1
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Xiao Y, Qian S, Bai Q, Wen H, Geng Y, Wang Y, Lai H, Yao B, Qiu K, Xu J, Zhou H. Optimizing auxiliary laser heating for Kerr soliton microcomb generation. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1129-1132. [PMID: 38426955 DOI: 10.1364/ol.513721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Auxiliary laser heating has become a widely adopted method for Kerr soliton frequency comb generation in optical microcavities, thanks to its reliable and easy-to-achieve merits for solving the thermal instability during the formation of dissipative Kerr solitons. Here, we conduct optimization of auxiliary laser heating by leveraging the distinct loss and absorption characteristics of different longitudinal and polarization cavity modes. We show that even if the auxiliary and pump lasers enter orthogonal polarization modes, their mutual photothermal balance can be efficient enough to maintain a cavity thermal equilibrium as the pump laser enters the red-detuning soliton regime, and by choosing the most suitable resonance for the auxiliary and pump lasers, the auxiliary laser power can be reduced to 20% of the pump laser and still be capable of warranting soliton generation. Moreover, we demonstrate soliton comb generation using integrated laser modules with a few milliwatt on-chip pump and auxiliary powers, showcasing the potential for further chip integration of the auxiliary laser heating method.
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2
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Zhang M, Ding S, Li X, Pu K, Lei S, Xiao M, Jiang X. Strong interactions between solitons and background light in Brillouin-Kerr microcombs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1661. [PMID: 38395966 PMCID: PMC10891115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissipative Kerr-soliton combs are laser pulses regularly sustained by a localized solitary wave on top of a continuous-wave background inside a nonlinear resonator. Usually, the intrinsic interactions between the background light and solitons are weak and localized. Here, we demonstrate a strong interaction between the generated soliton comb and the background light in a Brillouin-Kerr microcomb system. This strong interaction enables the generation of a monostable single-soliton microcomb on a silicon chip. Also, new phenomena related to soliton physics including solitons hopping between different states as well as controlling the formations of the soliton states by the pump power, are observed owing to such strong interaction. Utilizing this monostable single-soliton microcomb, we achieve the 100% deterministic turnkey operation successfully without any feedback controls. Importantly, it allows to output turnkey ultra-low-noise microwave signals using a free-running pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shulin Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Keren Pu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shujian Lei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoshun Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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3
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Ding Y, Wei Z, Wang Y, Yang C, Bao C. Theoretical Analysis of Microcavity Simultons Reinforced by χ^{(2)} and χ^{(3)} Nonlinearities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:013801. [PMID: 38242661 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.013801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
High-Q microcavities with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities add lots of versatility in controlling microcombs. Here, we study microcavity simulton and soliton dynamics reinforced by both χ^{(2)} and χ^{(3)} nonlinearities in a continuously pumped microcavity. Theoretical analysis based on the Lagrangian approach reveals the soliton peak power and gain-loss balance are impacted by the flat part of the intracavity pump, while the dark-pulse part of the pump leads to a nearly constant soliton group velocity change. We also derived a soliton conversion efficiency upper limit that is fully determined by the coupling condition and the quantum-limited soliton timing jitter in the χ^{(2,3)} system. Numerical simulations confirm the analytical results. Our theory is particularly useful for investigating AlN microcombs and sheds light on the interplay between χ^{(2)} and χ^{(3)} nonlinearities within microcavity simultons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengying Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Nie