1
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Zhang T, Cai Z. Quantum Slush State in Rydberg Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:206503. [PMID: 38829080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.206503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we propose an exotic quantum state that does not order at zero temperature in a Rydberg atom array with antiblockade mechanism. By performing an unbiased large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulation, we investigate a minimal model with facilitated excitation in a disorder-free system. At zero temperature, this model exhibits a heterogeneous structure of liquid and glass mixture. This state, dubbed quantum slush state, features a quasi-long-range order with an algebraic decay for its correlation function, and is different from most well-established quantum phases of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhou Zhang
- Wilczek Quantum Center and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zi Cai
- Wilczek Quantum Center and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Boddeti AK, Wang Y, Juarez XG, Boltasseva A, Odom TW, Shalaev V, Alaeian H, Jacob Z. Reducing Effective System Dimensionality with Long-Range Collective Dipole-Dipole Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:173803. [PMID: 38728721 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.173803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Dimensionality plays a crucial role in long-range dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs). We demonstrate that a resonant nanophotonic structure modifies the apparent dimensionality in an interacting ensemble of emitters, as revealed by population decay dynamics. Our measurements on a dense ensemble of interacting quantum emitters in a resonant nanophotonic structure with long-range DDIs reveal an effective dimensionality reduction to d[over ¯]=2.20(12), despite the emitters being distributed in 3D. This contrasts with the homogeneous environment, where the apparent dimension is d[over ¯]=3.00. Our work presents a promising avenue to manipulate dimensionality in an ensemble of interacting emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin K Boddeti
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Xitlali G Juarez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Teri W Odom
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Vladimir Shalaev
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Hadiseh Alaeian
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Zubin Jacob
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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3
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Roos M, Muhl IF, Schmidt M, Morais CV, Zimmer FM. Effects of third-neighbor interactions on the frustrated quantum Ising model. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014144. [PMID: 38366410 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigate thermal and quantum phase transitions of the J_{1}-J_{2}-J_{3} transverse Ising model on the square lattice. The model is studied within a cluster mean-field decoupling, which allows us to describe phase diagrams and the free-energy landscape in the neighborhood of phase transitions. Our findings indicate that the third-neighbor coupling (J_{3}) can affect the nature of phase transitions of the model. In particular, ferromagnetic third-neighbor couplings favor the onset of continuous order-disorder phase transitions, eliminating the tricritical point of the superantiferromagnetic-paramagnetic (SAFM-PM) phase boundary. On the other hand, the enhancement of frustration introduced by weak antiferromagnetic J_{3} gives rise to the staggered dimer phase favoring the onset of discontinuous classical phase transitions. Moreover, we find that quantum annealed criticality (QAC), which takes place when the classical discontinuous phase transition becomes critical by the enhancement of quantum fluctuations introduced by the transverse magnetic field, is eliminated from the SAFM-PM phase boundary by a relatively weak ferromagnetic J_{3}. Nevertheless, this change in the nature of phase transitions can still be observed in the presence of antiferromagnetic third-neighbor couplings being also found in the staggered-dimer phase boundary. Therefore, our findings support that QAC persists under the presence of frustrated antiferromagnetic third-neighbor couplings and is suppressed when these couplings are ferromagnetic, suggesting that frustration plays a central role in the onset of QAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - I F Muhl
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Schmidt
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C V Morais
- Instituto de Física e Matemática - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F M Zimmer
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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4
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Zeybek Z, Mukherjee R, Schmelcher P. Quantum Phases from Competing Van der Waals and Dipole-Dipole Interactions of Rydberg Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:203003. [PMID: 38039461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Competing short- and long-range interactions represent distinguished ingredients for the formation of complex quantum many-body phases. Their study is hard to realize with conventional quantum simulators. In this regard, Rydberg atoms provide an exception as their excited manifold of states have both density-density and exchange interactions whose strength and range can vary considerably. Focusing on one-dimensional systems, we leverage the Van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions of the Rydberg atoms to obtain the zero-temperature phase diagram for a uniform chain and a dimer model. For the uniform chain, we can influence the boundaries between ordered phases and a Luttinger liquid phase. For the dimerized case, a new type of bond-order-density-wave phase is identified. This demonstrates the versatility of the Rydberg platform in studying physics involving short- and long-ranged interactions simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Zeybek
