1
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Jia Y, Tian Z, Liu Q, Mou Z, Mo Z, Tian Y, Gong Q, Gu Y. Cascade Enhancement and Efficient Collection of Single Photon Emission under Topological Protection. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:12277-12284. [PMID: 39297439 PMCID: PMC11451449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
High emission rate, high collection efficiency, and immunity to defects are the requirements of implementing on-chip single photon sources. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that both cascade enhancement and high collection efficiency of emitted photons from a single emitter can be achieved simultaneously in a topological photonic crystal containing a resonant dielectric nanodisk. The nanodisk excited by a magnetic emitter can be regarded as a large equivalent magnetic dipole. The near-field overlapping between this equivalent magnetic dipole and edge state enables achieving a cascade enhancement of single-photon emission with a Purcell factor exceeding 4 × 103. These emitted photons are guided into edge states with a collection efficiency of more than 90%, which is also corresponding to quantum yield due to topological antiscattering and the absence of absorption. The proposed mechanism under topological protection has potential applications in on-chip light-matter interactions, quantum light sources, and nanolasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jia
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaohua Tian
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers
Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation
Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengyang Mou
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zihan Mo
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers
Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation
Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers
Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation
Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking
University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China
- Hefei
National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State
Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers
Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation
Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking
University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China
- Hefei
National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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Xiao H, Yu Z, Liang J, Ding L, Zhu J, Wang Y, Chen S, Xin JH. Wetting Behavior-Induced Interfacial transmission of Energy and Signal: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2407856. [PMID: 39032113 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Wetting behaviors can significantly affect the transport of energy and signal (E&S) through vapor, solid, and liquid interfaces, which has prompted increased interest in interfacial science and technology. E&S transmission can be achieved using electricity, light, and heat, which often accompany and interact with each other. Over the past decade, their distinctive transport phenomena during wetting processes have made significant contributions to various domains. However, few studies have analyzed the intricate relationship between wetting behavior and E&S transport. This review summarizes and discusses the mechanisms of electrical, light, and heat transmission at wetting interfaces to elucidate their respective scientific issues, technical characteristics, challenges, commonalities, and potential for technological convergence. The materials, structures, and devices involved in E&S transportation are also analyzed. Particularly, harnessing synergistic advantages in practical applications and constructing advanced, multifunctional, and highly efficient smart systems based on wetted interfaces is the aim to provide strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zilin Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiechang Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jingshuai Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - John H Xin
- Research Centre of Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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3
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Yuan Y, Liu L, Zhou Y, Sang T, Yang G, Wang Y. Unidirectional self-imaging in multiple shifted photonic crystal interfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4449-4452. [PMID: 39090956 DOI: 10.1364/ol.531926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the unidirectional self-imaging phenomenon in the shifted photonic crystal (PC) heterostructure. A spin-locked topological edge state, which originates from the mismatch of the Wannier center positions, can propagate along the shifted PC interface without backscattering. When the neighboring shifted PC interfaces are close enough, the coupling between the edge states happens, and coupled edge states (CES) can be found. Based on the finite element method (FEM) simulation, the spin-locked multimode interference (MMI) and self-imaging phenomenon of CES, including paired and symmetrical interference, are achieved in multiple shifted PC interfaces. To illustrate the application of the frequency splitters, the T-shaped and double cross-shaped structures with backscattering immunity and spin-locked characteristics are proposed. Our work provides an alternative way toward the design of a topological splitter by utilizing the photonic frequency and spin degrees of freedom at the same time.
