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Ciardi M, Cinti F, Pellicane G, Prestipino S. Supersolid Phases of Bosonic Particles in a Bubble Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:026001. [PMID: 38277582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Confinement can have a considerable effect on the behavior of particle systems and is therefore an effective way to discover new phenomena. A notable example is a system of identical bosons at low temperature under an external field mimicking an isotropic bubble trap, which constrains the particles to a portion of space close to a spherical surface. Using path integral Monte Carlo simulations, we examine the spatial structure and superfluid fraction in two emblematic cases. First, we look at soft-core bosons, finding the existence of supersolid cluster arrangements with polyhedral symmetry; we show how different numbers of clusters are stabilized depending on the trap radius and the particle mass, and we characterize the temperature behavior of the cluster phases. A detailed comparison with the behavior of classical soft-core particles is provided too. Then, we examine the case, of more immediate experimental interest, of a dipolar condensate on the sphere, demonstrating how a quasi-one-dimensional supersolid of clusters is formed on a great circle for realistic values of density and interaction parameters. Crucially, this supersolid phase is only slightly disturbed by gravity. We argue that the predicted phases can be revealed in magnetic traps with spherical-shell geometry, possibly even in a lab on Earth. Our results pave the way for future simulation studies of correlated quantum systems in curved geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ciardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Fabio Cinti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Giuseppe Pellicane
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 37-98158, Messina, Italy
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- National Institute of Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NIThECS), 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Santi Prestipino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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A space-based quantum gas laboratory at picokelvin energy scales. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7889. [PMID: 36550117 PMCID: PMC9780313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultracold quantum gases are ideal sources for high-precision space-borne sensing as proposed for Earth observation, relativistic geodesy and tests of fundamental physical laws as well as for studying new phenomena in many-body physics during extended free fall. Here we report on experiments with the Cold Atom Lab aboard the International Space Station, where we have achieved exquisite control over the quantum state of single 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates paving the way for future high-precision measurements. In particular, we have applied fast transport protocols to shuttle the atomic cloud over a millimeter distance with sub-micrometer accuracy and subsequently drastically reduced the total expansion energy to below 100 pK with matter-wave lensing techniques.
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Jia F, Huang Z, Qiu L, Zhou R, Yan Y, Wang D. Expansion Dynamics of a Shell-Shaped Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:243402. [PMID: 36563247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.243402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation of a shell BEC in the presence of Earth's gravity with immiscible dual-species BECs of sodium and rubidium atoms. After minimizing the displacement between the centers of mass of the two BECs with a magic-wavelength optical dipole trap, the interspecies repulsive interaction ensures the formation of a closed shell of sodium atoms with its center filled by rubidium atoms. Releasing the double BEC together from the trap, we observe explosion of the filled shell accompanied by energy transfer from the inner BEC to the shell BEC. With the inner BEC removed, we obtain a hollow shell BEC that shows self-interference as a manifestation of implosion. Our results pave an alternative way for investigating many of the intriguing physics offered by shell BECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zerong Huang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liyuan Qiu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rongzi Zhou
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yangqian Yan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057 Shenzhen, China
| | - Dajun Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057 Shenzhen, China
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Carollo RA, Aveline DC, Rhyno B, Vishveshwara S, Lannert C, Murphree JD, Elliott ER, Williams JR, Thompson RJ, Lundblad N. Observation of ultracold atomic bubbles in orbital microgravity. Nature 2022; 606:281-286. [PMID: 35585238 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Substantial leaps in the understanding of quantum systems have been driven by exploring geometry, topology, dimensionality and interactions in ultracold atomic ensembles1-6. A system where atoms evolve while confined on an ellipsoidal surface represents a heretofore unexplored geometry and topology. Realizing an ultracold bubble-potentially Bose-Einstein condensed-relates to areas of interest including quantized-vortex flow constrained to a closed surface topology, collective modes and self-interference via bubble expansion7-17. Large ultracold bubbles, created by inflating smaller condensates, directly tie into Hubble-analogue expansion physics18-20. Here we report observations from the NASA Cold Atom Lab21 facility onboard the International Space Station of bubbles of ultracold atoms created using a radiofrequency-dressing protocol. We observe bubble configurations of varying size and initial temperature, and explore bubble thermodynamics, demonstrating substantial cooling associated with inflation. We achieve partial coverings of bubble traps greater than one millimetre in size with ultracold films of inferred few-micrometre thickness, and we observe the dynamics of shell structures projected into free-evolving harmonic confinement. The observations are among the first measurements made with ultracold atoms in space, using perpetual freefall to explore quantum systems that are prohibitively difficult to create on Earth. This work heralds future studies (in orbital microgravity) of the Bose-Einstein condensed bubble, the character of its excitations and the role of topology in its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Carollo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bates College, Lewiston, ME, USA
| | - D C Aveline
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - B Rhyno
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - S Vishveshwara
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - C Lannert
- Department of Physics, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J D Murphree
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bates College, Lewiston, ME, USA
| | - E R Elliott
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J R Williams
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - R J Thompson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - N Lundblad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bates College, Lewiston, ME, USA.
