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Yue L, Liu C, Han S, Hong H, Wang Y, Liu Q, Qi J, Li Y, Wu D, Liu K, Wang E, Dong T, Wang N. Giant nonlinear optical wave mixing in a van der Waals correlated insulator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6216. [PMID: 39093978 PMCID: PMC11296339 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Optical nonlinearities are one of the most fascinating properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. While tremendous efforts have been made to find and optimize the second-order optical nonlinearity in enormous 2D materials, opportunities to explore higher-order ones are elusive because of the much lower efficiency. Here, we report the giant high odd-order optical nonlinearities in centrosymmetric correlated van der Waals insulator manganese phosphorus triselenide. When illuminated by two near-infrared femtosecond lasers, the sample generates a series of profound four- and six-wave mixing outputs. The near-infrared third-order nonlinear susceptibility reaches near the highest record values of 2D materials. Comparative measurements to other prototypical nonlinear optical materials [lithium niobate, gallium(II) selenide, and tungsten disulfide] reveal its extraordinary wave mixing efficiency. The wave mixing processes are further used for nonlinear optical waveguide with multicolor emission. Our work highlights the promising prospect for future research of the nonlinear light-matter interactions in the correlated 2D system and for potential nonlinear photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yue
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Collaborative Innovation Center ofChemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiaomei Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajie Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Enge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Dong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nanlin Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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2
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Tan Q, Occhialini CA, Gao H, Li J, Kitadai H, Comin R, Ling X. Observation of Three-State Nematicity and Domain Evolution in Atomically Thin Antiferromagnetic NiPS 3. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38856662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Nickel phosphorus trisulfide (NiPS3), a van der Waals 2D antiferromagnet, has received significant interest for its intriguing properties in recent years. However, despite its fundamental importance in the physics of low-dimensional magnetism and promising potential for technological applications, the study of magnetic domains in NiPS3 down to an atomically thin state is still lacking. Here, we report the layer-dependent magnetic characteristics and magnetic domains in NiPS3 by employing linear dichroism spectroscopy, polarized microscopy, spin-correlated photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results reveal the existence of the paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic phase transition in bulk to bilayer NiPS3 and provide evidence of the role of stronger spin fluctuations in thin NiPS3. Furthermore, our study identifies three distinct antiferromagnetic domains within atomically thin NiPS3 and captures the thermally activated domain evolution. Our findings provide crucial insights for the development of antiferromagnetic spintronics and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishuo Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Connor A Occhialini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hongze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jiaruo Li
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hikari Kitadai
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Riccardo Comin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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3
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Sano R, Ominato Y, Matsuo M. Acoustomagnonic Spin Hall Effect in Honeycomb Antiferromagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:236302. [PMID: 38905670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.236302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The recently discovered Van der Waals antiferromagnets have suffered from the lack of a comprehensive method to study their magnetic properties. Here, we propose an ac intrinsic magnon spin Hall current driven by surface acoustic waves as a novel probe for such antiferromagnets. Our results pave the way towards mechanical detection and manipulation of the magnetic order in two-dimensional antiferromagnets. Furthermore, they will overcome the difficulties with weak magnetic responses inherent in the use of antiferromagnets and hence provide a building block for future antiferromagnetic spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mamoru Matsuo
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
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4
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Lee Y, Kim C, Son S, Cui J, Park G, Zhang KX, Oh S, Cheong H, Kleibert A, Park JG. Imaging Thermally Fluctuating Néel Vectors in van der Waals Antiferromagnet NiPS 3. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6043-6050. [PMID: 38717152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Studying antiferromagnetic domains is essential for fundamental physics and potential spintronics applications. Despite their importance, few systematic studies have been performed on antiferromagnet (AFM) domains with high spatial resolution in van der Waals (vdW) materials, and direct probing of the Néel vectors remains challenging. In this work, we found multidomain states in the vdW AFM NiPS3, a material extensively investigated for its unique magnetic exciton. We employed photoemission electron microscopy combined with the X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD-PEEM) to image the NiPS3's magnetic structure. The nanometer-spatial resolution of XMLD-PEEM allows us to determine local Néel vector orientations and discover thermally fluctuating Néel vectors that are independent of the crystal symmetry even at 65 K, well below the TN of 155 K. We demonstrate that an in-plane orbital moment of the Ni ion is responsible for the weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The observed thermal fluctuations of the antiferromagnetic domains may explain the broadening of magnetic exciton peaks at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Lee