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He L, Yang Y, Ren Q, Wang X, Wu L, Yao J. Achievement splitting for topological states with pseudospin in phase modulation by using gyromagnetic photonic crystals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17253. [PMID: 39060358 PMCID: PMC11282109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As we know, valley-Hall kink states or pseudospin helical edge states are excited by polarized-momentum-locking [left-handed circular polarization (LCP) and right-handed circular polarization (RCP)] because the valley-Hall kink modes or pseudospin polarized modes have intrinsic and local chirality, which is difficult for these states to achieve phase modulation. Here we theoretically design and study a compatible topological photonic system with coexistence of photonic quantum Hall phase and pseudospin Hall phase, which is composed of gyromagnetic photonic crystals with a deformed honeycomb lattice containing six cylinders. A typical kind of hybrid topological waveguide states with pseudospin-characteristic, magnetic field-dependent, and strong robustness against backscattering and perfect electric conductor (PEC) is realized in the present system. Furthermore, we re-design a structure with intersection-liked, achieve splitting for one-way pseudospin quantum Hall edge states by using phase modulation. Robustness of the one-way pseudospin-quantum Hall edge states in splitting has been demonstrated as well. Additionally, PEC inserted in transport channel brings optical path difference in waveguide transmission, which would influence splitting for hybrid topological waveguide states in phase difference modulation. This work not only provides a new way for manipulation (i.e., phase modulation) of hybrid topological waveguide states in compatible topological photonic system from distinct topological classes but also has potential in various applications, such as sensing, signal processing, and on-chip communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu He
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Qun Ren
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiuyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jianquan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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5
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Tang GJ, Chen XD, Sun L, Guo CH, Li MY, Tian ZT, Chen HH, Wang HW, Sun QY, Pan YD, He XT, Su YK, Dong JW. Broadband and fabrication-tolerant 3-dB couplers with topological valley edge modes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:166. [PMID: 39009583 PMCID: PMC11250792 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
3-dB couplers, which are commonly used in photonic integrated circuits for on-chip information processing, precision measurement, and quantum computing, face challenges in achieving robust performance due to their limited 3-dB bandwidths and sensitivity to fabrication errors. To address this, we introduce topological physics to nanophotonics, developing a framework for topological 3-dB couplers. These couplers exhibit broad working wavelength range and robustness against fabrication dimensional errors. By leveraging valley-Hall topology and mirror symmetry, the photonic-crystal-slab couplers achieve ideal 3-dB splitting characterized by a wavelength-insensitive scattering matrix. Tolerance analysis confirms the superiority on broad bandwidth of 48 nm and robust splitting against dimensional errors of 20 nm. We further propose a topological interferometer for on-chip distance measurement, which also exhibits robustness against dimensional errors. This extension of topological principles to the fields of interferometers, may open up new possibilities for constructing robust wavelength division multiplexing, temperature-drift-insensitive sensing, and optical coherence tomography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jing Tang
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chao-Heng Guo
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Meng-Yu Li
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Tian
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hou-Hong Chen
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qi-Yao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying-Di Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin-Tao He
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yi-Kai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jian-Wen Dong
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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6
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Sun X, Wang F, Sun X, Wang X, Cao Y, Ding X, Dou Y, Fang R, Wang C, Liu H, Lu X, Gao H, Huang C. Directional surface plasmon polariton scattering using single magnetic nanoparticles. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3408-3411. [PMID: 38875632 DOI: 10.1364/ol.523793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Directional surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are expected to promote the energy efficiency of plasmonic devices, via limiting the energy in a given spatial domain. The directional scattering of dielectric nanoparticles induced by the interference between electric and magnetic responses presents a potential candidate for directional SPPs. Magnetic nanoparticles can introduce permeability as an extra manipulation, whose directional scattered SPPs have not been investigated yet. In this work, we demonstrated the directional scattered SPPs by using single magnetic nanoparticles via simulation and experiment. By increasing the permeability and particle size, the high-order TEM modes are excited inside the particle and induce more forward directional SPPs. It indicated that the particle size manifests larger tuning range compared with the permeability. Experimentally, the maximum forward-to-backward (F-to-B) SPP scattering intensity ratio of 118.52:1 is visualized by using a single 1 μm Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle. The directional scattered SPPs of magnetic nanoparticles are hopeful to improve the efficiency of plasmonic devices and pave the way for plasmonic circuits on-chip.