M, Musgrave J, Jia K, Bartos J, Zhu S, Xie Z, Huang SW. Turnkey photonic flywheel in a microresonator-filtered laser. Nat Commun 2024; 15:55. [PMID: 38168081 PMCID: PMC10761980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) microcomb has emerged as an enabling technology that revolutionizes a wide range of applications in both basic science and technological innovation. Reliable turnkey operation with sub-optical-cycle and sub-femtosecond timing jitter is key to the success of many intriguing microcomb applications at the intersection of ultrafast optics and microwave electronics. Here we propose an approach and demonstrate the first turnkey Brillouin-DKS frequency comb to the best of our knowledge. Our microresonator-filtered laser design offers essential benefits, including phase insensitivity, self-healing capability, deterministic selection of the DKS state, and access to the ultralow noise comb state. The demonstrated turnkey Brillouin-DKS frequency comb achieves a fundamental comb linewidth of 100 mHz and DKS timing jitter of 1 femtosecond for averaging times up to 56 μs. The approach is universal and generalizable to various device platforms for user-friendly and field-deployable comb devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Nie
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
| | - Jonathan Musgrave
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jan Bartos
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
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5
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Bunel T, Ziani Z, Conforti M, Lumeau J, Moreau A, Fernandez A, Llopis O, Bourcier G, Perego AM, Mussot A. Impact of pump pulse duration on modulation instability Kerr frequency combs in fiber Fabry-Pérot resonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5955-5958. [PMID: 37966761 DOI: 10.1364/ol.506100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental investigation on the impact of the pump pulse duration on the modulation instability process in fiber Fabry-Pérot resonators. We demonstrate that cross-phase modulation between the forward and the backward waves alters significantly the modulation instability process. By varying the pump pulse duration, we show the modification of the modulation instability threshold and frequency. These experimental observations are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
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6
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Do IH, Suk D, Jeong D, Go S, Ko K, Hong HG, Yu DH, Lee JH, Lee H. Spontaneous soliton mode-locking of a microcomb assisted by Raman scattering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:29321-29330. [PMID: 37710735 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We successfully control the interaction dynamics between optical parametric oscillation (OPO) and stimulated Raman scattering, leading to the generation of distinct frequency comb states in a microresonator. Through Raman-scattered photons, a Raman comb with a sech2 envelope is demonstrated having a broad RF beat note linewidth of several hundred kHz. Moreover, under a specific coupling regime, we successfully generate self-locked Raman single-solitons which is confirmed by a narrow RF beat note of 25 Hz. Remarkably, this spontaneous Raman soliton is deterministically generated through adiabatic pump frequency detuning without the requirement of external locking mechanisms. Additionally, we identify a frequency comb with an unconventional envelope that can be fitted with a Lorentzian × sech2 function, generated via an anti-Stokes process with respect to the Raman comb.
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7
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Yu S, Fang Z, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Huang Q, Liu J, Wu R, Zhang H, Wang M, Cheng Y. On-chip single-mode thin-film lithium niobate Fabry-Perot resonator laser based on Sagnac loop reflectors. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2660-2663. [PMID: 37186734 DOI: 10.1364/ol.484387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an on-chip single-mode Er3+-doped thin-film lithium niobate (Er:TFLN) laser which consists of a Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator based on Sagnac loop reflectors (SLRs). The fabricated Er:TFLN laser has a footprint of 6.5 mm × 1.5 mm with a loaded quality (Q) factor of 1.6 × 105 and a free spectral range (FSR) of 63 pm. We generate the single-mode laser at 1544 nm wavelength with a maximum output power of 44.7 µW and a slope efficiency of 0.18%.