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaebin Kim
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhan Son
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyuan Cui
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Giung Park
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai-Xuan Zhang
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwon Oh
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsik Cheong
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Armin Kleibert
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Strasdas J, Pestka B, Rybak M, Budniak AK, Leuth N, Boban H, Feyer V, Cojocariu I, Baranowski D, Avila J, Dudin P, Bostwick A, Jozwiak C, Rotenberg E, Autieri C, Amouyal Y, Plucinski L, Lifshitz E, Birowska M, Morgenstern M. Electronic Band Structure Changes across the Antiferromagnetic Phase Transition of Exfoliated MnPS 3 Flakes Probed by μ-ARPES. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10342-10349. [PMID: 37922394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Exfoliated magnetic 2D materials enable versatile tuning of magnetization, e.g., by gating or providing proximity-induced exchange interaction. However, their electronic band structure after exfoliation has not been probed, presumably due to their photochemical sensitivity. Here, we provide micrometer-scale angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the exfoliated intralayer antiferromagnet MnPS3 above and below the Néel temperature down to one monolayer. Favorable comparison with density functional theory calculations enables identifying the orbital character of the observed bands. Consistently, we find pronounced changes across the Néel temperature for bands consisting of Mn 3d and 3p levels of adjacent S atoms. The deduced orbital mixture indicates that the superexchange is relevant for the magnetic interaction. There are only minor changes between monolayer and thicker films, demonstrating the predominant 2D character of MnPS3. The novel access is transferable to other MPX3 materials (M: transition metal, P: phosphorus, X: chalcogenide), providing several antiferromagnetic arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Strasdas
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pestka
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Miłosz Rybak
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, WybrzeŻe Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam K Budniak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Niklas Leuth
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Honey Boban
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Daniel Baranowski
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - José Avila
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, BP48, Gif sur Yvette, Paris F91192, France
| | - Pavel Dudin
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, BP48, Gif sur Yvette, Paris F91192, France
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carmine Autieri
- International Research Centre MagTop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yaron Amouyal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lukasz Plucinski
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Magdalena Birowska
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura St. 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Markus Morgenstern
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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6
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Liu P, Zhang Y, Li K, Li Y, Pu Y. Recent advances in 2D van der Waals magnets: Detection, modulation, and applications. iScience 2023; 26:107584. [PMID: 37664598 PMCID: PMC10470320 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnets provides an exciting platform for exploring magnetism in the monolayer limit. Exotic quantum phenomena and significant potential for spintronic applications are demonstrated in 2D magnetic crystals and heterostructures, which offer unprecedented possibilities in advanced formation technology with low power and high efficiency. In this review, we summarize recent advances in 2D van der Waals magnetic crystals. We focus mainly on van der Waals materials of truly 2D nature with intrinsic magnetism. The detection methods of 2D magnetic materials are first introduced in detail. Subsequently, the effective strategies to modulate the magnetic behavior of 2D magnets (e.g., Curie temperature, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic exchange interaction) are presented. Then, we list the applications of 2D magnets in the spintronic devices. We also highlight current challenges and broad space for the development of 2D magnets in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, CAS Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kehan Li
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongde Li
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Pu
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Liu C, Li Z, Hu J, Duan H, Wang C, Cai L, Feng S, Wang Y, Liu R, Hou D, Liu C, Zhang R, Zhu L, Niu Y, Zakharov AA, Sheng Z, Yan W. Probing the Néel-Type Antiferromagnetic Order and Coherent Magnon-Exciton Coupling in Van Der Waals VPS 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300247. [PMID: 37071057 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D van der Waals (vdW) antiferromagnets have received intensive attention due to their terahertz resonance, multilevel magnetic-order states, and ultrafast spin dynamics. However, accurately identifying their magnetic configuration still remains a challenge owing to the lack of net magnetization and insensitivity to external fields. In this work, the Néel-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) order in 2D antiferromagnet VPS3 with the out-of-plane anisotropy, which is demonstrated by the temperature-dependent spin-phonon coupling and second-harmonic generation (SHG), is experimentally probed. This long-range AFM order even persists at the ultrathin limit. Furthermore, strong interlayer exciton-magnon coupling (EMC) upon the Néel-type AFM order is detected based on the monolayer WSe2 /VPS3 heterostructure, which induces an enhanced excitonic state and further certifies the Néel-type AFM order of VPS3 . The discovery provides optical routes as the novel platform to study 2D antiferromagnets and promotes their potential applications in magneto-optics and opto-spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaocheng Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhi Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiyu Hu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hengli Duan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Liang Cai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Sihua Feng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - De Hou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Caixing Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Yuran Niu