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He L, Liu D, Zhang H, Zhang F, Zhang W, Feng X, Huang Y, Cui K, Liu F, Zhang W, Zhang X. Topologically Protected Quantum Logic Gates with Valley-Hall Photonic Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311611. [PMID: 38479726 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Topological photonics provide a promising way to realize more robust optical devices against some defects and environmental perturbations. Quantum logic gates are fundamental units of quantum computers, which are widely used in future quantum information processing. Thus, constructing robust universal quantum logic gates is an important way forward to practical quantum computing. However, the most important problem to be solved is how to construct the quantum-logic-gate-required 2 × 2 beam splitter with topological protection. Here, the experimental realization of the topologically protected contradirectional coupler is reported, which can be employed to realize the quantum logic gates, including control-NOT and Hadamard gates, on the silicon photonic platform. These quantum gates not only have high experimental fidelities but also exhibit a certain degree of tolerances against certain types of defects. This work paves the way for the development of practical optical quantum computations and signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dongning Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Electronic Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Furong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Electronic Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yidong Huang
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Electronic Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kaiyu Cui
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Electronic Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Electronic Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Electronic Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Chen C, Ye B, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Jin S, Hao R. Topological protection of dual-polarization biphoton states in photonic crystals. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:3237-3241. [PMID: 38856472 DOI: 10.1364/ao.520654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Polarization control is a major issue in topological quantum optics that limits reliable generation and transmission of quantum states. This study presents what we believe to be a novel topological photonic crystal design that provides topological protection for biphoton pairs for both TE and TM polarization. By well-designed cell configurations within the lattice, two topological boundaries emerge that can accommodate TM and TE modes at the same time. By adjusting the dispersion curves, we can further design nonlinear four-wave mixing processes within the topological photonic crystals and provide theoretical explanations for the entanglement of the dual-polarization biphoton states. Numerical results confirm the robust transport of entangled photon pairs, even when subjected to sharp bending. Moreover, combining the dual-polarization topological photonic crystal with a polarization beam splitter enables the preparation of polarization-encoded maximally entangled states. Our work exhibits significant potential for applications in robust optical quantum information processing and quantum secure communication.
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Yoshimi H, Yamaguchi T, Ishida S, Ota Y, Iwamoto S. Efficient light couplers to topological slow light waveguides in valley photonic crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6382-6390. [PMID: 38439342 DOI: 10.1364/oe.512196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We numerically and experimentally demonstrate efficient light couplers between topological slow light waveguides in valley photonic crystals (VPhCs) and wire waveguides. By numerical simulations, we obtained a high coupling efficiency of -0.84 dB/coupler on average in the slow light regime of a group index ng = 10 - 30. Experimentally, we fabricated the couplers in a Si slab and measured the transmitted power of the devices. We realized a high coupling efficiency of approximately -1.2 dB/coupler in the slow light region of ng = 10 - 30, which is close to the result from the numerical simulations. These demonstrations will lay the groundwork for low-loss photonic integrated circuits using topological slow light waveguides.