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Zhang H, Tan T, Chen HJ, Yu Y, Wang W, Chang B, Liang Y, Guo Y, Zhou H, Xia H, Gong Q, Wong CW, Rao Y, Xiao YF, Yao B. Soliton Microcombs Multiplexing Using Intracavity-Stimulated Brillouin Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:153802. [PMID: 37115887 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.153802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Solitons in microresonators have spurred intriguing nonlinear optical physics and photonic applications. Here, by combining Kerr and Brillouin nonlinearities in an over-modal microcavity, we demonstrate spatial multiplexing of soliton microcombs under a single external laser pumping operation. This demonstration offers an ideal scheme to realize highly coherent dual-comb sources in a compact, low-cost and energy-efficient manner, with uniquely low beating noise. Moreover, by selecting the dual-comb modes, the repetition rate difference of a dual-comb pair could be flexibly switched, ranging from 8.5 to 212 MHz. Beyond dual-comb, the high-density mode geometry allows the cascaded Brillouin lasers, driving the co-generation of up to 5 space-multiplexing frequency combs in distinct mode families. This Letter offers a novel physics paradigm for comb interferometry and provides a widely appropriate tool for versatile applications such as comb metrology, spectroscopy, and ranging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Teng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hao-Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Wenting Wang
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Bing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yupei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Handing Xia
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academic of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chee Wei Wong
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yunjiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Shi Y, Wang T, Hao YZ, Bai HY, Yang YD, Xiao JL, Chen YL, Huang YZ. Wideband multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser with switchable channel spacing. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:2130-2136. [PMID: 37133102 DOI: 10.1364/ao.484122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser (MBFL) with a switchable channel spacing is demonstrated using a 1.55-µm single-mode AlGaInAs/InP hybrid square-rectangular laser as a seeding source. The scheme employs a highly nonlinear fiber loop with a feedback path to generate a 10-GHz-spacing MBFL. Then, assisted by a tunable optical bandpass filter, MBFLs with spacing from 20 GHz to 100 GHz at a step of 10 GHz are generated in another highly nonlinear fiber loop based on the cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing. More than 60 lasing lines with an optical signal-to-noise ratio over 10 dB are obtained successfully in all the switchable spacings. The total output power and the channel spacing of the MBFLs are proved to be stable.
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10
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Gu J, Li X, Qi K, Pu K, Li Z, Zhang F, Li T, Xie Z, Xiao M, Jiang X. Octave-spanning soliton microcomb in silica microdisk resonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1100-1103. [PMID: 36857223 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a chip-based octave-spanning soliton microcomb in a whispering gallery mode microresonator platform. By fabricating a silica microdisk resonator and optimizing its dispersion with dry etching, we achieve an octave-spanning single-soliton microcomb with a repetition rate of ∼670 GHz at an optical pump power of 162.6 mW. Also, two dispersive waves at the end of the spectrum are observed to extend the comb spectral range and improve the comb power.
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11
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Xiao Z, Li T, Cai M, Zhang H, Huang Y, Li C, Yao B, Wu K, Chen J. Near-zero-dispersion soliton and broadband modulational instability Kerr microcombs in anomalous dispersion. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:33. [PMID: 36725833 PMCID: PMC9892599 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The developing advances of microresonator-based Kerr cavity solitons have enabled versatile applications ranging from communication, signal processing to high-precision measurements. Resonator dispersion is the key factor determining the Kerr comb dynamics. Near the zero group-velocity-dispersion (GVD) regime, low-noise and broadband microcomb sources are achievable, which is crucial to the application of the Kerr soliton. When the GVD is almost vanished, higher-order dispersion can significantly affect the Kerr comb dynamics. Although many studies have investigated the Kerr comb dynamics near the zero-dispersion regime in microresonator or fiber ring system, limited by dispersion profiles and dispersion perturbations, the near-zero-dispersion soliton structure pumped in the anomalous dispersion side is still elusive so far. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the microcomb dynamics in fiber-based Fabry-Perot microresonator with ultra-small anomalous GVD. We obtain 2/3-octave-spaning microcombs with ~10 GHz spacing, >84 THz span, and >8400 comb lines in the modulational instability (MI) state, without any external nonlinear spectral broadening. Such widely-spanned MI combs are also able to enter the soliton state. Moreover, we report the first observation of anomalous-dispersion based near-zero-dispersion solitons, which exhibits a local repetition rate up to 8.6 THz, an individual pulse duration <100 fs, a span >32 THz and >3200 comb lines. These two distinct comb states have their own advantages. The broadband MI combs possess high conversion efficiency and wide existing range, while the near-zero-dispersion soliton exhibits relatively low phase noise and ultra-high local repetition rate. This work complements the dynamics of Kerr cavity soliton near the zero-dispersion regime, and may stimulate cross-disciplinary inspirations ranging from dispersion-controlled microresonators to broadband coherent comb devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tieying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Minglu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Kan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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12
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Bunel T, Conforti M, Ziani Z, Lumeau J, Moreau A, Fernandez A, Llopis O, Roul J, Perego AM, Wong KKY, Mussot A. Observation of modulation instability Kerr frequency combs in a fiber Fabry-Pérot resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:275-278. [PMID: 36638436 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental observation of a modulation instability induced Kerr frequency comb in an all fiber Fabry-Pérot resonator. We fully characterized, in intensity and phase, the frequency comb using a commercial 10 MHz resolution heterodyne detection system to reveal more than 125 comb teeth within each of the modulation instability sidelobes. Moreover, we were able to reveal the fine temporal structure in phase and intensity of the output Turing patterns. The experimental results are generally in good agreement with numerical simulations.
