these dynamics. These efforts may shed new light on decomposing the complexity of 3D soliton molecules, and create an analogy between 3D soliton molecules and chemical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Guo
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Runsen Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Research Institute of Future Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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Qin L, Hang C, Shi Z, Qian J, Feng X, Zhang Y, Xia S, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhao X. Soliton molecules and their scattering by a localized P T-symmetric potential in atomic gases. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11116-11131. [PMID: 37155754 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a physical scheme to study the formation of optical soliton molecules (SMs), consisting of two solitons bound together with a π-phase difference, and the scattering of SMs by a localized parity-time (P T)-symmetric potential. In order to stabilize SMs, we apply an additional space-dependent magnetic field to introduce a harmonic trapping potential for the two solitons and balance the repulse interaction induced by the π-phase difference between them. On the other hand, a localized complex optical potential obeying P T symmetry can be created through an incoherent pumping and spatial modulation of the control laser field. We investigate the scattering of optical SMs by the localized P T-symmetric potential, which exhibits evident asymmetric behavior and can be actively controlled by changing the incident velocity of SMs. Moreover, the P T symmetry of the localized potential, together with the interaction between two solitons of the SM, can also have a significant effect on the SM scattering behavior. The results presented here may be useful for understanding the unique properties of SMs and have potential applications in optical information processing and transmission.
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Melchert O, Bose S, Willms S, Babushkin I, Morgner U, Demircan A. Two-color pulse compounds in waveguides with a zero-nonlinearity point. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:518-521. [PMID: 36638499 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We study incoherently coupled two-frequency pulse compounds in waveguides with single zero-dispersion and zero-nonlinearity points. In such waveguides, supported by a negative nonlinearity, soliton dynamics can be obtained even in domains of normal dispersion. We demonstrate trapping of weak pulses by solitary-wave wells, forming nonlinear-photonics meta-atoms, and molecule-like bound-states of pulses. We study the impact of the Raman effect on these pulse compounds, finding that, depending on the precise subpulse configuration, they decelerate, accelerate, or are completely unaffected. Our results extend the range of systems in which two-frequency pulse compounds can be expected to exist and demonstrate further unique and unexpected behavior.
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Melchert O, Demircan A. Incoherent two-color pulse compounds. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5603-5606. [PMID: 34780416 DOI: 10.1364/ol.440567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamical evolution of two-frequency pulse compounds, i.e., intriguing bound-states of light, kept together due to their incoherent interaction. A special class of solutions of such compounds is found to be describable in terms of a simplified model. They entail generalized dispersion Kerr solitons and yield their corresponding metasolitons. We use these solutions to study when the interaction of their constituent pulses is independent of their phase. These results are relevant to understand the complex collision dynamics of quasi-group-velocity-matched solitons across a vast frequency gap.
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Nondegenerate Bright Solitons in Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Systems: Recent Developments on Optical Vector Solitons. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8070258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear dynamics of an optical pulse or a beam continue to be one of the active areas of research in the field of optical solitons. Especially, in multi-mode fibers or fiber arrays and photorefractive materials, the vector solitons display rich nonlinear phenomena. Due to their fascinating and intriguing novel properties, the theory of optical vector solitons has been developed considerably both from theoretical and experimental points of view leading to soliton-based promising potential applications. Mathematically, the dynamics of vector solitons can be understood from the framework of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) family of equations. In the recent past, many types of vector solitons have been identified both in the integrable and non-integrable CNLS framework. In this article, we review some of the recent progress in understanding the dynamics of the so called nondegenerate vector bright solitons in nonlinear optics, where the fundamental soliton can have more than one propagation constant. We address this theme by considering the integrable two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger family of equations, namely the Manakov system, mixed 2-CNLS system (or focusing-defocusing CNLS system), coherently coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CCNLS) system, generalized coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (GCNLS) system and two-component long-wave short-wave resonance interaction (LSRI) system. In these models, we discuss the existence of nondegenerate vector solitons and their associated novel multi-hump geometrical profile nature by deriving their analytical forms through the Hirota bilinear method. Then we reveal the novel collision properties of the nondegenerate solitons in the Manakov system as an example. The asymptotic analysis shows that the nondegenerate solitons, in general, undergo three types of elastic collisions without any energy redistribution among the modes. Furthermore, we show that the energy sharing collision exhibiting vector solitons arises as a special case of the newly reported nondegenerate vector solitons. Finally, we point out the possible further developments in this subject and potential applications.
