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Stefano A, Zatti L, Liscidini M. Broadband spontaneous parametric downconversion in reconfigurable poled linearly uncoupled resonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4819-4822. [PMID: 39207972 DOI: 10.1364/ol.533455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we theoretically study spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in a periodically poled structure composed of two linearly uncoupled resonators that are nonlinearly coupled via a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The device does not require dispersion engineering to achieve efficient doubly resonant SPDC, and, unlike the case of a single resonator, one can reconfigure the system to generate photon pairs over a bandwidth of hundreds of nm. We consider the case of SPDC pumped at 775 nm in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) device compatible with up-to-date technological platforms. We calculated pair generation rates of up to 250 MHz/mW pump power for a single resonance and integrated pair generation rates of up to 100 THz/mW pump power over 170 nm. When properly reconfigured, a single device can efficiently generate over a bandwidth of some 300 nm, covering the S, C, L, and U infrared bands.
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Smirnov MA, Fedotov IV, Smirnova AM, Khairullin AF, Fedotov AB, Moiseev SA. Bright ultra-broadband fiber-based biphoton source. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3838-3841. [PMID: 39008720 DOI: 10.1364/ol.524201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report a first, to the best of our knoqledge, experimental realization of a bright ultra-broadband (180 THz) fiber-based biphoton source with widely spectrally separated signal and idler photons. Such a two-photon source is realized due to the joint use of a broadband two-loop phase-matching of interacting light waves and high optical nonlinearity of a silica-core photonic crystal fiber. The high performance of the developed fiber source identifies it as an important and useful tool for a wide range of optical quantum applications.
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Rahmouni A, Wang R, Li J, Tang X, Gerrits T, Slattery O, Li Q, Ma L. Entangled photon pair generation in an integrated SiC platform. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:110. [PMID: 38724516 PMCID: PMC11082171 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Entanglement plays a vital role in quantum information processing. Owing to its unique material properties, silicon carbide recently emerged as a promising candidate for the scalable implementation of advanced quantum information processing capabilities. To date, however, only entanglement of nuclear spins has been reported in silicon carbide, while an entangled photon source, whether it is based on bulk or chip-scale technologies, has remained elusive. Here, we report the demonstration of an entangled photon source in an integrated silicon carbide platform for the first time. Specifically, strongly correlated photon pairs are efficiently generated at the telecom C-band wavelength through implementing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a compact microring resonator in the 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform. The maximum coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeds 600 at a pump power of 0.17 mW, corresponding to a pair generation rate of (9 ± 1) × 103 pairs/s. Energy-time entanglement is created and verified for such signal-idler photon pairs, with the two-photon interference fringes exhibiting a visibility larger than 99%. The heralded single-photon properties are also measured, with the heralded g(2)(0) on the order of 10-3, demonstrating the SiC platform as a prospective fully integrated, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible single-photon source for quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Rahmouni
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiao Tang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Thomas Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Oliver Slattery
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Lijun Ma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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Durán Gómez JSS, Ramírez Alarcón R, Gómez Robles M, Tavares Ramírez PMC, Rodríguez Becerra GJ, Ortíz-Ricardo E, Salas-Montiel R. Integrated photon pair source based on a silicon nitride micro-ring resonator for quantum memories. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1860-1863. [PMID: 38560883 DOI: 10.1364/ol.519784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We report the design of an integrated photon pair source based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM), implemented in an integrated micro-ring resonator in the silicon nitride platform (Si3N4). The signal photon is generated with emission at 606 nm and bandwidth of 3.98 MHz, matching the spectral properties of praseodymium ions (Pr), while the idler photon is generated at 1430.5 nm matching the wavelength of a CWDM channel in the E-band. This novel, to the best of our knowledge, device is designed to interact with a quantum memory based on a Y2SiO5 crystal doped with Pr3+ ions, in which we used cavity-enhanced SFWM along with dispersion engineering to reach the required wavelength and the few megahertz signal photon spectral bandwidth.