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Kumar A, Tan YJ, Navaratna N, Gupta M, Pitchappa P, Singh R. Slow light topological photonics with counter-propagating waves and its active control on a chip. Nat Commun 2024; 15:926. [PMID: 38296983 PMCID: PMC10830473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Topological slow light exhibits potential to achieve stopped light by virtue of its widely known robust and non-reciprocal behaviours. Conventional approach for achieving topological slow light often involves flat-band engineering without disentangling the underlying physical mechanism. Here, we unveil the presence of counter-propagating waves within valley kink states as the distinctive hallmark of the slow light topological photonic waveguides. These counter-propagating waves, supported by topological vortices along glide-symmetric interface, provide significant flexibility for controlling the slowness of light. We tune the group velocity of light by changing the spatial separation between vortices adjacent to the glide-symmetric interface. We also dynamically control the group delay by introducing a non-Hermitian defect using photoexcitation to adjust the relative strength of the counter-propagating waves. This study introduces active slow light topological photonic device on a silicon chip, opening new horizons for topological photon transport through defects, topological light-matter interactions, nonlinear topological photonics, and topological quantum photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yi Ji Tan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nikhil Navaratna
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Prakash Pitchappa
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Zhang Y, Shen J, Li J, Wang H, Feng C, Zhang L, Sun L, Xu J, Liu M, Wang Y, Tian Y, Dong J, Su Y. High-speed electro-optic modulation in topological interface states of a one-dimensional lattice. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:206. [PMID: 37644006 PMCID: PMC10465510 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Electro-optic modulators are key components in data communication, microwave photonics, and quantum photonics. Modulation bandwidth, energy efficiency, and device dimension are crucial metrics of modulators. Here, we provide an important direction for the miniaturization of electro-optic modulators by reporting on ultracompact topological modulators. A topological interface state in a one-dimensional lattice is implemented on a thin-film lithium-niobate integrated platform. Due to the strong optical confinement of the interface state and the peaking enhancement of the electro-optic response, a topological cavity with a size of 1.6 × 140 μm2 enables a large modulation bandwidth of 104 GHz. The first topological modulator exhibits the most compact device size compared to reported LN modulators with bandwidths above 28 GHz, to the best of our knowledge. 100 Gb/s non-return-to-zero and 100 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation signals are generated. The switching energy is 5.4 fJ/bit, owing to the small electro-optic mode volume and low capacitance. The topological modulator accelerates the response time of topological photonic devices from the microsecond order to the picosecond order and provides an essential foundation for the implementation of large-scale lithium-niobate photonic integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingchi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chenglong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Institute of Microelectronics and Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jianwen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies & School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yikai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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12
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Wu T, Li Y, Feng X, Wu S, Gao Z, Feng L. Topological Photonic Lattice for Uniform Beam Splitting, Robust Routing, and Sensitive Far-Field Steering. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3866-3871. [PMID: 37093959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Far-field optical beam steering is a fast-growing technology for communications, spatial ranging, and detections. Nonmechanical optical phased arrays based on straight waveguides have been studied recently, where the beam emission angle to the propagation axis can be scanned by conveniently tuning the wavelength. However, the dispersion of the waveguide limits the wavelength sensitivity of beam steering and the deliberately created emitters inevitably introduce in-line backscattering on-chip. To overcome these limitations, here, we report a robust and back-reflection-free topological photonic integrated circuit, where different functionalities, such as beam splitting, routing, and far-field steering, are defined by strategic arrangements of lattices with different topological modulations simply controlled by a single lattice deformation parameter. Benefiting from the robust topological scheme, an extra band flattening is applied to achieve far-field steering with high wavelength sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yankun Li
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xilin Feng
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zihe Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Liu JW, Shi FL, Shen K, Chen XD, Chen K, Chen WJ, Dong JW. Antichiral surface states in time-reversal-invariant photonic semimetals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2027. [PMID: 37041134 PMCID: PMC10090124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides chiral edge states, the hallmark of quantum Hall insulators, antichiral edge states can exhibit unidirectional transport behavior but in topological semimetals. Although such edge states provide more flexibility for molding the flow of light, their realization usually suffers from time-reversal breaking. In this study, we propose the realization of antichiral surface states in a time-reversal-invariant manner and demonstrate our idea with a three-dimensional (3D) photonic metacrystal. Our system is a photonic semimetal possessing two asymmetrically dispersed Dirac nodal lines. Via dimension reduction, the nodal lines are rendered a pair of offset Dirac points. By introducing synthetic gauge flux, each two-dimensional (2D) subsystem with nonzero kz is analogous to a modified Haldane model, yielding a kz-dependent antichiral surface transport. Through microwave experiments, the bulk dispersion with asymmetric nodal lines and associated twisted ribbon surface states are demonstrated in our 3D time-reversal-invariant system. Although our idea is demonstrated in a photonic system, we propose a general approach to realize antichiral edge states in time-reversal-invariant systems. This approach can be easily extended to systems beyond photonics and may pave the way for further applications of antichiral transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Liu
