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Bustamante CM, Todorov T, Gadea ED, Tarasi F, Stella L, Horsfield A, Scherlis DA. Modeling the electroluminescence of atomic wires from quantum dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214102. [PMID: 38828814 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Static and time-dependent quantum-mechanical approaches have been employed in the literature to characterize the physics of light-emitting molecules and nanostructures. However, the electromagnetic emission induced by an input current has remained beyond the realm of molecular simulations. This is the challenge addressed here with the help of an equation of motion for the density matrix coupled to a photon bath based on a Redfield formulation. This equation is evolved within the framework of the driven-Liouville von Neumann approach, which incorporates open boundaries by introducing an applied bias and a circulating current. The dissipated electromagnetic power can be computed in this context from the time derivative of the energy. This scheme is applied in combination with a self-consistent tight-binding Hamiltonian to investigate the effects of bias and molecular size on the electroluminescence of metallic and semiconducting chains. For the latter, a complex interplay between bias and molecular length is observed: there is an optimal number of atoms that maximizes the emitted power at high voltages but not at low ones. This unanticipated behavior can be understood in terms of the band bending produced along the semiconducting chain, a phenomenon that is captured by the self-consistency of the method. A simple analytical model is proposed that explains the main features revealed by the simulations. The methodology, applied here at a self-consistent tight-binding level but extendable to more sophisticated Hamiltonians such as density functional tight binding and time dependent density functional theory, promises to be helpful for quantifying the power and quantum efficiency of nanoscale electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Bustamante
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Tchavdar Todorov
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Esteban D Gadea
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Tarasi
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Centre for Light-Matter Interactions, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Horsfield
- Department of Materials, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Damián A Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ruggenthaler M, Sidler D, Rubio A. Understanding Polaritonic Chemistry from Ab Initio Quantum Electrodynamics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11191-11229. [PMID: 37729114 PMCID: PMC10571044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present the theoretical foundations and first-principles frameworks to describe quantum matter within quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the low-energy regime, with a focus on polaritonic chemistry. By starting from fundamental physical and mathematical principles, we first review in great detail ab initio nonrelativistic QED. The resulting Pauli-Fierz quantum field theory serves as a cornerstone for the development of (in principle exact but in practice) approximate computational methods such as quantum-electrodynamical density functional theory, QED coupled cluster, or cavity Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. These methods treat light and matter on equal footing and, at the same time, have the same level of accuracy and reliability as established methods of computational chemistry and electronic structure theory. After an overview of the key ideas behind those ab initio QED methods, we highlight their benefits for understanding photon-induced changes of chemical properties and reactions. Based on results obtained by ab initio QED methods, we identify open theoretical questions and how a so far missing detailed understanding of polaritonic chemistry can be established. We finally give an outlook on future directions within polaritonic chemistry and first-principles QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruggenthaler
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sidler
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
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Bustamante CM, Gadea ED, Todorov TN, Horsfield A, Stella L, Scherlis DA. Fluorescence in quantum dynamics: Accurate spectra require post-mean-field approaches. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:144104. [PMID: 37061497 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Real time modeling of fluorescence with vibronic resolution entails the representation of the light-matter interaction coupled to a quantum-mechanical description of the phonons and is therefore a challenging problem. In this work, taking advantage of the difference in timescales characterizing internal conversion and radiative relaxation-which allows us to decouple these two phenomena by sequentially modeling one after the other-we simulate the electron dynamics of fluorescence through a master equation derived from the Redfield formalism. Moreover, we explore the use of a recent semiclassical dissipative equation of motion [C. M. Bustamante et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 087401 (2021)], termed coherent electron electric-field dynamics (CEED), to describe the radiative stage. By comparing the results with those from the full quantum-electrodynamics treatment, we find that the semiclassical model does not reproduce the right amplitudes in the emission spectra when the radiative process involves the de-excitation to a manifold of closely lying states. We argue that this flaw is inherent to any mean-field approach and is the case with CEED. This effect is critical for the study of light-matter interaction, and this work is, to our knowledge, the first one to report this problem. We note that CEED reproduces the correct frequencies in agreement with quantum electrodynamics. This is a major asset of the semiclassical model, since the emission peak positions will be predicted correctly without any prior assumption about the nature of the molecular Hamiltonian. This is not so for the quantum electrodynamics approach, where access to the spectral information relies on knowledge of the Hamiltonian eigenvalues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Bustamante