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rick Mukherjee
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmelcher
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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O'Rourke MJ, Chan GKL. Entanglement in the quantum phases of an unfrustrated Rydberg atom array. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5397. [PMID: 37669950 PMCID: PMC10480489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental advances have stimulated interest in the use of large, two-dimensional arrays of Rydberg atoms as a platform for quantum information processing and to study exotic many-body quantum states. However, the native long-range interactions between the atoms complicate experimental analysis and precise theoretical understanding of these systems. Here we use new tensor network algorithms capable of including all long-range interactions to study the ground state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a geometrically unfrustrated square lattice array. We find a greatly altered phase diagram from earlier numerical and experimental studies, revealed by studying the phases on the bulk lattice and their analogs in experiment-sized finite arrays. We further describe a previously unknown region with a nematic phase stabilized by short-range entanglement and an order from disorder mechanism. Broadly our results yield a conceptual guide for future experiments, while our techniques provide a blueprint for converging numerical studies in other lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J O'Rourke
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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6
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Mendes-Santos T, Schmitt M, Heyl M. Highly Resolved Spectral Functions of Two-Dimensional Systems with Neural Quantum States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:046501. [PMID: 37566857 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.046501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Spectral functions are central to link experimental probes to theoretical models in condensed matter physics. However, performing exact numerical calculations for interacting quantum matter has remained a key challenge especially beyond one spatial dimension. In this work, we develop a versatile approach using neural quantum states to obtain spectral properties based on simulations of the dynamics of excitations initially localized in real or momentum space. We apply this approach to compute the dynamical structure factor in the vicinity of quantum critical points (QCPs) of different two-dimensional quantum Ising models, including one that describes the complex density wave orders of Rydberg atom arrays. When combined with deep network architectures we find that our method reliably describes dynamical structure factors of arrays with up to 24×24 spins, including the diverging timescales at critical points. Our approach is broadly applicable to interacting quantum lattice models in two dimensions and consequently opens up a route to compute spectral properties of correlated quantum matter in yet inaccessible regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Mendes-Santos
- Theoretical Physics III, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Markus Schmitt
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institute, Quantum Control (PGI-8), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Heyl
- Theoretical Physics III, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
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7
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Yan Z, Wang YC, Samajdar R, Sachdev S, Meng ZY. Emergent Glassy Behavior in a Kagome Rydberg Atom Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:206501. [PMID: 37267547 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.206501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulation results on a realistic Hamiltonian of kagome-lattice Rydberg atom arrays. Although the system has no intrinsic disorder, intriguingly, our analyses of static and dynamic properties on large system sizes reveal emergent glassy behavior in a region of parameter space located between two valence bond solid phases. The extent of this glassy region is demarcated using the Edwards-Anderson order parameter, and its phase transitions to the two proximate valence bond solids-as well as the crossover towards a trivial paramagnetic phase-are identified. We demonstrate the intrinsically slow (imaginary) time dynamics deep inside the glassy phase and discuss experimental considerations for detecting such a quantum disordered phase with numerous nearly degenerate local minima. Our proposal paves a new route to the study of real-time glassy phenomena and highlights the potential for quantum simulation of a distinct phase of quantum matter beyond solids and liquids in current-generation Rydberg platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yan
- Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Wang
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhongfa Aviation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Rhine Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Subir Sachdev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Zi Yang Meng
- Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Yu XJ, Ding C, Xu L. Quantum criticality of a Z_{3}-symmetric spin chain with long-range interactions. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:054122. [PMID: 37329095 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.054122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on large-scale density matrix renormalization group techniques, we investigate the critical behaviors of quantum three-state Potts chains with long-range interactions. Using fidelity susceptibility as an indicator, we obtain a complete phase diagram of the system. The results show that as the long-range interaction power α increases, the critical points f_{c}^{*} shift towards lower values. In addition, the critical threshold α_{c}(≈1.43) of the long-range interaction power is obtained for the first time by a nonperturbative numerical method. This indicates that the critical behavior of the system can be naturally divided into two distinct universality classes, namely the long-range (α<α_{c}) and short-range (α>α_{c}) universality classes, qualitatively consistent with the classical ϕ^{3} effective field theory. This work provides a useful reference for further research on phase transitions in quantum spin chains with long-range interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jia Yu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengxiang Ding
- School of Science and Engineering of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Limei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
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9
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Samajdar R, Joshi DG, Teng Y, Sachdev S. Emergent Z_{2} Gauge Theories and Topological Excitations in Rydberg Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:043601. [PMID: 36763444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strongly interacting arrays of Rydberg atoms provide versatile platforms for exploring exotic many-body phases and dynamics of correlated quantum systems. Motivated by recent experimental advances, we show that the combination of Rydberg interactions and appropriate lattice geometries naturally leads to emergent Z_{2} gauge theories endowed with matter fields. Based on this mapping, we describe how Rydberg platforms could realize two distinct classes of topological Z_{2} quantum spin liquids, which differ in their patterns of translational symmetry fractionalization. We also discuss the natures of the fractionalized excitations of these Z_{2} spin liquid states using both fermionic and bosonic parton theories and illustrate their rich interplay with proximate solid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhine Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Darshan G Joshi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Yanting Teng
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Subir Sachdev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
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10
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Yang S, Xu JB. Density-wave-ordered phases of Rydberg atoms on a honeycomb lattice. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034121. [PMID: 36266797 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rydberg atom arrays have recently emerged to be a promising platform for the exploration of exotic quantum phases of matter and quantum phenomena. In this work, we map out the ground-state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms on a honeycomb lattice as a function of the Rydberg blockade radius and the laser detuning by performing large-scale finite-size density matrix renormalization group simulations. Apart from a featureless disordered phase, we find five other intricate long-range density-wave-ordered phases within a relatively wide parameter space. The properties of these quantum phases are analyzed by calculating their Rydberg excitation profiles and static structure factors. In addition, a continuous quantum phase transition belonging to the (2+1)-dimensional Ising universality class is explored by a standard finite-size scaling analysis. Our work implies some different physics, such as the possible nontrivial quantum phase transitions and a highly degenerate string ordered phase, that a honeycomb geometry could bring to the Rydberg system and serves as a numerical guide for possible real experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing-Bo Xu
- Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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11
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Li CX, Yang S, Xu JB. Quantum phases of Rydberg atoms on a frustrated triangular-lattice array. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1093-1096. [PMID: 35230299 DOI: 10.1364/ol.450855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The neutral atoms coupled to a highly excited Rydberg state on a two-dimensional triangular lattice are investigated by employing the density matrix renormalization group technique in the matrix product state form. The full ground-state phase diagram as a function of blockade radius and the detuning of the exciting laser is determined by the behavior of entanglement entropy. We find several quantum phases including stripe-ordered and symmetry-breaking density-wave-ordered phases featured with regular excitation patterns of different excitation densities ρ = 1/3, 1/4, and 1/7. In addition, a ρ = 2/3 ordered phase and an interesting "order-by-disorder" phase, which has been prepared experimentally, are also observed in this work. Our work provides an exploration of the possible quantum phases that can occur in a triangularly arrayed Rydberg system, and thus could be a faithful theoretical guide for further experimental research.