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fu-Long Shi
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ke Shen
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Jian-Wen Dong
- School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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14
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Wang LC, Chen Y, Gong M, Yu F, Chen QD, Tian ZN, Ren XF, Sun HB. Edge State, Localization Length, and Critical Exponent from Survival Probability in Topological Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173601. [PMID: 36332264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Edge states in topological phase transitions have been observed in various platforms. To date, verification of the edge states and the associated topological invariant are mostly studied, and yet a quantitative measurement of topological phase transitions is still lacking. Here, we show the direct measurement of edge states and their localization lengths from survival probability. We employ photonic waveguide arrays to demonstrate the topological phase transitions based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. By measuring the survival probability at the lattice boundary, we show that in the long-time limit, the survival probability is P=(1-e^{-2/ξ_{loc}})^{2}, where ξ_{loc} is the localization length. This length derived from the survival probability is compared with the distance from the transition point, yielding a critical exponent of ν=0.94±0.04 at the phase boundary. Our experiment provides an alternative route to characterizing topological phase transitions and extracting their key physical quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ming Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qi-Dai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xi-Feng Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Kumar A, Gupta M, Pitchappa P, Wang N, Szriftgiser P, Ducournau G, Singh R. Phototunable chip-scale topological photonics: 160 Gbps waveguide and demultiplexer for THz 6G communication. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5404. [PMID: 36109511 PMCID: PMC9478161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The revolutionary 5G cellular systems represent a breakthrough in the communication network design to provide a single platform for enabling enhanced broadband communications, virtual reality, autonomous driving, and the internet of everything. However, the ongoing massive deployment of 5G networks has unveiled inherent limitations that have stimulated the demand for innovative technologies with a vision toward 6G communications. Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) technology has been identified as a critical enabler for 6G communications with the prospect of massive capacity and connectivity. Nonetheless, existing terahertz on-chip communication devices suffer from crosstalk, scattering losses, limited data speed, and insufficient tunability. Here, we demonstrate a new class of phototunable, on-chip topological terahertz devices consisting of a broadband single-channel 160 Gbit/s communication link and a silicon Valley Photonic Crystal based demultiplexer. The optically controllable demultiplexing of two different carriers modulated signals without crosstalk is enabled by the topological protection and a critically coupled high-quality (Q) cavity. As a proof of concept, we demultiplexed high spectral efficiency 40 Gbit/s signals and demonstrated real-time streaming of uncompressed high-definition (HD) video (1.5 Gbit/s) using the topological photonic chip. Phototunable silicon topological photonics will augment complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible terahertz technologies, vital for accelerating the development of futuristic 6G and 7G communication era driving the real-time terabits per second wireless connectivity for network sensing, holographic communication, and cognitive internet of everything.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prakash Pitchappa
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nan Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pascal Szriftgiser
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM UMR 8523), Villeneuve d'Ascq CEDEX, France
| | - Guillaume Ducournau
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-deFrance, UMR 8520, IEMN-Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Lille, France
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Kumar A, Gupta M, Pitchappa P, Tan TC, Chattopadhyay U, Ducournau G, Wang N, Chong Y, Singh R. Active Ultrahigh-Q (0.2 × 10 6 ) THz Topological Cavities on a Chip. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202370. [PMID: 35419880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid scaling of semiconductor devices has led to an increase in the number of processor cores and integrated functionalities onto a single chip to support the growing demands of high-speed and large-volume consumer electronics. To meet this burgeoning demand, an improved interconnect capacity in terms of bandwidth density and active tunability is required for enhanced throughput and energy efficiency. Low-loss terahertz silicon interconnects with larger bandwidth offer a solution for the existing inter-/intrachip bandwidth density and energy-efficiency bottleneck. Here, a low-loss terahertz topological interconnect-cavity system is presented that can actively route signals through sharp bends, by critically coupling to a topological cavity with an ultrahigh-quality (Q) factor of 0.2 × 106 . The topologically protected large Q factor cavity enables energy-efficient optical control showing 60 dB modulation. Dynamic control is further demonstrated of the critical coupling between the topological interconnect-cavity for on-chip active tailoring of the cavity resonance linewidth, frequency, and modulation through complete suppression of the back reflection. The silicon topological cavity is complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible and highly desirable for hybrid electronic-photonic technologies for sixth (6G) generation terahertz communication devices. Ultrahigh-Q cavity also paves the path for designing ultrasensitive topological sensors, terahertz topological integrated circuits, and nonlinear topological photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Prakash Pitchappa