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13
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Synthesized spatiotemporal mode-locking and photonic flywheel in multimode mesoresonators. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6395. [PMID: 36302919 PMCID: PMC9613675 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) frequency combs—also known as microcombs—have arguably created a new field in cavity nonlinear photonics, with a strong cross-fertilization between theoretical, experimental, and technological research. Spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) not only adds new degrees of freedom to ultrafast laser technology, but also provides new insights for implementing analogue computers and heuristic optimizers with photonics. Here, we combine the principles of DKS and STML to demonstrate the STML DKS by developing an unexplored ultrahigh-quality-factor Fabry–Pérot (FP) mesoresonator based on graded index multimode fiber (GRIN-MMF). Complementing the two-step pumping scheme with a cavity stress tuning method, we can selectively excite either the eigenmode DKS or the STML DKS. Furthermore, we demonstrate an ultralow noise microcomb that enhances the photonic flywheel performance in both the fundamental comb linewidth and DKS timing jitter. The demonstrated fundamental comb linewidth of 400 mHz and DKS timing jitter of 500 attosecond (averaging times up to 25 μs) represent improvements of 25× and 2.5×, respectively, from the state-of-the-art. Our results show the potential of GRIN-MMF FP mesoresonators as an ideal testbed for high-dimensional nonlinear cavity dynamics and photonic flywheel with ultrahigh coherence and ultralow timing jitter. Here the authors demonstrate spatiotemporal mode-locked dissipative Kerr soliton and enhanced photonic flywheel performances in both the fundamental comb linewidth and DKS timing jitter.
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14
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Nie M, Li B, Jia K, Xie Y, Yan J, Zhu S, Xie Z, Huang SW. Dissipative soliton generation and real-time dynamics in microresonator-filtered fiber lasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:296. [PMID: 36224184 PMCID: PMC9556569 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Optical frequency combs in microresonators (microcombs) have a wide range of applications in science and technology, due to its compact size and access to considerably larger comb spacing. Despite recent successes, the problems of self-starting, high mode efficiency as well as high output power have not been fully addressed for conventional soliton microcombs. Recent demonstration of laser cavity soliton microcombs by nesting a microresonator into a fiber cavity, shows great potential to solve the problems. Here we study the dissipative soliton generation and interaction dynamics in a microresonator-filtered fiber laser in both theory and experiment. We bring theoretical insight into the mode-locking principle, discuss the parameters effect on soliton properties, and provide experimental guidelines for broadband soliton generation. We predict chirped bright dissipative soliton with flat-top spectral envelope in microresonators with normal dispersion, which is fundamentally forbidden for the externally driven case. Furthermore, we experimentally achieve soliton microcombs with large bandwidth of ~10 nm and high mode efficiency of 90.7%. Finally, by taking advantage of an ultrahigh-speed time magnifier, we study the real-time soliton formation and interaction dynamics and experimentally observe soliton Newton's cradle. Our study will benefit the design of the novel, high-efficiency and self-starting microcombs for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Nie
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yijun Xie
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Jingjie Yan
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Shining Zhu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
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15
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Wang Z, Fang Y, Lin H, Zhao G, Yan W, Ma Z, Li Q, Zhang J. Bucket Effect to Improve Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Response on Metal‐Heteroaromatic Compounds. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
| | - Yu‐Hui Fang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Huaxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Zuju Ma
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering Yantai University Yantai 264005 P.R. China
| | - Qiao‐Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou P. R. China