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12
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Li K, Wang JH, Yang YB, Xu Y. Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases in a Rydberg Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:263004. [PMID: 35029461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.263004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent theoretical studies predict that structural disorder, serving as a bridge connecting a crystalline material to an amorphous material, can induce a topological insulator from a trivial phase. However, to experimentally observe such a topological phase transition is very challenging due to the difficulty in controlling structural disorder in a quantum material. Given experimental realization of randomly positioned Rydberg atoms, such a system is naturally suited to studying structural disorder induced topological phase transitions and topological amorphous phases. Motivated by the development, we study topological phases in an experimentally accessible one-dimensional amorphous Rydberg atom chain with random atom configurations. In the single-particle level, we find symmetry-protected topological amorphous insulators and a structural disorder induced topological phase transition, indicating that Rydberg atoms provide an ideal platform to experimentally observe the phenomenon using state-of-the-art technologies. Furthermore, we predict the existence of a gapless symmetry-protected topological phase of interacting bosons in the experimentally accessible system. The resultant many-body topological amorphous phase is characterized by a Z_{2} invariant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong-Hao Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bin Yang
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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13
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Li CX, Yang S, Xu JB. Multipartite entanglement and quantum criticality of Rydberg atoms trapped in a two-dimensional optical lattice. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4698-4701. [PMID: 34525085 DOI: 10.1364/ol.434496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the multipartite entanglement and quantum criticality of neutral atoms on a two-dimensional square lattice, interacting via laser excitation to atom Rydberg states. It is found that the first derivative of residual entanglement with respect to detuning has peaks near the critical point, and corresponding critical behaviors are shown to obey conventional finite-sized scaling, from which we numerically determine the quantum critical point and the critical exponent of the associated correlation length. We also show that there is a sharp peak in the fidelity susceptibility near the critical point, and the critical exponent of the associated correlation length is obtained based on the finite size analysis.
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14
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Quantum simulation of 2D antiferromagnets with hundreds of Rydberg atoms. Nature 2021; 595:233-238. [PMID: 34234335 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quantum simulation using synthetic systems is a promising route to solve outstanding quantum many-body problems in regimes where other approaches, including numerical ones, fail1. Many platforms are being developed towards this goal, in particular based on trapped ions2-4, superconducting circuits5-7, neutral atoms8-11 or molecules12,13. All of these platforms face two key challenges: scaling up the ensemble size while retaining high-quality control over the parameters, and validating the outputs for these large systems. Here we use programmable arrays of individual atoms trapped in optical tweezers, with interactions controlled by laser excitation to Rydberg states11, to implement an iconic many-body problem-the antiferromagnetic two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model. We push this platform to a regime with up to 196 atoms manipulated with high fidelity and probe the antiferromagnetic order by dynamically tuning the parameters of the Hamiltonian. We illustrate the versatility of our platform by exploring various system sizes on two qualitatively different geometries-square and triangular arrays. We obtain good agreement with numerical calculations up to a computationally feasible size (approximately 100 particles). This work demonstrates that our platform can be readily used to address open questions in many-body physics.
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15
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Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quantum simulator. Nature 2021; 595:227-232. [PMID: 34234334 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by far-reaching applications ranging from quantum simulations of complex processes in physics and chemistry to quantum information processing1, a broad effort is currently underway to build large-scale programmable quantum systems. Such systems provide insights into strongly correlated quantum matter2-6, while at the same time enabling new methods for computation7-10 and metrology11. Here we demonstrate a programmable quantum simulator based on deterministically prepared two-dimensional arrays of neutral atoms, featuring strong interactions controlled by coherent atomic excitation into Rydberg states12. Using this approach, we realize a quantum spin model with tunable interactions for system sizes ranging from 64 to 256 qubits. We benchmark the system by characterizing high-fidelity antiferromagnetically ordered states and demonstrating quantum critical dynamics consistent with an Ising quantum phase transition in (2 + 1) dimensions13. We then create and study several new quantum phases that arise from the interplay between interactions and coherent laser excitation14, experimentally map the phase diagram and investigate the role of quantum fluctuations. Offering a new lens into the study of complex quantum matter, these observations pave the way for investigations of exotic quantum phases, non-equilibrium entanglement dynamics and hardware-efficient realization of quantum algorithms.