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | | | - Zhigao Sheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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8
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Yang Y, Lu H, Yuan J, Liu Z, Jiang Z, Huang Z, Ding J, Liu J, Cho S, Liu J, Liu Z, Guo Y, Zheng Y, Shen D. Electronic structure and layer-dependent magnetic order of a new high-mobility layered antiferromagnet KMnBi. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:155801. [PMID: 36764004 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acbb49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature two-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials are highly desirable for various device applications. In this letter, we report the low-energy electronic structure of KMnBi measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which confirms an AFM ground state with the valence band maximum located at -100 meV below the Fermi level and small hole effective masses associated with the sharp band dispersion. Using complementary Raman, atomic force microscope and electric transport measurement, we systematically study the evolution of electric transport characteristics of micro-mechanically exfoliated KMnBi with varied flake thicknesses, which all consistently reveal the existence of a probable AFM ground state down to the quintuple-layer regime. The AFM phase transition temperature ranges from 220 K to 275 K, depending on the thickness. Our results suggest that with proper device encapsulation, multilayer KMnBi is indeed a promising 2D AFM platform for testing various theoretical proposals for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengzhe Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Soohyun Cho
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jishan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 42 South Hezuohua Road, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
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9
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Matthiesen M, Hortensius JR, Mañas-Valero S, Kapon I, Dumcenco D, Giannini E, Šiškins M, Ivanov BA, van der Zant HSJ, Coronado E, Kuzmenko AB, Afanasiev D, Caviglia AD. Controlling Magnetism with Light in a Zero Orbital Angular Momentum Antiferromagnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:076702. [PMID: 36867817 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.076702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antiferromagnetic materials feature intrinsic ultrafast spin dynamics, making them ideal candidates for future magnonic devices operating at THz frequencies. A major focus of current research is the investigation of optical methods for the efficient generation of coherent magnons in antiferromagnetic insulators. In magnetic lattices endowed with orbital angular momentum, spin-orbit coupling enables spin dynamics through the resonant excitation of low-energy electric dipoles such as phonons and orbital resonances which interact with spins. However, in magnetic systems with zero orbital angular momentum, microscopic pathways for the resonant and low-energy optical excitation of coherent spin dynamics are lacking. Here, we consider experimentally the relative merits of electronic and vibrational excitations for the optical control of zero orbital angular momentum magnets, focusing on a limit case: the antiferromagnet manganese phosphorous trisulfide (MnPS_{3}), constituted by orbital singlet Mn^{2+} ions. We study the correlation of spins with two types of excitations within its band gap: a bound electron orbital excitation from the singlet orbital ground state of Mn^{2+} into an orbital triplet state, which causes coherent spin precession, and a vibrational excitation of the crystal field that causes thermal spin disorder. Our findings cast orbital transitions as key targets for magnetic control in insulators constituted by magnetic centers of zero orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Matthiesen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jorrit R Hortensius
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Itzik Kapon
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dumitru Dumcenco
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Giannini
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Makars Šiškins
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Boris A Ivanov
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education and Science, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Alexey B Kuzmenko
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dmytro Afanasiev
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andrea D Caviglia
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Wang Z, Gao M, Yu T, Zhou S, Xu M, Hirayama M, Arita R, Shiomi Y, Zhou W, Ogawa N. Real-Space Observation of Ripple-Induced Symmetry Crossover in Ultrathin MnPS 3. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1916-1924. [PMID: 36700561 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stacking order is expected to have a significant impact on the properties of van der Waals layered magnets, as it determines the crystallographic and magnetic symmetry. Recent synchrotron-based optical studies on antiferromagnetic MnPS3 have revealed a thickness-dependent symmetry crossover, suggesting possible different stackings in few-layer crystals from the bulk, which, however, has not been explicitly identified. Here, by using a combination of atomic-scale electron microscopy and theoretical calculations, we show that despite the bulk monoclinic stacking persists macroscopically down to bilayer, additional local rippling effect lifts the monoclinic symmetry of the few layers while preserving the trigonal symmetry of individual monolayers, leading to possible monolayer-like behavior in ultrathin MnPS3 samples. This finding reveals the profound impact of rippling on the microscopic symmetry of two-dimensional materials with weak interlayer interactions and raises the possibility of approaching the paradigmatic two-dimensional Néel antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice in MnPS3 without reaching monolayer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