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Babel S, Bollmers L, Massaro M, Hong Luo K, Stefszky M, Pegoraro F, Held P, Herrmann H, Eigner C, Brecht B, Padberg L, Silberhorn C. Demonstration of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference in an LNOI directional coupler. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:23140-23148. [PMID: 37475406 DOI: 10.1364/oe.484126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Interference between single photons is key for many quantum optics experiments and applications in quantum technologies, such as quantum communication or computation. It is advantageous to operate the systems at telecommunication wavelengths and to integrate the setups for these applications in order to improve stability, compactness and scalability. A new promising material platform for integrated quantum optics is lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI). Here, we realise Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between telecom photons from an engineered parametric down-conversion source in an LNOI directional coupler. The coupler has been designed and fabricated in house and provides close to perfect balanced beam splitting. We obtain a raw HOM visibility of (93.5 ± 0.7) %, limited mainly by the source performance and in good agreement with off-chip measurements. This lays the foundation for more sophisticated quantum experiments in LNOI.
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Du H, Zhang X, Wang L, Jia Y, Chen F. Tunable sum-frequency generation in modal phase-matched thin film lithium niobate rib waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3159-3162. [PMID: 37319051 DOI: 10.1364/ol.491609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a highly efficient and tunable on-chip sum-frequency generation (SFG) on a thin-film lithium niobate platform via modal phase matching (e + e→e). It provides on-chip SFG a solution with both high efficiency and poling-free by using the highest nonlinear coefficient d33 instead of d31. The on-chip conversion efficiency of SFG is approximately 2143%W-1 with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4.4 nm in a 3-mm-long waveguide. It can find applications in chip-scale quantum optical information processing and thin-film lithium niobate based optical nonreciprocity devices.
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Du H, Zhang X, Wang L, Chen F. Highly efficient, modal phase-matched second harmonic generation in a double-layered thin film lithium niobate waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9713-9726. [PMID: 37157534 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we numerically investigate second harmonic generation in double-layered lithium niobate on the insulator platform by means of the modal phase matching. The modal dispersion of the ridge waveguides at the C waveband of optical fiber communication is calculated numerically and analyzed. Modal phase matching can be achieved by changing the geometric dimensions of the ridge waveguide. The phase-matching wavelength and conversion efficiencies versus the geometric dimensions in the modal phase-matching process are investigated. We also analyze the thermal-tuning ability of the present modal phase matching scheme. Our results show that highly efficient second harmonic generation can be realized by the modal phase matching in the double-layered thin film lithium niobate ridge waveguide.
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Tang Y, Ding T, Lu C, Qiu J, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Liu S, Zheng Y, Chen X. Broadband second-harmonic generation in an angle-cut lithium niobate-on-insulator waveguide by a temperature gradient. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1108-1111. [PMID: 36857225 DOI: 10.1364/ol.481649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Frequency conversion via nonlinear wave mixing is an important technology to broaden the spectral range of lasers, propelling their applications in optical communication, spectroscopy, signal processing, and quantum information. Many applications require not only a high conversion efficiency but also a broad phase matching bandwidth. Here, we demonstrate broadband birefringence phase matching (BPM) second-harmonic generation (SHG) in angle-cut lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) ridge waveguides based on a temperature gradient scheme. The bandwidth and shift of the phase matching spectrum can be effectively tuned by controlling the temperature gradient of the waveguide. Broadband SHG of a telecom C-band femtosecond laser is also demonstrated. The approach may open a new avenue for tunable broadband nonlinear frequency conversion in various integrated photonics platforms.
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Ding X, Ma J, Tan L, Helmy AS, Kang D. Biphoton engineering using modal spatial overlap on-chip. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6097-6100. [PMID: 37219181 DOI: 10.1364/ol.471346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion are essential for optical quantum information processing, in which the quality of biphoton states is crucial for the performance. To engineer the biphoton wave function (BWF) on-chip, the pump envelope function and the phase matching function are commonly adjusted, while the modal field overlap has been considered as a constant in the frequency range of interest. In this work, by using modal coupling in a system of coupled waveguides, we explore the modal field overlap as a new degree of freedom for biphoton engineering. We provide design examples for on-chip generations of polarization entangled photons and heralded single photons. This strategy can be applied to waveguides of different materials and structures, offering new possibilities for photonic quantum state engineering.
