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Liang X, Cao Y, Yan P, Zhou Y. Asymmetric Magnon Frequency Comb. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6730-6736. [PMID: 38787290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We theoretically show the asymmetric spin wave transmission in a coupled waveguide-skyrmion structure, where the skyrmion acts as an effective nanocavity allowing the whispering gallery modes for magnons. The asymmetry originates from the chiral spin wave mode localized in the circular skyrmion wall. By inputting two-tone excitations and mixing them in the skyrmion wall, we observe a unidirectional output magnon frequency comb propagating in the waveguide with a record number of teeth (>50). This coupled waveguide-cavity structure turns out to be a universal paradigm for generating asymmetric magnon frequency combs, where the cavity can be generalized to other magnetic structures that support the whispering gallery mode of magnons. Our results advance the understanding of the nonlinear interaction between magnons and magnetic textures and open a new pathway to exploring the asymmetric spin wave transmission and to steering the magnon frequency comb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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2
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Nikolaev KO, Lake SR, Schmidt G, Demokritov SO, Demidov VE. Resonant generation of propagating second-harmonic spin waves in nano-waveguides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1827. [PMID: 38418458 PMCID: PMC10902293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Generation of second-harmonic waves is one of the universal nonlinear phenomena that have found numerous technical applications in many modern technologies, in particular, in photonics. This phenomenon also has great potential in the field of magnonics, which considers the use of spin waves in magnetic nanostructures to implement wave-based signal processing and computing. However, due to the strong frequency dependence of the phase velocity of spin waves, resonant phase-matched generation of second-harmonic spin waves has not yet been achieved in practice. Here, we show experimentally that such a process can be realized using a combination of different modes of nano-sized spin-wave waveguides based on low-damping magnetic insulators. We demonstrate that our approach enables efficient spatially-extended energy transfer between interacting waves, which can be controlled by the intensity of the initial wave and the static magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Nikolaev
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - S R Lake
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - G Schmidt
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - S O Demokritov
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
| | - V E Demidov
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
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3
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Jin Z, Yao X, Wang Z, Yuan HY, Zeng Z, Wang W, Cao Y, Yan P. Nonlinear Topological Magnon Spin Hall Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:166704. [PMID: 37925727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.166704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
When a magnon passes through two-dimensional magnetic textures, it will experience a fictitious magnetic field originating from the 3×3 skew-symmetric gauge fields. To date, only one of the three independent components of the gauge fields has been found to play a role in generating the fictitious magnetic field, while the other two are perfectly hidden. In this Letter, we show that they are concealed in the nonlinear magnon transport in magnetic textures. Without loss of generality, we theoretically study the nonlinear magnon-skyrmion interaction in antiferromagnets. By analyzing the scattering features of three-magnon processes between the circularly polarized incident magnon and breathing skyrmion, we predict a giant Hall angle of both the confluence and splitting modes. Furthermore, we find that the Hall angle reverses its sign when one switches the handedness of the incident magnons. We dub this the nonlinear topological magnon spin Hall effect. Our findings are deeply rooted in the bosonic nature of magnons that the particle number is not conserved, which has no counterpart in low-energy fermionic systems and may open the door for probing gauge fields by nonlinear means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejunyu Jin
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xianglong Yao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Y Yuan
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zhaozhuo Zeng
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Körber L, Heins C, Hula T, Kim JV, Thlang S, Schultheiss H, Fassbender J, Schultheiss K. Pattern recognition in reciprocal space with a magnon-scattering reservoir. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3954. [PMID: 37402733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnons are elementary excitations in magnetic materials and undergo nonlinear multimode scattering processes at large input powers. In experiments and simulations, we show that the interaction between magnon modes of a confined magnetic vortex can be harnessed for pattern recognition. We study the magnetic response to signals comprising sine wave pulses with frequencies corresponding to radial mode excitations. Three-magnon scattering results in the excitation of different azimuthal modes, whose amplitudes depend strongly on the input sequences. We show that recognition rates as high as 99.4% can be attained for four-symbol sequences using the scattered modes, with strong performance maintained with the presence of amplitude noise in the inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Körber
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany.
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany.
| | - Christopher Heins
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - Tobias Hula
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, D-09107, Germany
| | - Joo-Von Kim
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sonia Thlang
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Helmut Schultheiss
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - Katrin Schultheiss
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany.