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Ciardi M, Macrì T, Cinti F. Zonal Estimators for Quasiperiodic Bosonic Many-Body Phases. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24020265. [PMID: 35205559 PMCID: PMC8871071 DOI: 10.3390/e24020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we explore the relevant methodology for the investigation of interacting systems with contact interactions, and we introduce a class of zonal estimators for path-integral Monte Carlo methods, designed to provide physical information about limited regions of inhomogeneous systems. We demonstrate the usefulness of zonal estimators by their application to a system of trapped bosons in a quasiperiodic potential in two dimensions, focusing on finite temperature properties across a wide range of values of the potential. Finally, we comment on the generalization of such estimators to local fluctuations of the particle numbers and to magnetic ordering in multi-component systems, spin systems, and systems with nonlocal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ciardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Tommaso Macrì
- Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental and International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil;
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (ITAMP), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fabio Cinti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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Kanai T, Guo W. True Mechanism of Spontaneous Order from Turbulence in Two-Dimensional Superfluid Manifolds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:095301. [PMID: 34506186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.095301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In a 2D turbulent fluid containing pointlike vortices, Lars Onsager predicted that adding energy to the fluid can lead to the formation of persistent clusters of like-signed vortices, i.e., Onsager vortex (OV) clusters. In the evolution of 2D superfluid turbulence in a uniform disk-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), it was discovered that a pair of OV clusters with opposite signs can form without any energy input. This striking spontaneous order was explained as being due to a vortex evaporative-heating mechanism, i.e., annihilations of vortex-antivortex pairs which remove the lowest-energy vortices and thereby boost the mean energy per vortex. However, in our search for exotic OV states in a boundaryless 2D spherical BEC, we found that OV clusters never form despite the annihilations of vortex pairs. Our analysis reveals that contrary to the general belief, vortex-pair annihilation emits intense sound waves, which damp the motion of all vortices and hence suppress the formation of OV clusters. We also present unequivocal evidence showing that the true mechanism underlying the observed spontaneous OV state is the vortices exiting the BEC boundaries. Uncovering this mechanism paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of emergent vortex orders in 2D manifolds of superfluids driven far from equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kanai
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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Dlamini N, Prestipino S, Pellicane G. Self-Assembled Structures of Colloidal Dimers and Disks on a Spherical Surface. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:585. [PMID: 34065124 PMCID: PMC8151720 DOI: 10.3390/e23050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We study self-assembly on a spherical surface of a model for a binary mixture of amphiphilic dimers in the presence of guest particles via Monte Carlo (MC) computer simulation. All particles had a hard core, but one monomer of the dimer also interacted with the guest particle by means of a short-range attractive potential. We observed the formation of aggregates of various shapes as a function of the composition of the mixture and of the size of guest particles. Our MC simulations are a further step towards a microscopic understanding of experiments on colloidal aggregation over curved surfaces, such as oil droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkosinathi Dlamini
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal and National Institute of Theoretical Physics (NIThEP), Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa;
| | - Santi Prestipino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche ed Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pellicane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal and National Institute of Theoretical Physics (NIThEP), Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 98158 Messina, Italy
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Brooks M, Lemeshko M, Lundholm D, Yakaboylu E. Molecular Impurities as a Realization of Anyons on the Two-Sphere. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:015301. [PMID: 33480760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.015301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the experimental realization of two-dimensional anyons in terms of quasiparticles have been restricted, so far, to only anyons on the plane. It is known, however, that the geometry and topology of space can have significant effects on quantum statistics for particles moving on it. Here, we have undertaken the first step toward realizing the emerging fractional statistics for particles restricted to move on the sphere instead of on the plane. We show that such a model arises naturally in the context of quantum impurity problems. In particular, we demonstrate a setup in which the lowest-energy spectrum of two linear bosonic or fermionic molecules immersed in a quantum many-particle environment can coincide with the anyonic spectrum on the sphere. This paves the way toward the experimental realization of anyons on the sphere using molecular impurities. Furthermore, since a change in the alignment of the molecules corresponds to the exchange of the particles on the sphere, such a realization reveals a novel type of exclusion principle for molecular impurities, which could also be of use as a powerful technique to measure the statistics parameter. Finally, our approach opens up a simple numerical route to investigate the spectra of many anyons on the sphere. Accordingly, we present the spectrum of two anyons on the sphere in the presence of a Dirac monopole field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brooks
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - M Lemeshko
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - D Lundholm
- Department of Mathematics, Uppsala University, Box 480, SE-751 06 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Yakaboylu
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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