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Wang C, Chang B, Tan T, Qin C, Wu Z, Yan G, Fu B, Wu Y, Rao Y, Xia H, Yao B. High energy and low noise soliton fiber laser comb based on nonlinear merging of Kelly sidebands. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23556-23567. [PMID: 36225032 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical solitons in mode-locked laser cavities with dispersion-nonlinearity interaction, delivers pulses of light that retain their shape. Due to the nature of discretely distributed dispersion and nonlinearity, optical solitons can emit Kelly-sidebands via the frequency coupling of soliton and dispersive waves. In this paper, we generate a high-energy femtosecond laser comb, by using the intracavity Kelly radiations and 3rd order nonlinearities. By increasing the intracavity power, the soliton envelop and the Kelly-sidebands merge together via four-wave-mixing, forming a super-continuum spectrum, obtaining 3.18 nJ pulse energy. A supercontinuum span covering from 1100 nm to 2300 nm for further self-referenced f-2f stabilization can be directly achieved by using an amplification-free external supercontinuum technique. Our finding not only demonstrates a non-trivial frequency-time evolution based on 'erbium + χ(3)' nonlinear gains, but also offers a new opportunity to develop practically compact fiber frequency combs for frequency metrology or spectroscopy.
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Abstract
AbstractSoliton microcombs provide a versatile platform for realizing fundamental studies and technological applications. To be utilized as frequency rulers for precision metrology, soliton microcombs must display broadband phase coherence, a parameter characterized by the optical phase or frequency noise of the comb lines and their corresponding optical linewidths. Here, we analyse the optical phase-noise dynamics in soliton microcombs generated in silicon nitride high-Q microresonators and show that, because of the Raman self-frequency shift or dispersive-wave recoil, the Lorentzian linewidth of some of the comb lines can, surprisingly, be narrower than that of the pump laser. This work elucidates information about the physical limits in phase coherence of soliton microcombs and illustrates a new strategy for the generation of spectrally coherent light on chip.
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Ultrastable microwave and soliton-pulse generation from fibre-photonic-stabilized microcombs. Nat Commun 2022; 13:381. [PMID: 35046409 PMCID: PMC8770478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate lower-noise microwaves has greatly advanced high-speed, high-precision scientific and engineering fields. Microcombs have high potential for generating such low-noise microwaves from chip-scale devices. To realize an ultralow-noise performance over a wider Fourier frequency range and longer time scale, which is required for many high-precision applications, free-running microcombs must be locked to more stable reference sources. However, ultrastable reference sources, particularly optical cavity-based methods, are generally bulky, alignment-sensitive and expensive, and therefore forfeit the benefits of using chip-scale microcombs. Here, we realize compact and low-phase-noise microwave and soliton pulse generation by combining a silica-microcomb (with few-mm diameter) with a fibre-photonic-based timing reference (with few-cm diameter). An ultrastable 22-GHz microwave is generated with −110 dBc/Hz (−88 dBc/Hz) phase noise at 1-kHz (100-Hz) Fourier frequency and 10−13-level frequency instability within 1-s. This work shows the potential of fully packaged, palm-sized or smaller systems for generating both ultrastable soliton pulse trains and microwaves, thereby facilitating a wide range of field applications involving ultrahigh-stability microcombs. A compact yet high-performance stabilization method has been the missing ingredient for microcombs. Here, optical fibre is used for stabilizing microcombs, enabling the generation of ultrastable soliton pulses and microwaves from palm-sized platforms
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Tsao E, Xie Y, Nie M, Huang SW. Monostable dissipative Kerr solitons. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:122-125. [PMID: 34951897 DOI: 10.1364/ol.441165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Kerr microcombs hold the promise of bringing frequency combs onto the chip and into a variety of applications requiring low size, weight, power, and cost. However, reliable Kerr microcomb generation is hindered by the thermal effect and multistability of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs). Past approaches toward Kerr microcomb reliability include either deterministic single-soliton generation or self-starting soliton behavior but not both. Here we describe a regime of DKSs that is both deterministic and self-starting, in which only a single soliton can stably exist. We term this new DKS regime "monostable DKSs" (MS-DKSs) as all other optical behaviors, such as continuous-wave-only and multiple solitons, are fundamentally forbidden by the design. We establish a graphical model to describe MS-DKSs and discuss the design principles of MS-DKSs. We numerically demonstrate the MS-DKS behavior in an example periodically poled lithium niobate microring resonator.