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Esteban D Gadea
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Tchavdar N Todorov
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Horsfield
- Department of Materials, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Centre for Light-Matter Interactions, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Damian A Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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Bustamante CM, Gadea ED, Todorov TN, Scherlis DA. Tailoring Cooperative Emission in Molecules: Superradiance and Subradiance from First-Principles Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11601-11609. [PMID: 36480910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative optical effects provide a pathway to both the amplification (superradiance) and the suppression (subradiance) of photon emission from electronically excited states. These captivating phenomena offer a rich variety of possibilities for photonic technologies aimed at electromagnetic energy manipulation, including lasers and high-speed emitting devices in the case of superradiance or optical energy storage in that of subradiance. The employment of molecules as the building pieces in these developments requires a precise understanding of the roles of separation, orientation, spatial distribution, and applied fields, which remains challenging for theory and experiments. These questions are addressed here through ab initio quantum dynamics simulations of collective emission on the basis of a novel semiclassical formalism and time-dependent density functional theory. By establishing the configurations leading to decoherence and how the fine-tuning of a pulse can accumulate or release optical energy in H2 arrays, this report provides fundamental insight toward the design of real superradiant and subradiant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Bustamante
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Esteban D Gadea
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Tchavdar N Todorov
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BelfastBT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Damián A Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1428EHA, Argentina
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Schäfer C, Johansson G. Shortcut to Self-Consistent Light-Matter Interaction and Realistic Spectra from First Principles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:156402. [PMID: 35499896 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.156402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a simple approach to how an electromagnetic environment can be efficiently embedded into state-of-the-art electronic structure methods, taking the form of radiation-reaction forces. We demonstrate that this self-consistently provides access to radiative emission, natural linewidth, Lamb shifts, strong coupling, electromagnetically induced transparency, Purcell-enhanced and superradiant emission. As an example, we illustrate its seamless integration into time-dependent density-functional theory with virtually no additional cost, presenting a convenient shortcut to light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schäfer
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Göran Johansson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Li TE, Tao Z, Hammes-Schiffer S. Semiclassical Real-Time Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Dynamics for Molecular Polaritons: Unified Theory of Electronic and Vibrational Strong Couplings. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:2774-2784. [PMID: 35420037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons have become an emerging platform for remotely controlling molecular properties through strong light-matter interactions. Herein, a semiclassical approach is developed for describing molecular polaritons by self-consistently propagating the real-time dynamics of classical cavity modes and a quantum molecular subsystem described by the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) method, where electrons and specified nuclei are treated quantum mechanically on the same level. This semiclassical real-time NEO approach provides a unified description of electronic and vibrational strong couplings and describes the impact of the cavity on coupled nuclear-electronic dynamics while including nuclear quantum effects. For a single o-hydroxybenzaldehyde molecule under electronic strong coupling, this approach shows that the cavity suppression of excited state intramolecular proton transfer is influenced not only by the polaritonic potential energy surface but also by the time scale of the chemical reaction. This work provides the foundation for exploring collective strong coupling in nuclear-electronic quantum dynamical systems within optical cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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A Fuzzy Logic Reinforcement Learning Control with Spring-Damper Device for Space Robot Capturing Satellite. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to prevent joints from being damaged by impact force in a space robot capturing satellite, a spring-damper device (SDD) is added between the joint motor and manipulator. The device can not only absorb and attrition impact energy, but also limit impact force to a safe range through reasonable design compliance control strategy. Firstly, the dynamic mode of the space robot and target satellite systems before capture are established by using a Lagrange function based on dissipation theory and Newton-Euler function, respectively. After that, the impact effect is analyzed and the hybrid system dynamic equation is obtained by combining Newton’s third law, momentum conservation, and a kinematic geometric relationship. To realize the buffer compliance stability control of the hybrid system, a reinforcement learning (RL) control strategy based on a fuzzy wavelet network is proposed. The controller consists of a performance measurement unit (PMU), an associative search network (ASN), and an adaptive critic network (ACN). Finally, the stability of system is proved by Lyapunov theorem, and both the impact resistance of SDD and the effectiveness of buffer compliance control strategy are verified by numerical simulation.
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