| | - Meng Gao
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Tonghua Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Mingquan Xu
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Motoaki Hirayama
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Arita
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiomi
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo153-8902, Japan
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Naoki Ogawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
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11
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Xiao F, Tong Q. Tunable Strong Magnetic Anisotropy in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Antiferromagnets. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3946-3952. [PMID: 35549241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We show that the anisotropic energy of a 2D antiferromagnet is greatly enhanced via stacking on a magnetic substrate layer, arising from the sublattice-dependent interlayer magnetic interaction that defines an effective anisotropic energy. Interestingly, this effective energy couples strongly with the interlayer stacking order and the magnetic order of the substrate layer, providing unique mechanical and magnetic means to control the antiferromagnetic order. These two types of control methods distinctly affect the sublattice magnetization dynamics, with a change in the ratio of sublattice precession amplitudes in the former and its chirality in the latter. In moiré superlattices formed by a relative twist or strain between the layers, the coupling with stacking order introduces a landscape of effective anisotropic energy across the moiré, which can be utilized to create nonuniform antiferromagnetic textures featuring periodically localized low-energy magnons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiping Xiao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Tong
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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12
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Ni Z, Huang N, Haglund AV, Mandrus DG, Wu L. Observation of Giant Surface Second-Harmonic Generation Coupled to Nematic Orders in the van der Waals Antiferromagnet FePS 3. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3283-3288. [PMID: 35413201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation has been applied to study lattice, electronic, and magnetic proprieties in atomically thin materials. However, inversion symmetry breaking is usually required for the materials to generate a large signal. In this work, we report a giant second-harmonic generation that arises below the Néel temperature in few-layer centrosymmetric FePS3. A layer-dependent study indicates the detected signal is from the second-order nonlinearity of the surface. The magnetism-induced surface second-harmonic response is 2 orders of magnitude larger than those reported in other magnetic systems, with the surface nonlinear susceptibility reaching 0.08-0.13 nm2/V in 2-5 L samples. By combing linear dichroism and second-harmonic generation experiments, we further confirm the giant second-harmonic generation is coupled to nematic orders formed by the three possible Zigzag antiferromagnetic domains. Our study shows that the surface second-harmonic generation is also a sensitive tool to study antiferromagnetic states in centrosymmetric atomically thin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoliang Ni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Amanda V Haglund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David G Mandrus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Autieri C, Cuono G, Noce C, Rybak M, Kotur KM, Agrapidis CE, Wohlfeld K, Birowska M. Limited Ferromagnetic Interactions in Monolayers of MPS 3 (M = Mn and Ni). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:6791-6802. [PMID: 35493696 PMCID: PMC9037203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of the electronic and magnetic properties of two-dimensional ordered alloys, consisting of two representative hosts (MnPS3 and NiPS3) of transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides doped with 3d elements. For both hosts, our DFT + U calculations are able to qualitatively reproduce the ratios and signs of all experimentally observed magnetic couplings. The relative strength of all antiferromagnetic exchange couplings, both in MnPS3 and in NiPS3, can successfully be explained using an effective direct exchange model: it reveals that the third-neighbor exchange dominates in NiPS3 due to the filling of the t2g subshell, whereas for MnPS3, the first-neighbor exchange prevails, owing to the presence of the t2g magnetism. On the other hand, the nearest neighbor ferromagnetic coupling in NiPS3 can only be explained using a more complex superexchange model and is (also) largely triggered by the absence of the t2g magnetism. For the doped systems, the DFT + U calculations revealed that magnetic impurities do not affect the magnetic ordering observed in the pure phases, and thus, in general in these systems, ferromagnetism may not be easily induced by such a kind of elemental doping. However, unlike for the hosts, the first and second (dopant-host) exchange couplings are of similar order of magnitude. This leads to frustration in the case of antiferromagnetic coupling and may be one of the reasons of the observed lower magnetic ordering temperature of the doped systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Autieri
- International
Research Centre Magtop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-SPIN, UOS Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cuono
- International
Research Centre Magtop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Canio Noce
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-SPIN, UOS Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Milosz Rybak
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems
of Technology, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila M. Kotur
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Wohlfeld
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Birowska
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland
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