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17
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Felser T, Notarnicola S, Montangero S. Efficient Tensor Network Ansatz for High-Dimensional Quantum Many-Body Problems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:170603. [PMID: 33988416 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel tensor network structure augmenting the well-established tree tensor network representation of a quantum many-body wave function. The new structure satisfies the area law in high dimensions remaining efficiently manipulatable and scalable. We benchmark this novel approach against paradigmatic two-dimensional spin models demonstrating unprecedented precision and system sizes. Finally, we compute the ground state phase diagram of two-dimensional lattice Rydberg atoms in optical tweezers observing nontrivial phases and quantum phase transitions, providing realistic benchmarks for current and future two-dimensional quantum simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Felser
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Notarnicola
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technology Research Center, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technology Research Center, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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18
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Zaletel MP, Kaufman A, Stamper-Kurn DM, Yao NY. Preparation of Low Entropy Correlated Many-Body States via Conformal Cooling Quenches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:103401. [PMID: 33784144 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a method for preparing low entropy many-body states in isolated quantum optical systems of atoms, ions, and molecules. Our approach is based upon shifting entropy between different regions of a system by spatially modulating the magnitude of the effective Hamiltonian. We conduct two case studies, on a topological spin chain and the spinful fermionic Hubbard model, focusing on the key question: can a "conformal cooling quench" remove sufficient entropy within experimentally accessible timescales? Finite-temperature, time-dependent matrix product state calculations reveal that even moderately sized bath regions can remove enough energy and entropy density to expose coherent low-temperature physics. The protocol is particularly natural in systems with long-range interactions, such as lattice-trapped polar molecules and Rydberg-excited atoms, where the magnitude of the Hamiltonian scales directly with the interparticle spacing. To this end, we propose simple, near-term implementations of conformal cooling quenches in systems of atoms or molecules, where signatures of low-temperature phases may be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Zaletel
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adam Kaufman
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Norman Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Samajdar R, Ho WW, Pichler H, Lukin MD, Sachdev S. Quantum phases of Rydberg atoms on a kagome lattice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015785118. [PMID: 33468679 PMCID: PMC7848540 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015785118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze the zero-temperature phases of an array of neutral atoms on the kagome lattice, interacting via laser excitation to atomic Rydberg states. Density-matrix renormalization group calculations reveal the presence of a wide variety of complex solid phases with broken lattice symmetries. In addition, we identify a regime with dense Rydberg excitations that has a large entanglement entropy and no local order parameter associated with lattice symmetries. From a mapping to the triangular lattice quantum dimer model, and theories of quantum phase transitions out of the proximate solid phases, we argue that this regime could contain one or more phases with topological order. Our results provide the foundation for theoretical and experimental explorations of crystalline and liquid states using programmable quantum simulators based on Rydberg atom arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhine Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
| | - Wen Wei Ho
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hannes Pichler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Subir Sachdev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
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20
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Krapivsky PL. Large deviations in one-dimensional random sequential adsorption. Phys Rev E 2021; 102:062108. [PMID: 33466003 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In random sequential adsorption (RSA), objects are deposited randomly, irreversibly, and sequentially; attempts leading to an overlap with previously deposited objects are discarded. The process continues until the system reaches a jammed state when no further additions are possible. We analyze a class of lattice RSA models in which landing on an empty site in a segment is allowed when at least b neighboring sites on the left and the right are unoccupied. For the minimal model (b=1), we compute the full counting statistics of the occupation number. We reduce the determination of the full counting statistics to a Riccati equation that appears analytically solvable only when b=1. We develop a perturbation procedure which, in principle, allows one to determine cumulants consecutively, and we compute the variance of the occupation number for all b.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Krapivsky
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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