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Zhu D, Chen C, Yu M, Shao L, Hu Y, Xin CJ, Yeh M, Ghosh S, He L, Reimer C, Sinclair N, Wong FNC, Zhang M, Lončar M. Spectral control of nonclassical light pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:327. [PMID: 36396629 PMCID: PMC9672118 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of nonclassical light is essential for implementing frequency-encoded/multiplexed quantum computation, communication, and networking protocols, and for bridging spectral mismatch among various quantum systems. However, quantum spectral control requires a strong nonlinearity mediated by light, microwave, or acoustics, which is challenging to realize with high efficiency, low noise, and on an integrated chip. Here, we demonstrate both frequency shifting and bandwidth compression of heralded single-photon pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) phase modulator. We achieve record-high electro-optic frequency shearing of telecom single photons over terahertz range (±641 GHz or ±5.2 nm), enabling high visibility quantum interference between frequency-nondegenerate photon pairs. We further operate the modulator as a time lens and demonstrate over eighteen-fold (6.55 nm to 0.35 nm) bandwidth compression of single photons. Our results showcase the viability and promise of on-chip quantum spectral control for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Changchen Chen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mengjie Yu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Linbo Shao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yaowen Hu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - C J Xin
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Matthew Yeh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lingyan He
- HyperLight Corporation, 1 Bow Street, Suite 420, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian Reimer
- HyperLight Corporation, 1 Bow Street, Suite 420, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Neil Sinclair
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, and Alliance for Quantum Technologies (AQT), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Franco N C Wong
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mian Zhang
- HyperLight Corporation, 1 Bow Street, Suite 420, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marko Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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11
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Nehra R, Sekine R, Ledezma L, Guo Q, Gray RM, Roy A, Marandi A. Few-cycle vacuum squeezing in nanophotonics. Science 2022; 377:1333-1337. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abo6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
One of the most fundamental quantum states of light is the squeezed vacuum, in which noise in one of the quadratures is less than the standard quantum noise limit. In nanophotonics, it remains challenging to generate, manipulate, and measure such a quantum state with the performance required for a wide range of scalable quantum information systems. Here, we report the development of a lithium niobate–based nanophotonic platform to demonstrate the generation and all-optical measurement of squeezed states on the same chip. The generated squeezed states span more than 25 terahertz of bandwidth supporting just a few optical cycles. The measured 4.9 decibels of squeezing surpass the requirements for a wide range of quantum information systems, demonstrating a practical path toward scalable ultrafast quantum nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajveer Nehra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ryoto Sekine
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Luis Ledezma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Qiushi Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert M. Gray
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Arkadev Roy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alireza Marandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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12
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Hickam BP, He M, Harper N, Szoke S, Cushing SK. Single-Photon Scattering Can Account for the Discrepancies among Entangled Two-Photon Measurement Techniques. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4934-4940. [PMID: 35635002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photon pairs are predicted to linearize and increase the efficiency of two-photon absorption, allowing continuous wave laser diodes to drive ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy and nonlinear processes. Despite a range of theoretical studies and experimental measurements, inconsistencies in the value of the entanglement-enhanced interaction cross section persist. A spectrometer that can temporally and spectrally characterize the entangled photon state before, during, and after any potential two-photon excitation event is constructed. For the molecule rhodamine 6G, which has a virtual state pathway, any entangled two-photon interaction is found to be equal to or weaker than classical, single-photon scattering events. This result can account for the discrepancies among the wide variety of entangled two-photon absorption cross sections reported from different measurement techniques. The reported instrumentation can unambiguously separate classical and entangled effects and therefore is important for the growing field of nonlinear and multiphoton entangled spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce P Hickam
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Manni He
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nathan Harper
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Szilard Szoke
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Scott K Cushing
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Xin CJ, Mishra J, Chen C, Zhu D, Shams-Ansari A, Langrock C, Sinclair N, Wong FNC, Fejer MM, Lončar M. Spectrally separable photon-pair generation in dispersion engineered thin-film lithium niobate. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2830-2833. [PMID: 35648941 DOI: 10.1364/ol.456873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Existing nonlinear-optic implementations of pure, unfiltered heralded single-photon sources do not offer the scalability required for densely integrated quantum networks. Additionally, lithium niobate has hitherto been unsuitable for such use due to its material dispersion. We engineer the dispersion and the quasi-phasematching conditions of a waveguide in the rapidly emerging thin-film lithium niobate platform to generate spectrally separable photon pairs in the telecommunications band. Such photon pairs can be used as spectrally pure heralded single-photon sources in quantum networks. We estimate a heralded-state spectral purity of >94% based on joint spectral intensity measurements. Further, a joint spectral phase-sensitive measurement of the unheralded time-integrated second-order correlation function yields a heralded-state purity of (86±5)%.
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