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Institute of Microelectronics, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Thomas Caiwei Tan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Udvas Chattopadhyay
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Ducournau
- Institut d'Electronique de Microelectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, Universite de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq CEDEX, 59652, France
| | - Nan Wang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Institute of Microelectronics, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yidong Chong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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17
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Chen J, Qin Q, Peng C, Li ZY. Robust topological one-way edge states in radius-fluctuated photonic Chern topological insulators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21621-21633. [PMID: 36224877 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in topological photonics have shown that the introduction of disorders can yield the innovative and striking transport phenomena. Here, we theoretically investigate topological one-way edge states in radius-fluctuated photonic Chern topological insulators (PCTIs), which are composed of two-dimensional gyromagnetic photonic crystals with cylinder site fixed but with cylinder radius fluctuated. We use a fluctuation index to characterize the degree of radius fluctuation, employ two empirical parameters to inspect the evolution of topological one-way edge states, and verify the stability of topological one-way edge states by calculating massive samples with various random numbers. We find that as the radius-fluctuation strength increases, there arises a competition between topological one-way edge state, Anderson localization state and trivial bulk state. We reveal that the Anderson localization state appears far more easily in the radius-fluctuation PCTI with even a weak strength compared with the position-perturbed PCTI with a strong randomness. We also demonstrate that the topological one-way edge states are protected against a strong fluctuation much larger than the fabrication errors in practical experiments. Our results show that the PCTIs consisting of gyromagnetic photonic crystals have a high-tolerance for the material and sample fabrication errors, and this would provide a deeper understanding of fundamental topology physics.
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18
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Liu L, Wang Y, Zheng F, Sang T. Multimode interference in topological photonic heterostructure. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2634-2637. [PMID: 35648892 DOI: 10.1364/ol.460722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, topological photonic heterostructures, which are composed of finite-size photonic crystals with different topological phases, are proposed. The coupled topological edge states (CTESs), which originate from the coupling between topological edge states, are found. By using the finite element method, the multimode interference effect of CTESs is predicted and investigated. Paired and symmetrical interferences are discussed, and the respective imaging positions are calculated. In addition, the multimode interference effect is topologically protected when introducing disorders. As examples of application, frequency and power splitters of topological edge states based on the multimode interference effect are designed and demonstrated numerically. Our findings pave a new, to the best of our knowledge, way of designing topological photonic integrated circuit applications such as filters, couplers, multiplexers, and so on.
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19
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Li H, Luo C, Zhang T, Xu J, Zhou X, Shen Y, Deng X. Topological Refraction in Kagome Split-Ring Photonic Insulators. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091493. [PMID: 35564202 PMCID: PMC9105598 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A valley-Hall-like photonic insulator based on C3v Kagome split-ring is proposed. Theoretical analysis and numerical calculations illustrate that C3v symmetry can be broken not only by global rotation α but also individual rotation θ of the split rings, providing topological phase transitions. Furthermore, refraction of the edge state from the interface into the background space at Zigzag termination is explored. It is shown that positive/negative refraction of the outgoing beam depends on the type of valley (K or K′), from which the edge state is projected. These results provide a new way to manipulate terahertz wave propagation and facilitate the potential applications in directional collimation, beam splitting, negative refraction image, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichang Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.L.); (C.L.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chen Luo
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.L.); (C.L.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Tailin Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.L.); (C.L.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jianwei Xu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.L.); (C.L.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.L.); (C.L.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yun Shen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.L.); (C.L.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaohua Deng
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (H.L.); (C.L.); (T.Z.); (J.X.); (X.Z.)