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Tan T, Yuan Z, Zhang H, Yan G, Zhou S, An N, Peng B, Soavi G, Rao Y, Yao B. Multispecies and individual gas molecule detection using Stokes solitons in a graphene over-modal microresonator. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6716. [PMID: 34795222 PMCID: PMC8602637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soliton frequency combs generate equally-distant frequencies, offering a powerful tool for fast and accurate measurements over broad spectral ranges. The generation of solitons in microresonators can further improve the compactness of comb sources. However the geometry and the material’s inertness of pristine microresonators limit their potential in applications such as gas molecule detection. Here, we realize a two-dimensional-material functionalized microcomb sensor by asymmetrically depositing graphene in an over-modal microsphere. By using one single pump, spectrally trapped Stokes solitons belonging to distinct transverse mode families are co-generated in one single device. Such Stokes solitons with locked repetition rate but different offsets produce ultrasensitive beat notes in the electrical domain, offering unique advantages for selective and individual gas molecule detection. Moreover, the stable nature of the solitons enables us to trace the frequency shift of the dual-soliton beat-note with uncertainty <0.2 Hz and to achieve real-time individual gas molecule detection in vacuum, via an optoelectronic heterodyne detection scheme. This combination of atomically thin materials and microcombs shows the potential for compact photonic sensing with high performances and offers insights toward the design of versatile functionalized microcavity photonic devices. The integration of 2D materials on photonic devices provides advanced functionalities in sensing applications. The authors demonstrate a graphene functionalized microcomb sensor by exploiting spectrally trapped Stokes solitons. They obtain both multispecies gas identification and individual molecule sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.,Research Centre of Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhongye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Guofeng Yan
- Research Centre of Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Ning An
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany. .,Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany.
| | - Yunjiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. .,Research Centre of Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Do IH, Kim D, Jeong D, Suk D, Kwon D, Kim J, Lee JH, Lee H. Self-stabilized soliton generation in a microresonator through mode-pulled Brillouin lasing. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1772-1775. [PMID: 33793540 DOI: 10.1364/ol.419137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the complexity required for starting and maintaining a soliton state has been a major task to fully miniaturize soliton microcombs including the accompanying external operating systems. Here we experimentally examine the generative process of a self-stabilized soliton in which a continuous-wave pump detuned on the thermally stable blue side of a resonance generates a Brillouin lasing signal that relays the pump power to the soliton pulses via intracavity mode-coupling without breaking thermal self-stability. Based on a simple setup consisting of a free-running laser and a microcavity without any external feedback systems by virtue of internal thermal locking, single-soliton pulses of 11 GHz repetition rate were deterministically generated. We demonstrate that the single-soliton pulses can be passively maintained over several days in a laboratory environment with a phase noise performance of -137dBc/Hz at 100 kHz.
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22
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Hao L, Wang X, Guo D, Jia K, Fan P, Guo J, Ni X, Zhao G, Xie Z, Zhu SN. Narrow-linewidth self-injection locked diode laser with a high-Q fiber Fabry-Perot resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1397-1400. [PMID: 33720196 DOI: 10.1364/ol.415859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Narrow-linewidth lasers are essential for various applications, but are limited by their size, weight, power, and cost requirements. Here we demonstrate a self-injection locked diode laser fabricated with a high quality factor fiber Fabry-Perot resonator, with a 145 Hz free-running linewidth. The locking scheme is all-fiber for plug-and-play operation. White frequency noise of 50Hz2/Hz is measured with over 42 dB reduction from the low-cost TO-can distributed feedback laser diode, and shows its wide applications in a compact and cost-effective way.
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