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5
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Sheng L, Elyasi M, Chen J, He W, Wang Y, Wang H, Feng H, Zhang Y, Medlej I, Liu S, Jiang W, Han X, Yu D, Ansermet JP, Bauer GEW, Yu H. Nonlocal Detection of Interlayer Three-Magnon Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:046701. [PMID: 36763421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.046701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A leading nonlinear effect in magnonics is the interaction that splits a high-frequency magnon into two low-frequency magnons with conserved linear momentum. Here, we report experimental observation of nonlocal three-magnon scattering between spatially separated magnetic systems, viz. a CoFeB nanowire and a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin film. Above a certain threshold power of an applied microwave field, a CoFeB Kittel magnon splits into a pair of counterpropagating YIG magnons that induce voltage signals in Pt electrodes on each side, in excellent agreement with model calculations based on the interlayer dipolar interaction. The excited YIG magnon pairs reside mainly in the first excited (n=1) perpendicular standing spin-wave mode. With increasing power, the n=1 magnons successively scatter into nodeless (n=0) magnons through a four-magnon process. Our results demonstrate nonlocal detection of two separately propagating magnons emerging from one common source that may enable quantum entanglement between distant magnons for quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutong Sheng
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mehrdad Elyasi
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jilei Chen
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Wenqing He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yizhan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hanchen Wang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Hongmei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Israa Medlej
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Song Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiufeng Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Ansermet
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit E W Bauer
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Haiming Yu
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
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6
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Dreyer R, Schäffer AF, Bauer HG, Liebing N, Berakdar J, Woltersdorf G. Imaging and phase-locking of non-linear spin waves. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4939. [PMID: 35999206 PMCID: PMC9399154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-linear processes are a key feature in the emerging field of spin-wave based information processing and allow to convert uniform spin-wave excitations into propagating modes at different frequencies. Recently, the existence of non-linear magnons at half-integer multiples of the driving frequency has been predicted for Ni80Fe20 at low bias fields. However, it is an open question under which conditions such non-linear spin waves emerge coherently and how they may be used in device structures. Usually non-linear processes are explored in the small modulation regime and result in the well known three and four magnon scattering processes. Here we demonstrate and image a class of spin waves oscillating at half-integer harmonics that have only recently been proposed for the strong modulation regime. The direct imaging of these parametrically generated magnons in Ni80Fe20 elements allows to visualize their wave vectors. In addition, we demonstrate the presence of two degenerate phase states that may be selected by external phase-locking. These results open new possibilities for applications such as spin-wave sources, amplifiers and phase-encoded information processing with magnons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Dreyer
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander F Schäffer
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Liebing
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jamal Berakdar
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Georg Woltersdorf
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany.
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7
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Wang Z, Yuan HY, Cao Y, Li ZX, Duine RA, Yan P. Magnonic Frequency Comb through Nonlinear Magnon-Skyrmion Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:037202. [PMID: 34328762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.037202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An optical frequency comb consists of a set of discrete and equally spaced frequencies and has found wide applications in the synthesis over a broad range of spectral frequencies of electromagnetic waves and precise optical frequency metrology. Despite the analogies between magnons and photons in many aspects, the analog of an optical frequency comb in magnonic systems has not been reported. Here, we theoretically study the magnon-skyrmion interaction and find that a magnonic frequency comb (MFC) can be generated above a threshold driving amplitude, where the nonlinear scattering process involving three magnons prevails. The mode spacing of the MFC is equal to the breathing-mode frequency of the skyrmion and is thus tunable by either electric or magnetic means. The theoretical prediction is verified by micromagnetic simulations, and the essential physics can be generalized to a large class of magnetic solitons. Our findings open a new pathway to observe frequency comb structures in magnonic devices that may inspire the study of fundamental nonlinear physics in spintronic platforms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Y Yuan
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Z-X Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Rembert A Duine
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Etesamirad A, Rodriguez R, Bocanegra J, Verba R, Katine J, Krivorotov IN, Tyberkevych V, Ivanov B, Barsukov I. Controlling Magnon Interaction by a Nanoscale Switch. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20288-20295. [PMID: 33885300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control and tune magnetic dissipation is a key concept of emergent spintronic technologies. Magnon scattering processes constitute a major dissipation channel in nanomagnets, redefine their response to spin torque, and hold the promise for manipulating magnetic states on the quantum level. Controlling these processes in nanomagnets, while being imperative for spintronic applications, has remained difficult to achieve. Here, we propose an approach for controlling magnon scattering by a switch that generates nonuniform magnetic field at nanoscale. We provide an experimental demonstration in magnetic tunnel junction nanodevices, consisting of a free layer and a synthetic antiferromagnet. By triggering the spin-flop transition in the synthetic antiferromagnet and utilizing its stray field, magnon interaction in the free layer is toggled. The results open up avenues for tuning nonlinearities in magnetic neuromorphic applications and for engineering coherent magnon coupling in hybrid quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Etesamirad
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Rodolfo Rodriguez
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Joshua Bocanegra
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | - Jordan Katine
- Western Digital, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Ilya N Krivorotov
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vasyl Tyberkevych
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | | | - Igor Barsukov
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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