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (X.D.)
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20
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Yin S, Qiu H, Wang Z, Dai D, Guan X. On-chip silicon switchable polarization beam splitter. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:961-964. [PMID: 35167569 DOI: 10.1364/ol.451486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate an on-chip switchable polarization beam splitter (PBS) using silicon waveguides. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of an on-chip PBS that is not only able to split polarization beams but can be tuned to allow these beams to switch the output paths. The design of the switchable PBS is based on a directional coupler. Measurements show extinction ratios of >12 dB in both the initial state and the switched state, which is realized by heating the device up to 57°C. By adding switching ability to an on-chip PBS, this work is expected to benefit quantum technology, communications, microwave photonics, etc.
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21
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Liu X, Zhao L, Zhang D, Gao S. Topological cavity laser with valley edge states. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4965-4977. [PMID: 35209468 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Topological edge states (ES) arise at the boundary between spatial domains with diverse topological properties in photonic crystals, which can transmit unidirectionally to suppress the backscattering and robustly to be immune to defects and disorders. In addition, optical devices with arbitrary geometries of cavities, such as lasers, are expected to be designed on the basis of ES. Herein, we first propose a topological cavity laser based on a honeycomb lattice of ring holes with the bearded interface in two-dimensional (2D) all-dielectric valley photonic crystals (VPhCs) at telecommunication wavelengths. Specifically, we construct a topological cavity using topological valley edge states (VES) and further study the lasing action of the optically pumped cavity with high-quality factors. Our findings could provide opportunities for practical applications of VES-based lasers as ultra-small light sources with the topological protection.
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22
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Lu J, Wirth KG, Gao W, Heßler A, Sain B, Taubner T, Zentgraf T. Observing 0D subwavelength-localized modes at ~100 THz protected by weak topology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl3903. [PMID: 34851678 PMCID: PMC8635428 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Topological photonic crystals (TPhCs) provide robust manipulation of light with built-in immunity to fabrication tolerances and disorder. Recently, it was shown that TPhCs based on weak topology with a dislocation inherit this robustness and further host topologically protected lower-dimensional localized modes. However, TPhCs with weak topology at optical frequencies have not been demonstrated so far. Here, we use scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy to verify mid-bandgap zero-dimensional light localization close to 100 THz in a TPhC with nontrivial Zak phase and an edge dislocation. We show that because of the weak topology, differently extended dislocation centers induce similarly strong light localization. The experimental results are supported by full-field simulations. Along with the underlying fundamental physics, our results lay a foundation for the application of TPhCs based on weak topology in active topological nanophotonics, and nonlinear and quantum optic integrated devices because of their strong and robust light localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Lu
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | | | - Wenlong Gao
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Andreas Heßler
- I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Basudeb Sain
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Thomas Taubner
- I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance Fundamentals of Future Information Technology (JARA-FIT), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Zentgraf
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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23
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Yuan H, Liu Z, Wei M, Lin H, Hu X, Lu C. Topological Nanophotonic Wavelength Router Based on Topology Optimization. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1506. [PMID: 34945356 PMCID: PMC8708180 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The topological nanophotonic wavelength router, which can steer light with different wavelength signals into different topological channels, plays a key role in optical information processing. However, no effective method has been found to realize such a topological nanophotonic device. Here, an on-chip topological nanophotonic wavelength router working in an optical telecom band is designed based on a topology optimization algorithm and experimentally demonstrated. Valley photonic crystal is used to provide a topological state in the optical telecom band. The measured topological wavelength router has narrow signal peaks and is easy for integration. This work offers an efficient scheme for the realization of topological devices and lays a foundation for the future application of topological photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhouhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Maoliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Hongtao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cuicui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (Z.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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