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Melchert O, Willms S, Morgner U, Babushkin I, Demircan A. Crossover from two-frequency pulse compounds to escaping solitons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11190. [PMID: 34045603 PMCID: PMC8160248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonlinear interaction of copropagating optical solitons enables a large variety of intriguing bound-states of light. We here investigate the interaction dynamics of two initially superimposed fundamental solitons at distinctly different frequencies. Both pulses are located in distinct domains of anomalous dispersion, separated by an interjacent domain of normal dispersion, so that group velocity matching can be achieved despite a vast frequency gap. We demonstrate the existence of two regions with different dynamical behavior. For small velocity mismatch we observe a domain in which a single heteronuclear pulse compound is formed, which is distinct from the usual concept of soliton molecules. The binding mechanism is realized by the mutual cross phase modulation of the interacting pulses. For large velocity mismatch both pulses escape their mutual binding and move away from each other. The crossover phase between these two cases exhibits two localized states with different velocity, consisting of a strong trapping pulse and weak trapped pulse. We detail a simplified theoretical approach which accurately estimates the parameter range in which compound states are formed. This trapping-to-escape transition allows to study the limits of pulse-bonding as a fundamental phenomenon in nonlinear optics, opening up new perspectives for the all-optical manipulation of light by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Melchert
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - S Willms
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - U Morgner
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - I Babushkin
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Demircan
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Ramakrishnan R, Stalin S, Lakshmanan M. Nondegenerate solitons and their collisions in Manakov systems. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042212. [PMID: 33212644 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that the Manakov equation can admit a more general class of nondegenerate vector solitons, which can undergo collision without any intensity redistribution in general among the modes, associated with distinct wave numbers, besides the already-known energy exchanging solitons corresponding to identical wave numbers. In the present comprehensive paper, we discuss in detail the various special features of the reported nondegenerate vector solitons. To bring out these details, we derive the exact forms of such vector one-, two-, and three-soliton solutions through Hirota bilinear method and they are rewritten in more compact forms using Gram determinants. The presence of distinct wave numbers allows the nondegenerate fundamental soliton to admit various profiles such as double-hump, flat-top, and single-hump structures. We explain the formation of double-hump structure in the fundamental soliton when the relative velocity of the two modes tends to zero. More critical analysis shows that the nondegenerate fundamental solitons can undergo shape-preserving as well as shape-altering collisions under appropriate conditions. The shape-changing collision occurs between the modes of nondegenerate solitons when the parameters are fixed suitably. Then we observe the coexistence of degenerate and nondegenerate solitons when the wave numbers are restricted appropriately in the obtained two-soliton solution. In such a situation we find the degenerate soliton induces shape-changing behavior of nondegenerate soliton during the collision process. By performing suitable asymptotic analysis we analyze the consequences that occur in each of the collision scenario. Finally, we point out that the previously known class of energy-exchanging vector bright solitons, with identical wave numbers, turns out to be a special case of nondegenerate solitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Nonlinear Dynamics, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India
| | - S Stalin
- Department of Nonlinear Dynamics, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India
| | - M Lakshmanan
- Department of Nonlinear Dynamics, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India
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Melchert O, Yulin A, Demircan A. Dynamics of localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato-Lefever model with negative quartic group-velocity dispersion. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2764-2767. [PMID: 32412461 DOI: 10.1364/ol.392180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato-Lefever equation, exhibiting normal group-velocity dispersion and anomalous quartic group-velocity dispersion. In the conservative system, this parameter-regime has proven to enable generalized dispersion Kerr solitons. Here, we demonstrate via numerical simulations that our dissipative system also exhibits equivalent localized states, including special molecule-like two-color bound states recently reported. We investigate their generation, characterize the observed steady-state solution, and analyze their propagation dynamics under perturbations.
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